Synthesis, characterization and thermal behavior of cyclopalladated compounds of the type [Pd{C6H4CH2N(CH3)(2)}(mu-X)](2) (X= Cl, NCO, SCN, CN)

The dimeric compound [Pd(dmba)(μ-Cl)]2 (1) (dmba = N,N-dimethylbenzylamine) reacts with KX, in methanol/acetone, affording the analogous dimeric pseudohalide-bridged species [Pd(dmba)(X)]2 [X = NCO(2), SCN(3), CN(4)]. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, NMR and thermogravimetric analysis. The IR data for 2-4 showed bands typical of coordinated pseudohalide ligands indicating clearly the occurrence of the exchange reaction. Their thermal behavior was investigated and suggested that their thermal stability is influenced by the bridging ligand. The thermal stability decreased in the order [Pd(dmba)(μ-SCN)]2>[Pd(dmba)(μ-Cl)] 2>[Pd(dmba)(;u-NCO)]2>[Pd(dmba)(μ-CN)]2. The X-ray results showed the formation of PdO as final decomposition product. © 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

The preparation and thermal decomposition of some metal compounds of 4-dimethylaminobenzylidenepyruvate in the solid state

Solid M-DMBP compounds, where M represents Mg(II), Ca(II), Sr(II), Ba(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(III), La(III), Th(IV), and DMBP is 4-dimethylaminobenzylidenepyruvate, have been prepared. Thermogravimetry-derivative thermogravimetry (TG-DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and other methods of analysis have been used to characterize and to study the thermal stability and thermal decomposition of these compounds. © 1995.

Solid-state compounds of 2-methoxybenzylidenepyruvate with some bivalent metal ions - Synthesis, characterization and thermal behavior studies

Solid-state M-2-MeO-BP compounds, where M represents bivalent Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and 2-MeO-BP is 2-methoxybenzylidenepyruvate have been synthesized. Simultaneous thermogravinietry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis and complexometry were used to characterize and to study the thermal stability and thermal decomposition of these compounds. The results led to information about the composition, dehydration, crystallinity and thermal decomposition of the isolated compounds.

The preparation and thermal decomposition of solid state compounds of 4-dimethylaminobenzylidenepyruvate and trivalent lanthanides and yttrium

Solid state Ln-DMBP compounds, where Ln represents trivalent lanthanides (except for promethium) and yttrium, and DMBP is 4-dimethylaminobenzylidenepyruvate, were prepared. Thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and other methods of analysis were used to characterize and to study the thermal stability and thermal decomposition of these compounds. © 1993.

Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of pera rio orange juice

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Fresh and commercially pasteurized orange juice: an analysis of the metabolism of flavonoid compounds

Orange juice is a rich source of flavonoids, mainly the flavanones hesperidin and narirutin, associated with health benefits in humans. The objective of this study was to analyze the uptake of flavonoids in humans after the consumption of two types of orange juice, fresh squeezed (fresh juice, FJ) and commercially extracted and pasteurized (processed juice, PJ). Preliminary measurements showed that the main flavanones in PJ were approximately three-fold higher than in FJ. This study involved healthy volunteers including 12 men and 12 women, aged 27 ± 6, with a BMI of 24 ± 3 kg/m2. Volunteers drank 11.5 mL/kg body weight of fresh orange juice, and after an interval of 30 days they drank the same quantity of pasteurized orange juice. Urine was collected from each volunteer during 24 hours following juice consumption. Urine metabolites were recovered by solid phase extraction, and measured by HPLC–ESI–MS. Analyses of the urine samples showed high concentrations of glucuronic acid and sulfate conjugates of hesperetin and naringenin. The data indicate that the concentrations of the flavanone metabolites following consumption of PJ were approximately three times higher than for FJ, thus matching the relative doses of these compounds in the juices provided to the volunteers.

Pan-Assay interference compounds (PAINS): warning signs in biochemical-pharmacological evaluations

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Sanitizers effect in mango pulp and peel antioxidant compounds

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Orange and mango byproducts: agro-industrial waste as source of bioactive compounds and botanical versus commercial description: a review

Vegetal origin agro-industrial wastes are seen as a problem since the beginning of the industrial processes; however, they are becoming attractive as raw material for numerous purposes such as active enzymes and in the molecule bioprospecting area. Moreover, it is difficult to understand what the studied residue is consisted of in studies on agro-industrial waste, since the wastes names and constituents may vary according to the used equipment, as for waste from orange and mango processing. Thus, defining a specific waste, including comparisons between botanical and industrial descriptions, can help in understanding studies about wastes. The current review sought to contextualize such a scenario by gathering definitions, relevant information and studies on agro-industrial wastes and by-products, international enzymes market, and recent studies on bioactive compounds. In this context, waste from orange and mango are interesting because of the expression of these fruits on the world market; moreover, the processing does not include steps that could disrupt these biomolecules.

Phenolic compounds influence seed dormancy of palicourea rigida h.b.k. (rubiaceae), a medicinal plant of the brazilian savannah

Palicourea rigida H.B.K. (Rubiaceae), a medicinal species commonly known as douradinha, has wide distribution across ecosystems in Central and South America. This species exhibits seed dormancy delaying germination until optimal conditions for seedling growth and development are in place. While dormancy ensures species survival, it also presents a technical problem for developing P. rigida’s plant production program. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate if secondary metabolites present in seeds influence the seed dormancy of P. rigida. Mature fruits were harvested from the native habitat, in the savanna region of the State of Minas Gerais during February 2009, 2010 and 2011. The content of phenolic compounds in the seed of P. rigida was measured, and the allelopathic effects were assessed using the germination of lettuces as model to detect phytotoxicity. The P. rigida seeds geminated at rates varying between 7% and 31% with a Seed Germination Index (SGI) of 0.09. Data suggest that the phenolic compounds present in the seeds may be responsible for seed dormancy.

Germination of Cochlospermum regium Seeds: Influence of Seed Size, Vials, Vial Sealing In vitro, and Substrate In vivo

Aims: This work aimed to assess how seed size, vials, vial sealing (in vitro), and substrate (in vivo) affect C. regium germination and emergence. This study shall contribute to the viable production of C. regium seedlings. Study Design: The experimental design used in these experiments was randomized. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Plant Biotechnology, Universidade de RibeirãoPreto, between March 2010 and December 2010. Methodology: This work has evaluated how seed size, vials, vial sealing (in vitro), and substrate (in vivo) influence the germination and emergence of C. regium. Results: The results showed that cultivation of C. regium seedlings from seeds is viable, irrespective of seed size. Vial oxygenation is an important parameter to consider in vitro, to obtain a larger number of normal seedlings. As for in vivo conditions, germination should be conducted in sand, to ensure a greater amount of young seedlings. Conclusion: The results presented here attested that it is possible to produce C. regium seedlings from seeds of any size both in vivo and in vitro conditions. In vitro, it is important to consider vial oxygenation, in order to obtain a greater amount of normal seedlings. In vivo, germination should be conducted in sand, to ensure production of a large quantity of seedlings.