Determinação dos esforços em lajes pelo métodos dos elementos de contorno

Through deductions and formulations of the equations governing the behavior of plates elastic and thin based Kirchhoff theory, it is evident that it is justifiable to the complication of the numerical methods considering the complexity of the equations that describe the physical behavior of these elements and obtaining analytical solutions for specific situations. This study is directed to the application of the numerical method which is based on discretizations to the simplest elements which results in the reduction of data to be processed from. The numerical method in question is the Boundary Element Methods (BEM), as the name suggests, the discretizations are only the edges of the elements. The BEM converts the complex integral equations, in sums of functions that reduce the unknowns at the nodes that define the ends of discrete elements, obtaining internal values to elements using interpolation functions. Confirming the need and usefulness of the BEM, apply, then the foundations necessary to the specific cases of Civil Engineering where traditional methods do not provide the desired support, leaving in question the security situations and economics of the projects

Avaliação do potencial de sistemas nanoestruturados inovadores para incorporação de extrato seco de chá verde (Camellia sinensis): estudo da estabilidade físico-química e das atividades antioxidante e despigmentante in vitro

A utilização de extratos vegetais tem sido considerada uma forte tendência no desenvolvimento de formulações dermocosméticas, uma vez que podem apresentar diversas ações, como antioxidantes e despigmentantes, atuando tanto contra os processos de envelhecimento como hiperpigmentação da pele. Dentre as plantas que apresentam tais propriedades, o chá verde se destaca devido a sua riqueza em compostos polifenólicos e taninos condensados. O extrato seco de chá verde obtido através da extração com uma solução de acetona 70% apresenta o maior teor de fenólicos e flavonoides, mas pouca diferença quando comparado com o obtido de uma solução de acetona 50%. A alta concentração desses compostos no extrato seco é responsável pela ótima ação antioxidante do chá verde, tornando-o capaz de inibir 50% dos radicais livres do meio com apenas 4,62 µg/mL quando em solução metanólica. Entretanto, a sua atividade despigmentante não se torna evidenciada, com apenas 1,93% de ação com a mesma concentração de chá verde. Este extrato seco, quando incorporado a sistemas nanoestruturados como os sistemas líquido-cristalinos estabilizados com Procetyl AWS® passa a ter uma ação antioxidante potencializada, alcançando uma inibição de radicais livres em até, aproximadamente, 72%, enquanto sua capacidade despigmentante não é demonstrada, apresentando uma inibição de tirosinase de, no máximo, 0,88%. A caracterização estrutural foi realizada por meio de análises de microscopia de luz polarizada, comportamento reológico e perfil de textura das formulações. Para o estudo de estabilidade foram empregadas avaliação visual, centrifugação e pH. A atividade antioxidante foi determinada com base na ação seqüestrante do radical 2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazila (DPPH) e a ação despigmentante in vitro, avaliada quanto à inibição da tirosinase, pelo método enzimático... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Controle de qualidade em equipamentos mamográficos

Nowadays the mammography is the most effective way of revealing early breast cancer. The image in this kind of exam is gotten trough a x-ray sheaf of low energy, however, the suitable visualization of the interesting structures by the radiologist is not always possible due several factors that appears since the mamma composition until the equipments limitation. The regulation 453/98 sets quality control tests and limits of acceptation that guarantee a good development of the mammographys. The purpose of this study is the 3D principle ( Diagnostic, Dose and Dollar), that means, an improved diagnosis, a dose reduction in the patient and a cost decrease for the Institution. In this study was made the quality control tests set by the Regulation in two mammography equipments from Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (HCFMB - UNESP). The results reached in this research were used in the renovation process of quality stamp in mammography granted by Colégio Brasileiro de Radiologia (CBR) to the diagnosis by image from the HCFMB – UNESP

Comparação da aptidão física em idosos submetidos a diferentes intervenções de exercício físico

Introduction: The elderly population has increased, and the aging process is responsible for physical and metabolic changes in the body. For the elderly remain independent, with a better quality of life, preventing and treating diseases responsible for this increased of mortality should remain physically active. Objective: To investigate the influence of two types of exercise intervention on physical fitness and physical activity levels in older practitioners of Rio Claro-SP. Method: The study included 18 older adults with mean age 65.8 years (± 2.88) divided into two groups, Program in Physical Exercises Health Unit (PEFUS, n = 9) and Adapted Volleyball (n = 9). Classes of PEFUS were held twice a week lasting 60 min with strength, aerobic endurance, agility, coordination and balance exercises. Classes of Volleyball Adapted were performed 2 times per week lasting 120 minutes, divided into volleyball fundamental exercises and game. For evaluation of physical skills (strength, agility, coordination and flexibility), was performed the AAHPERD test battery. All participants were assessed at the baseline and after 3 months of interventions. The statistical analysis used was the repeated measures ANOVA, through the SPSS version 17.0 and significance level p <0.05. Result: After the interventions there was an increase of leisure time from 362.2 ± 214.9 min / week and 16.7 ± 28.3 min / week to 541.7 ± 137.2 and 44.4 ± 44.8 min / week to Adapted Volleyball and PEFUS, respectively. The variable coordination showed significant improvements after the interventions, decreasing from 12.1 ± 0.7 to 10.8 ± 0.5 sec for Volleyball Adapted and from 14.8 ± 0.9 to 12.1 ± 0, 9 sec for PEFUS (p <0.05). For the variable strength it was observed a group-moment interaction (p <0.05). Conclusion: The interventions showed positive results... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Análise da vibração para o controle do funcionamento de um ventilador de um sistema de exaustão

This work has as objective to show the vibrational analysis as a method of predictive maintenance as an auxiliar procedure in the fail detection in equipments, most specifically in the rotative ones, and with that help the maintenance team to have conditions to foresee the right time to do the swap of the components of the systems, what would lead to failures. Knowing the exact moment the resources of people and money can be focused in the critic operations to the plant. This technic has been already studied for more then 30 years and was widely used in this work, not only as an equipment condition verification method, but also, after the equipment replacement, was used to prove that the new fan was operating under the best work conditions and with that maintenance could return to contol the vibration level of the equipment, not being necessary any kind of intervention

Transposição de galharia como técnica de restauração de áreas degradadas: uma avaliação da eficiência do método na atração de fauna

O estudo foi realizado numa área degradada pertencente ao campus da UNESP em Rio Claro, e teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência do método de nucleação para recuperação de áreas degradadas do tipo “transposição de galharia” na atração de fauna. As pilhas de galhos podem funcionar como abrigos artificiais, atraindo potenciais dispersores de sementes secundários, o que potencialmente abreviaria o processo de regeneração de um ambiente degradado. O estudo foi feito através do levantamento de pequenos mamíferos por armadilhas de interceptação e queda em quatro parcelas de 2500 m², sendo duas delas com o tratamento (pilhas de galhos), e duas funcionando como controle, e o resultado esperado seria uma maior quantidade de indivíduos capturados e de gêneros taxonômicos nas parcelas com o tratamento. Entretanto, as quantidades totais de indivíduos capturados no bloco das parcelas com tratamento e no bloco das parcelas controle foram, segundo o teste de Mann-Whitman, estatisticamente idênticos. Também a quantidade de gêneros taxonômicos capturados foi igual nos dois blocos. Desta forma, concluímos que o método “transposição de galharia” foi ineficiente neste estudo, da forma como foi empregado, não contribuindo para um aumento na fauna de pequenos roedores e marsupiais. O método pode ter fracassado devido a pequena quantidade de pilhas de galhos utilizados para o tamanho da área, como também pelo recobrimento da área por uma grande quantidade de gramíneas, que podem ter funcionado por si só como abrigo para os animais capturados, além de poderinibir a entrada de outros gêneros de pequenos mamíferos não-voadores. Sugerimos portanto, para o método ser mais eficiente, a colocação de uma maior quantidade de pilhas de galhos do que a utilizada no presente estudo, e elas devem ser maiores. Para ecossistemas que apresentam gramíneas densas e altas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Morfologia e expressão dos MRF’s no músculo esquelético de ratos submetidos a estímulo atrófico e recuperação por treinamento físico

Recent research advances in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the processes of hypertrophy and atrophy. This may contribute to development of effective therapeutic strategies to attenuate or block the loss of muscle tissue associated with aging and pathological conditions. In this context, myogenic factors that control the activity of satellite cells have been studied to better understand the events involved in the recovery of muscle mass. Among them, we highlight the Myogenic Regulatory Factors (MRFs), which have been described as potential mediators of muscle growth. The objectives of this study evaluated the morphofunctional adaptations and gene expression of MRFs (MyoD and myogenin) in skeletal muscle (soleus) subjected to an atrophic stimulus followed by physical training. It was used 64 male Wistar rats (80 days, 250 to 300 g), divided into 8 groups (n = 8): C: control animals a week, I: Animals immobilized a week, C3: control animals 3 days; R3: Animals immobilized and recovered for 3 days, T3: Animals immobilized and submitted to exercise for 3 days; C7: Animals controls 7 days; R7: Animals immobilized and subsequently recovered by 7 days, T7: Animals immobilized and subsequently subjected to exercise for 7 days. Initially, the animals in groups I, R3, R7, T3 and T7, were submitted to 7 days of immobilization of the hind limb. Muscle atrophy was confirmed after a direct statistical comparison of the values of cross-sectional area (CSA) of muscle fibers studied in animals in groups I and C, sacrificed immediately after the immobilization period. Then, the groups T3 and T7 were submitted a rehabilitation program with muscle aerobic exercise (swimming) for 3 and 7 days respectively. The groups C, C3 and C7 were kept without stimulus atrophic and were not subjected to exercise. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrified and the soleus muscle removed. The quantitative analysis of gene expression ...

Estudo de placas com várias condições de contorno e de carregamento através do método dos elementos de contorno

Even today tables are used in the calculation of structures formed by flat elements, these methods are acceptable only for a limited number of cases, but even so, in some situations, tables are used. With time some methods of differential equations resolutions were emerging and accepted as the most effective solution. Today, with the advancement in technology, there are already some programs able to solve more complex problems in less time using these methods. Aiming to optimize time and better understand the physical behavior of plates, this work presents the theory of plate, the Boundary Element Method (BEM) applied to solve problems of plates (slabs) with various boundary conditions and load through the program Placas2 (TAGUTI, Y.-2010) in Fortran language

Dosimetria Física e Controle de Qualidade em Radioterapia

Radiotherapy is a multidisciplinary speciality which uses complex equipment and radiation sources for delivery of treatment, using high-energy ionizing radiation to treat cancer at several stages of complexity. Since radiation therapy is a technique which involves a precalculated radiation dose, it shall be established quality assurance programs that provide an efficient and safety treatment. The International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) report No. 50 has recommended dose uniformity between 5% of the prescribed dose throughout the region of interest. This is one of the most primordial points that justify the importance of a suitable attendance of the equipments quality and performance. For quality control, the medical physicist will be involved with establishing and running a Quality Control Program (QCP). He must adapt or develop the procedures of equipment acceptance and commissioning, besides verifying the use of principles and accepted protocols of national and international reports to assure the correct quality, quantity, and placement of radiation during the performance of a radiological procedure, establishing adequate protocols to ensure accurate patient dosimetry. This present work consists of a description of the activities carried through the Sectors of Radiation Therapy of the Hospital of Clinics of the Campinas State University (Unicamp), particularly in the implementation of the Quality Control Program

Estudo da estabilidade dinâmica e controle da aeronave AF-X da equipe AeroFEG

The present work aims to study the stability and control of the aircraft AF-X of AeroFEG team for AeroDesign to contribute with it in developing its theoretical project report for the competition and present the shortcomings of stability that it might measures for the practical test. In the first moment, it was presented forces and motion of the aircraft, so to define the equations of motion. After the equations of motion were calculated, the transfer functions were found and the aircraft response was analyzed under longitudinal stability and lateral-directional. We obtained responses from the aircraft and through the method of Root Locus the gains required to improve responses and reduce the overshoot, finally some changes and improvements for increased stability have been addressed. The study covered all the motions and control surfaces of the aircraft, showing the characteristics and behavior of the front disruptions, as well as opportunities for gains and improvementsThe present work aims to study the stability and control of the aircraft AF-X of AeroFEG team for AeroDesign to contribute with it in developing its theoretical project report for the competition and present the shortcomings of stability that it might measures for the practical test. In the first moment, it was presented forces and motion of the aircraft, so to define the equations of motion. After the equations of motion were calculated, the transfer functions were found and the aircraft response was analyzed under longitudinal stability and lateral-directional. We obtained responses from the aircraft and through the method of Root Locus the gains required to improve responses and reduce the overshoot, finally some changes and improvements for increased stability have been addressed. The study covered all the motions and control surfaces of the aircraft, showing the characteristics and behavior of the front disruptions, as well as opportunities for gains and improvements

Controle de qualidade em radioterapia: dosimetria de fótons em acelerador linear – Mevatron MXT

The treatment of a tumor with ionizing radiation is an ongoing process with well differentiated stages. These ones include the tumor diagnosis and location, the decision on the treatment strategy, the absorbed dose planning and calculation, the treatment administration, the absorbed dose verification and the evaluation of results in short and long terms. The quality of a radiotherapy procedure is closely linked to factors that may be classified as clinical, such as the diagnosis, the tumor location, the treatment strategy chosen and the continuous treatment reassessment; dosimetric or physical, such as the uncertainty in the dose calculation, its optimization and verification, the suitability of the equipment to provide a radiation beam consistent with the treatment planning; finally, others which are related to the practical application of radiotherapy treatment and the handling of the patient. In order to analyze the radiotherapy quality, one should realize that the three aspects (medical, physical or dosimetric and practical application) should be considered in a combined way. This means that numerous actions of the radiotherapists, medical physicists and technicians in radiotherapy should be held jointly and their knowledge level will significantly affect the treatment quality. In this study, the main physical parameters used in dosimetry are defined as well as determined experimentally for a linear accelerator Mevatron - MXT. With this, it is intended to provide recommendations for the physical aspects of Quality Assurance (QA) in the radiotherapy treatments, and these will usually be applied by professionals in Medical Physics. In addition to these instructions, it is recommended that additional texts are prepared to address in detail the clinical aspects of the treatments QA

Efeito do treinamento físico aeróbio sobre o sistema cardiovascular, concentrações de nitrito/nitrato e a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes em adultos

O aumento do estresse oxidativo tem sido positivamente associado às doenças cardiometabólicas, como hipertensão arterial. Por outro lado, o exercício físico aeróbio de moderada intensidade promove efeitos benéficos tanto na prevenção quanto no tratamento das doenças cardiometabólicas. Os efeitos benéficos estão relacionados à maior produção de óxido nítrico (NO) e/ou sua maior biodisponibilidade e aumento na expressão de enzimas antioxidantes. Sendo assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi analisar o efeito do treinamento físico aeróbio (TFA) na intensidade da máxima fase estável de lactato (MFEL) sobre parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios e cardiovasculares, atividade de enzimas antioxidantes superóxido dismutase (SOD) e catalase, e concentração de nitrito/nitrato (NOx-) e malondialdeído (MDA) em adultos acima dos 40 anos de idade. Fizeram parte do estudo 55 voluntários normotensos (NT – 49,7±0,6 anos) e 32 voluntários hipertensos (HT – 52,7±1,1 anos). O desenho experimental foi realizado através do ensaio clínico controlado cruzado por dezesseis semanas. Os voluntários permaneceram oito semanas sem a realização de TFA, sendo realizadas avaliações antes (período inicial – PI) e após esse período (período intermediário – PINT). Nas oito semanas seguintes todos foram submetidos a 3 sessões/semana de TFA na intensidade da MFEL em esteira ergométrica e após foi novamente realizada a avaliação (período final – PF). As avaliações consistiram de medições da pressão arterial (PA) de repouso (método auscultatório), frequência cardíaca (FC) de repouso e exercício (Polar® - RSX-800CX), testes de VO2 máximo (teste de 1 milha) e coletas de sangue (12 horas de jejum noturno). Amostras de plasma e soro foram utilizadas para análises da atividade da SOD, catalase, concentrações NOx- e MDA. O protocolo para determinação da MFEL foi de acordo com Beneke et al (2003). Para análise estatística foi...

Estudo de caso de controle estatístico de processo: levantamento estatístico de defeitos em molduras

This graduate work approaches the study of Statistical Process Control - SPC, in a stage production of an industrial frame, aiming to use the tool of statistical process control (SPC) to assess the process capability. Where the process needs improvement as well not meet the specifications. Assessing the needs that the company needs to improve quality management, and the difficulties they present during the implementation of the CEP. The present study is to use the method of case study. The results are presented through study of the level of defects using Pareto diagrams and control chart by - (p) fraction defective, and checking the capacity and stability of the process using control charts and histograms XbarraR. The process demonstrated the need for improvements in process and quality management. At the end of the work are presented suggestions for improving the quality system of the company

Gestão ambiental aplicada a prevenção, controle e recuperação de erosão linear acelerada no município de Ipeúna-SP

The erosion is a natural process of detachment, transport and deposition of soil and rock particles from one place to another. Human activities with no previous planning may accelerate this process, causing several damages to the environment and to society. In order to control the acceleration of these erosion processes caused by humans, prevention and improvement initiatives emerge. Regarding works which interfere directly in some of the natural resources, these initiatives must respect the intrinsic physical properties of the area of interest, if they aim to obtain effective results. Based on this scenario, this work proposes a few methods of accelerated linear erosion prevention, control and recovery in a specific area of the municipal district of Ipeúna (SP). For that matter, this study is based on a method of physiographic compartmentalization of the area, considering and integrating soil, relief, geology and the use and land cover properties of the study area. Plus, a flowchart with general orientations regarding management of eroded areas was produced, focused on the control and recovery of linear erosion. The result demonstrates the importance of careful erosion control, respecting the physical properties of each physiographic unit. The vegetative and mechanical conservationists methods, and the discipline of water flow, have found wide applicability in the study area.

Processo de fabricação de tarugos pelo método HotTop de ligas de alumínio da série 6XXX e as não conformidades desse processamento

The goal of this work is to report some problems that occur in the in the production of aluminum billets (series 6XXX) produced by the hot top process in the Alcoa aluminum Inc. The aluminum fabrication process is described from its first stage, since the mining until the reduction, smelting and treatment of the metal. One of the plant’s final product, are billets for clients that produce profiles by extrusion. The product’s final quality highly depends on the whole production process. Therefore it’s necessary to use good practices in the treatment of the metal, follow up its fabrication and control its thermal treatment, in order to meet the required standards to satisfy the clients. The billet’s production method and its variables will be detailed through temperature and casting speed, cone of water flow, cooling rate, duration of thermal treatment, degassing and metal “in line “filtering, in other words when it’s still found in its liquid state. The non-conformities of the process were studied by metallographic analysis, both macrostutural and microstructural that will be described and discussed in this work