Desenvolvimento, validação e confiabilidade de uma escala de dor aguda pós-operatória em bovinos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Air versus saline in the loss of resistance technique for identification of the epidural space

BackgroundThe success of epidural anaesthesia depends on correct identification of the epidural space. For several decades, the decision of whether to use air or physiological saline during the loss of resistance technique for identification of the epidural space has been governed by the personal experience of the anaesthesiologist. Epidural block remains one of the main regional anaesthesia techniques. It is used for surgical anaesthesia, obstetrical analgesia, postoperative analgesia and treatment of chronic pain and as a complement to general anaesthesia. The sensation felt by the anaesthesiologist from the syringe plunger with loss of resistance is different when air is compared with saline (fluid). Frequently fluid allows a rapid change from resistance to non-resistance and increased movement of the plunger. However, the ideal technique for identification of the epidural space remains unclear.ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of both air and saline in the loss of resistance technique for identification of the epidural space.To evaluate complications related to the air or saline injected.Search methodsWe searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (2013, Issue 9), MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Information Database (LILACS) (from inception to September 2013). We applied no language restrictions. The date of the most recent search was 7 September 2013.Selection criteriaWe included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-randomized controlled trials (quasi-RCTs) on air and saline in the loss of resistance technique for identification of the epidural space.Data collection and analysisTwo review authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data.Main resultsWe included in the review seven studies with a total of 852 participants. The methodological quality of the included studies was generally ranked as showing low risk of bias inmost domains, with the exception of one study, which did not mask participants. We were able to include data from 838 participants in the meta-analysis. We found no statistically significant differences between participants receiving air and those given saline in any of the outcomes evaluated: inability to locate the epidural space (three trials, 619 participants) (risk ratio (RR) 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.33 to 2.31, low-quality evidence); accidental intravascular catheter placement (two trials, 223 participants) (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.33 to 2.45, low-quality evidence); accidental subarachnoid catheter placement (four trials, 682 participants) (RR 2.95, 95% CI 0.12 to 71.90, low-quality evidence); combined spinal epidural failure (two trials, 400 participants) (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.44 to 2.18, low-quality evidence); unblocked segments (five studies, 423 participants) (RR 1.66, 95% CI 0.72 to 3.85); and pain measured by VAS (two studies, 395 participants) (mean difference (MD) -0.09, 95% CI -0.37 to 0.18). With regard to adverse effects, we found no statistically significant differences between participants receiving air and those given saline in the occurrence of paraesthesias (three trials, 572 participants) (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.15); difficulty in advancing the catheter (two trials, 227 participants) (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.32 to 2.56); catheter replacement (two trials, 501 participants) (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.26 to 1.83); and postdural puncture headache (one trial, 110 participants) (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.12 to 5.71).Authors' conclusionsLow-quality evidence shows that results do not differ between air and saline in terms of the loss of resistance technique for identification of the epidural space and reduction of complications. Applicability might be compromised, as most of the results described in this review were obtained from parturient patients. This review underlines the need to conduct well-designed trials in this field.

Evaluation of cardiorespiratory and biochemical effects of ketamine-propofol and guaifenesin-ketamine-xylazine anesthesia in donkeys (Equus asinus)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Validation of the UNESP-Botucatu unidimensional composite pain scale for assessing postoperative pain in cattle

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The Humidity in a Drager Primus Anesthesia Workstation Using Low or High Fresh Gas Flow and With or Without a Heat and Moisture Exchanger in Pediatric Patients

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estrutura e função de peptídeos policatiônicos de Apis mellifera

Os venenos de animais são bastante estudados devido a um interesse industrial e comercial, pois sua composição é rica em moléculas de importância farmacológica. Os peptídeos presentes nesses venenos apresentam características diversas, como antibiose, analgesia, propriedades antiinflamatórias, vasoconstritora, entre outras. Para caracterização dos componentes peptídicos presentes no veneno de Apis mellifera, primeiramente o veneno foi extraído e filtrado para remoção de eventuais impurezas e depois submetido à cromatografia em HPLC com coluna de fase reversa, que gerou um perfil cromatográfico com 29 picos, dos quais os 3 mais abundantes apresentaram características peptídicas, confirmadas por espectrometria de massas e seqüenciamento. Além disso, a cromatografia de íons totais mostrou que esse veneno apresenta 123 compostos peptídicos, alguns com massas relacionadas aos já conhecidos, porém com diversos compostos de massas diferentes dos compostos já descritos na literatura. A partir deste estudo, detectou-se a presença da Melitina como componente peptídico majoritário no veneno de abelha, além da Secapina, que será caracterizada por estudos em andamento

Uso de morfina em gatos: prós e contras

The cat population is increasing more and more, and with it the concern about the treatment for pain in these animals. Although better treated for pain now, the cats are still less treated than dogs, especially when it comes to opioids such as morphine. It is known that morphine is very effective in the treatment of acute post-surgical pain and is an extremely safe drug. However, in regard to cats, morphine may act differently, due to the deficiency that these animals have in the enzyme responsible for the metabolism of morphine, and may have prolonged effects, toxicity and less analgesia. This drug can cause many adverse effects, but if administered in correct doses and intervals they are rare and there is the possibility of reversal with other drugs

Bloqueios anestésicos perineurais da região distal do membro torácico do equino para diagnóstico em claudicações

This work demonstrates the technique of perineural anesthetic blocks made in the distal forelimb of the horse, and also covers aspects relating to the interpretation of the results obtained with the procedure. The limit of the subject the distal forelimb of horses is explained by the distribution of common lameness, being more frequent in this region. The procedure is intended to provide analgesia to a region of the limb, causing the animal to stop limping or decrease the intensity of claudication temporarily, since this region is responsible for the claudication, allowing thus, the likely location of the lesion, which may be investigated by other helper methods to confirm the diagnosis. Besides the description of the technique, were approached concerning aspects to the location of the anatomical structures involved, materials needed, cares with the animals, and possible complications from the procedure

Análise da prática de meditação em duas escolas do município de Rio Claro - SP

Nowadays, meditation had become larger than the mystic’s scope, entering the academy through the scientific interest in this topic. Results documented for so many centuries or the experienced monks that practice meditation for a long time are the aims for researches that want, ultimately, establish the real effects of such techniques upon the human body. Research has gone far, and many effects can be evaluated using more precise methods, specially in the medical field and neuroscience, which had greatly backed up new discoveries about the correlation between the mind, emotions, thoughts and the body, making so that mediation can walk the therapeutic ways and complementary health with more certainty and reliable results, as it is happening with acupuncture and yoga. Facing a promising scenario in the correlation between meditation and life’s quality, well being sensation and happiness, there is the possibility of using it in schools, since because of the difficulties and present challenges, those factors are not commonly associated with the acts of teaching and learning, and acupuncture and Yoga have more restrictions because of their own limitations of time and space necessary for their wide application. Therefore, the current study focused on contextualizing the meditation’s fundaments in the scientific perspective, and apply it, even if qualitatively, in two schools of Rio Claro municipality, researching 57 students from Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA). Therefore, it was chosen only one meditation tecnique to be applied on the treatment group. As for the control group, it perfomed normal breathing, i.e., without tecniques. The differences were then analyzed through the filmings of all the sessions of the meetings, counting the number of movements and the agitation among the students for the two groups. Another method of analysis was forms filled by both groups and the presence in a meeting at Unesp – Rio Claro. At the end,...

Investigação da participação de adrenoceptores α1 no efeito antinociceptivo da amitriptilina em um modelo de dor neuropática

Tricyclic antidepressants, such as amitriptyline, are inhibitors of serotonin and norepinephrine neuronal reuptake and this action has been implied in changes in pain threshold supporting its use to alleviate neuropathic pain. Although is known that 1 adrenoceptors participate in the antinociceptive effect of amitriptyline it is unclear which receptor subtype is the target for the increased synaptic levels of norepinephrine resultant from the inhibition of neuronal uptake. Paradoxically, several tricyclic antidepressants including amitriptyline also behave as antagonists of 1 adrenoceptors with different affinities for its subtypes: these drugs have 10 to 100-fold higher affinities for 1A than for 1B and 1D adrenoceptors. This work investigated the involvement of 1 adrenoceptors subtypes in the antinociceptive effect of the amitriptyline in a constriction of the sciatic nerve in rats by determining the effects of subtype selective 1 adrenoceptors antagonists. Fifteen days later, mechanical hyperalgesia was analyzed in a Randall-Selitto test. The 1A-selective antagonist RS100329 was the most potent antagonist of the contractions of the rat prostate, whereas the 1D-selective antagonist BMY 7378 (up to 100g/Kg) was unable to affect these contractions. The antagonist prazosin, BMY 7378 and 5-methyl urapidil inhibited the antinociceptive effect of the amitriptyline. However, the highly selective 1A adrenoceptor antagonist RS100329 was unable to affect the antinociception induced by amitriptyline. These results point out that 1B and/or 1D adrenoceptors, but not 1A, are involved in the antinociceptive effects of amitriptyline

Estudos sobre atividade nociceptiva/antinociceptiva de peptídeos isolados do veneno bruto de abelha Apis mellifera

O veneno bruto de abelha Apis mellifera é composto por uma série de peptídeos, entre eles a melitina, adolapina, procamina A e B, apamina, tertiapina, secapina, peptídeos desgranuladores de mastócitos, entre outros. Estas substâncias apresentam diversos efeitos já estudadas, dentre elas, efeitos antitumorais, atividades hiperalgésicas ou analgésicas, inflamatórias ou anti-inflamatórias. O peptídeo secapina foi descrito há 35 anos atrás e, posteriormente nada mais foi relatado na literatura. Portanto, este é o primeiro trabalho que visa caracterizar o possível efeito hiperalgésico e/ou analgésico, inflamatório e/ou antiinflamatório, bem como analisar alguns dos mecanismos envolvidos nestes fenômenos. Para tanto, para caracterizar os possíveis efeitos hiperalgésicos/analgésicos da secapina, em diversas doses (0,005, 0,35, 1, 2, 10 e 30 μg / 50 μL), foi utilizado o teste de avaliação da sensibilidade dolorosa denominado teste do von Frey eletrônico. Para a caracterização do efeito inflamatório/anti-inflamatório da secapina foi utilizado o paquímetro digital determinando o volume da pata dos animais. Para investigar os possíveis mecanismos envolvidos nestes efeitos, foram realizados tratamentos farmacológicos utilizando indometacina, zileuton e zafirlikaste (inibidores da síntese da via da cicloxigenase, lipoxigenase e antagonista de receptor de leucotrieno, respectivamente). Os resultados mostraram que a secapina, em todas as doses testadas, induziu efeito hiperalgésico a partir dos primeiros 15 minutos após a administração deste peptídeo. Este efeito hiperalgésico persistiu por até 240 minutos nas doses de 0,005 e 0,35 μg/ 50μL e 480 minutos nas doses de 1 e 2 μg/ 50μL. O efeito edematogênico da secapina na dose de 0,35 μg/50 μL foi iniciado nos primeiros 15 minutos após a administração da secapina e persistiu por até 120 minutos, sendo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Associações neuroleptoanalgésicas em equinos

The equine anesthesia is proven to be a high risk procedure, for both patient and anesthetist, compared to other animal species. In these conditions, a good anesthetic protocol that can deliver sedation, making access and manipulation easier, analgesia fair enough to realize cirurgical procedures, and minimal physiologic changes would be ideal. Since there aren’t any drugs suporting all these qualities, the Neuroleptoanalgesic Associations show themselves as a valuable technique to provide anesthetic quality and safety, possibly diminishing our drug of choice’s doses, therefore offering less fisiological changes and easier monetary access in some cases. This paper objective was to list all these associations found in literature, evaluating their advantages and practical applications

Administração transmucosa oral de analgésicos: eficácia pós-operatória em cadelas

Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária - FCAV

Avaliação da motilidade e do trânsito gastrintestinal de equinos após injeção epidural de morfina ou tramadol

Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária - FCAV

Avaliação da viabilidade de cateter epidural totalmente implantado em equídeos

Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária - FCAV