320 resultados para Suppresseur tumoral


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O remodelamento da matriz extracelular (MEC), um importante componente dos organismos multicelulares, relaciona-se diretamente com o desenvolvimento embrionário, a angiogênese, a morfogênese de órgãos e a formação de cartilagens. Especificamente nos ovários, este remodelamento permite a ocorrência dos diversos eventos observados no ciclo ovariano, a citar: o crescimento folicular, a ovulação e a formação e regressão do corpo lúteo. A reorganização tecidual advinda destes eventos é regulada, em parte, pela ação de enzimas proteolíticas conhecidas como metaloproteinases de matriz (MMPs) e de seus inibidores (TIMPs e RECK) (revisado por Curry et al., 2003). Atualmente, o remodelamento da MEC pelo sistema MMPs/TIMPs é fortemente correlacionado com a expressão de alguns genes, tais como o gene Basigin (BSG), que induz a expressão de MMPs durante o ciclo ovariano em ratos (Smedts et al., 2005), ou o gene SPARC, que modula a expressão do TGF-β, fator de crescimento este associado ao aumento da agressividade tumoral (Podhajcer et al., 2008). A expressão do gene RECK foi descrita em diversos processos de remodelamento tecidual fisiológicos. Porém, uma diminuição em sua expressão, juntamente com o aumento na expressão das MMPs, tem sido associada com tumores mais agressivos e metastáticos (Meng et al., 2008). No entanto, apesar de RECK e SPARC estarem amplamente associados com remodelamento tecidual em diversas patologias, ainda não foi descrita a associação destes com remodelamento tecidual promovido pelo sistema MMPs/TIMPs que ocorre naturalmente durante a dinâmica ovariana. Considerando este quadro, o trabalho aqui proposto tem por objetivo analisar a expressão gênica de algumas MMPs- (-2, -9, -13, -14 e -19), e alguns de seus inibidores (TIMPs -1, -2, e -3 e RECK) e correlacioná-la com a expressão de SPARC e BSG durante a foliculogênese ovariana de ratas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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It is believed that epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation are important for the tumorigenesis and maintenance of the altered state of tumor cells. DNA methylation occurs by the addition of a methyl group to carbon 5 of cytosine, catalyzed by the enzyme DNA methyl-transferase, which can change the expression of a gene, including the tumor suppressor genes. In human squamous cell carcinoma, several features have shown the etiological role of genes in tumor development. Among them, FOXE1 gene (forkhead box E1 - thyroid transcription factor) is presented with an important role in susceptibility to disease. Similarly the FOXE1 methylation pattern could alter the expression of this gene in dogs and predisposed to tumor on. Therefore, this study aims to investigate in dogs, the validity of the strategy employed in humans to analyze the FOXE1 methylation status. DNA extraction from fresh frozen tumoral samples was performed by Wizard Genomic® DNA Purification Kit. The methylation status was determined by MSP-PCR (methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction), using 2.0 ng of DNA treated with sodium bisulphate. One hundred micrograms of bisulphite-modified DNA was amplified using primers specific for either methylated or unmethylated DNA (primers sequences are available at http://pathology2.jhu.edu/pancreas/primer.pdf). The analysis of fragments was loaded on to 7% polyacrylamide gels and silver nitrate staining. In this stage of technical approach, 60% were FOXE1 hypermethylated. In conclusion, it was observed that the standard technique for assessing the methylation pattern of gene FOXE1 in humans can be used for the same evaluation in dogs. The correlation of these molecular data with clinical and histopathological parameters may have diagnostic and prognostic value and still be used as a tumor marker for therapeutic decision and surgical approach

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Radiotherapy is a branch of medical physics related to the treatment of malignant neoplasm, being an important instrument in the fight against cancer, when combined with the effort of a multidisciplinary team, composed of, physicians, physicists, nurses and technicians. Every year more than 3.5 million new cases of cancer are recorded in the world, being the prostate cancer responsible for approximately 25% of this amount (INCA and IARC, 2008). In this type of cancer, radiotherapy is a method indicated for treatement. The technological advance in this area over years has allowed a greater accuracy in the tumor location, more conformation of the radiation beam around the tumor, reducing the dose in healthy tissues and a consequent dose increase on treatment (Bedford et al., 1999). A radiotherapy planning, in which the physicist develops an important role, is composed of several steps, including choosing the best configuration of treatment beams. This choice has a close relationship with success of therapy and is critical to achieve the best distribution of dose inside the tumor and expose the least as possible the healthy tissue to radiation. In this work, two options for setting up camps in the first phase in a treatment of prostate cancer were simulated in computer planning: 4 fields orthogonal or “Box” with gantry angles in 00, 1800, 2700 e 90° and 4 fields angled or “X” (1350, 450, 3150 e 2250). The percentage of the rectal volume exposed to 40, 50, 60, 72 and 76 Gy should be limited to 60, 50, 25, 15 and 5% respectively (Greco et al., 2003). The femoral toxicity have limited dose by 70% of the total dose prescribed in a prostate treatment (Bedford et al., 1999). The planning of 27 patients with prostate adenocarcinoma submitted to 3D conformal radiotherapy were accompanied. As a result, it was assessed that the best TCP (tumor control probability)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a technique used to treat several types of lesions, such as cancer, microbial control, and esthetic dentistry cases. The performance of PDT involves the use of a photosensitizer (PS), which mainly will be located in cancer cells and is irradiated with visible light. This process, when it occurs in the presence of oxygen triggers the formation of reactive oxygen species that are cytotoxic to cells. These species cause cell death and subsequent tumor necrosis. The use of white light as a light source for multispectral Photodynamic Therapy and its consequences to the photodynamic effect is not yet completely established, and therefore there is interest in studying the parameters involved for analyzing the best conditions for applying treatment. The wavelength is crucial to improve the therapeutic effect, since both the optical properties of the biological tissue as the PS depend on these parameters. For FS studied in this work (Photogem®) are most often used wavelengths in the red region, due to their larger penetration depth in biological tissue. Thus, the light source becomes a fundamental aspect, their choice depends on the specific application and is based on the tumor location, light dose to be delivered and FS chosen. Despite all the advantages presented by lasers, the fact of having an emission spectrum essentially monochrome makes only one possible transition possible for the absorption of FS is used. Therefore, more extensive light sources such as light emitting diodes (LED), could be better used in some cases the laser, with the additional advantage of a reduced cost. Therefore, the choice of the white LED comes from an emission spectrum that still wider LED colors defined by allowing greater use of the several absorption bands and with varying depths of operation, according to the wavelength... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), is an environmental Gram-positive spore-forming bacterium that produces crystalline parasporal protein (Cry) during sporulation. The inclusions often exhibit strong and specific insecticidal activity, making Bt an agent for agricultural controlling insects pest, mites, protozoa and nematodes. Recent studies reported that some of these Crys do not show cytotoxicity against insects but they are capable to kill some human and animal cancer cells. These proteins were denominated parasporins (PS). However, antitumor activity of Bt parasporin on the development of murine colorectal cancer (CT-26), are not well studies and these are no reports on the in vivo effect of these proteins. Thus, the present study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo anti-tumoral activity of Bt parasporin against the murine colorectal cancer line CT-26. Therefore, Balb/c mice were s.c. inoculated with CT-26 cells and weekly treated with parasporin (i.p.) pre-activated by enzymatic digestion with trypsin or proteinase K. Our results have shown, for the first time, that despite the anti-tumor activity in vitro, parasporin crystals couldn’t combat tumor growth in vivo. Instead, this protein was highly toxic, affecting the liver and spleen, with possible effect on other organs, decreasing the survival of treated animals. The results indicate the need for studies to better detoxification or manipulation of parasporin for therapeutic use and new studies for analysis of toxicological effects of repetitive exposure of farmers to this toxin

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Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy specific syndrome characterized by a systemic inflammatory response, with higher intensity than that observed in normal pregnancy. Cells of the immune system, such as monocytes and granulocytes are endogenously activated and secrete high levels of free radicals and inflammatory cytokines. The objective of this study was to assess the activation state of monocytes from pregnant women with preeclampsia by endogenous expression of TLR2 e TLR4 receptors and to correlate the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 on monocytes surface of pregnant women with PE with the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- and interleukin-10 (IL-10) by these cells stimulated or not with peptidoglycan (PG) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as agonists agents of TLR2 and TLR4, respectively. We evaluated 15 pregnant women with PE, 15 normotensive pregnant women (NT) and 15 non-pregnant (NP). Peripheral blood monocytes were incubates in the presence or absence of LPS or PG. The supernatant obtained after 18h of culture was aspirated and used for TNF- and IL-10 determination by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). The endogenous expression of TLR2 and TLR4 receptors was evaluated by flow cytometry. Our results showed significant highly concentrations of TNF- and TLR4 expression in monocytes of preeclamptic women when compared with NT and NP. Normal pregnant women presented higher levels of IL-10 in comparison with PE and NP groups. TLR2 expression was similar in the three groups studied. Therefore, our study highlights the important role of TLR4 in PE and the consequent high production of TNF- by monocytes of these patients, as well as the potential mechanism involving low levels of IL-10 in the pathophysiology of the disease. These observations demonstrate the strong link between the pathology of PE and the immune system of these patients

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Uterine leiomyomas (UL) are benign smooth muscle tumors from myometrium, representing the major indication for hysterectomies and a significant public health problem. Several genetics alterations have been associated with its development and pathogenesis. Although the initial factors that lead to the development of uterine leiomyomas are unclear, there are several evidences showing that ovarian steroids, estrogen and progesterone, are associated with these tumors.Recent reports, however, show others genes related with distinct signalization pathways besides sex hormones, which may be or not activated by these hormones, are associated with uterine leiomyomas development. In this study, the AHR, ESR1, ESR2, PGR and WNT7A gene transcripts expression was evaluated using quantitative real time RT-PCR in 58 UL samples compared to five normal myometrium tissues to explore the hormonal molecular basis of these tumors and associate these expression pattern with clinical and pathological features. The present study showed AHR, ESR1, ESR2, PGR and WNT7A down expression in 60%, 43%, 52%, 60% e 40% of the tumors, respectively, and a significant AHR loss of expression compared with the controls samples (P=0.0130). The comparison between the genes expression values revealed a positive correlation between the AHR and ESR1 transcripts (P<0.0001; r=0.6911) and between the genes ESR1 and WNT7A (P<0.0001; r=0.5655). The expression pattern was compared with clinical and pathological features. The WNT7A gene presented a differential expression pattern between the proliferative and secretory phase of menstrual cycle (P=0.0373) and the AHR and ESR1 genes were differentially expressed between women in reproductive and menopause years (P=0.0267; P=0.0415, respectively). The ESR1 and WNT7A down regulation was statistically ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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O câncer, manifestação originada pelo crescimento descontrolado de células, afeta milhões de indivíduos. Os macrófagos são as primeiras células a serem ativadas para participar de uma resposta imunológica propriamente dita, são células capazes de secretar mais de cem produtos biologicamente ativos, entre esses, espécies reativas de nitrogênio e citocinas que atuam no contexto da resposta imunológica e/ou inflamatória. Sabendo que compostos de paládio (II) podem apresentar potenciais atividades antitumorais, neste trabalho foram testado os compostos de fórmula geral PdI2 (tdmPz) e Pd (SCN)2 (tdmPz), quanto a atividade anti-inflamatória e antitumoral. Como droga padrão das reações realizadas foi utilizada a cisplatina. Foi determinada a ação destes compostos frente ao sistema imunológico através, de ensaios de determinação de índice de citotoxicidade mediano (IC50) pela técnica de MTT, óxido nítrico (NO) e determinação das citocinas pró-inflamatórias TNF- e IL-12. Além disso, foi determinada a atividade antitumoral dos compostos frente à célula tumoral de Ehrlich. Os resultados não mostraram produção de NO e das citocinas IL-12 e TNF- pelos macrófagos peritoneais de animais normais e animais portadores do tumor de Ehrlich na sua forma sólida. No que se referem à atividade tóxica dos compostos testados, estes mostraram efeito citotóxico sobre os macrófagos e sobre a linhagem tumoral testada. Sendo assim mesmo não havendo a produção de mediadores próinflamatórios, os compostos apresentaram uma considerável citotoxicidade frente às células tumorais de Ehrlich e macrófagos peritoneais

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O termo câncer refere-se a um conjunto de doenças que atingem e matam milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo. Esta doença é caracterizada pela proliferação descontrolada de células que não respondem mais aos estímulos externos e internos que controlam a proliferação, diferenciação e morte celular. O aumento da expectativa de vida da população é um dos fatores que contribuem para a crescente incidência de câncer no mundo já que o desenvolvimento desta doença está relacionado com o envelhecimento do organismo. O câncer é a segunda maior causa de morte na população mundial e diante de tal índice, fica clara a necessidade de desenvolvimento de novos quimioterápicos. Cerca de 60% das drogas anticâncer são derivadas de produtos naturais, demonstrando assim o grande potencial destes produtos no desenvolvimento de novas drogas anticâncer. Este projeto teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade anticâncer dos extratos brutos e frações obtidas da espécie vegetal Croton urucurana Bailon. Os extratos brutos diclorometânico (EBD) e etanólico (EBE) foram avaliados em ensaio de citotoxicidade in vitro em cultura de células tumorais humanas. Os dois extratos apresentaram atividade in vitro, porém somente o EBD foi submetido ao processo cromatográfico de fracionamento, sendo as frações obtidas deste processo submetidas ao teste antiproliferativo in vitro. O EBD também foi utilizado para avaliar sua atividade em modelo de tumor sólido de Ehrlich. Neste teste, esse extrato apresentou inibição do crescimento tumoral apenas com a menor dose. Como o EBE também apresentou atividade antiproliferativa in vitro, é importante dar continuidade aos estudos com este extrato, com o objetivo de avaliar sua atividade em modelos experimentais in vivo

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A busca pela identificação de fatores que possam apontar o diagnóstico, a resposta terapêutica e sobrevida dos pacientes portadores de neoplasias ósseas tem sido incessante. Poderá ser de grande valia na escolha da proposta terapêutica presumir a agressividade tumoral, capacidade de invasão tecidual, propensão ao desenvolvimento de metástases e resposta ao tratamento. As neoplasias ósseas constituem um grupo heterogêneo de tumores, considerando-se os sítios anatômicos e a etiologia. Existe uma grande dificuldade para se estabelecer o prognóstico nestas patologias. Estudos citogenéticos possibilitam um melhor conhecimento antecipado dessas doenças. Embora fatores ambientais e dietéticos contribuam para a etiologia do câncer, as neoplasias se originam de um processo de múltiplos passos envolvendo alterações de genes e seleção clonal da progênie variante. Estas mutações ocorrem em classes de genes reguladores da proliferação celular como os oncogenes, genes supressores de tumor, fatores de crescimento, vias de sinalização e genes de reparo de DNA. Este projeto tem por objetivo detectar e descrever alterações cromossômicas consistentes e recorrentes através da utilização da citogenética clássica e o seu envolvimento no prognóstico em neoplasias ósseas, de pacientes do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP. Os conhecimentos sobre a biologia molecular melhoram o entendimento sobre os múltiplos aspectos da carcinogênese. Entretanto, embora, as perspectivas permaneçam, não houve até agora benefícios significativos em termos de prevenção, diagnóstico tratamento e seguimento dos pacientes com lesões ósseas. Este projeto visa estudos na tentativa de contribuir para um melhor entendimento e, por conseqüência, gerar dados para posteriores empregos em terapias mais eficazes para melhorar as taxas de sobrevida e beneficiar maior número de pacientes com neoplasias ósseas

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A anemia falciforme é uma doença genética caracterizada por uma anemia hemolítica crônica e fenômenos vaso-oclusivos, que levam a crises dolorosas e à lesão tecidual crônica e progressiva. Tem sido relatado que pacientes com anemia falciforme apresentam aumento dos níveis circulantes de citocinas, incluindo fator de necrose tumoral-α (TNF-α). O principal fármaco utilizado no tratamento dessa anemia é a hidroxiuréia (HU), fonte exógena de óxido nítrico (NO) e responsável pela inibição da agregação de plaquetas e aumento dos níveis de hemoglobina fetal (HbF). Trabalhos prévios têm demonstrado a importância da subunidade 1,2,5-oxadiazol-N-óxido como doadora de óxido nítrico. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo sintetizar um novo derivado híbrido do 1,2,5-oxadiol-N-óxido para a formação de um composto útil para o tratamento dos processos preventivos contra agregação plaquetária exacerbado em pacientes falciformes

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Medical Physics has been reaching an important role among several lines in Science, providing means for the improvement of several theories and procedures. Currently, its main application is related with the use of ionizing radiations, specially, in treatment procedures such as Radiotherapy. Radiosurgery is a Radiotherapy technique which consists in administering a single tumoricidal dose of radiation exclusively to the tumorous lesion. It becomes then an interesting alternative to surgical treatment, mainly in cerebral metastases, which are the most frequent cerebral tumors in the central nervous system. The radio neurosurgical team works out a planning for the Radiosurgery treatment, aiming for obtaining an appropriate ideal treatment for each case. For the working out of this treatment planning, Computed Tomography images of the region to be treated are obtained, digitalized and later, fused with nuclear magnetic resonance images. Through these images, critical structures, organs at risk and lesions are localized. After this, calculations are made to determine three-dimensional positions of isocenters, isodose curves, prescribed dose, collimators sizes, position, numbers and respective weight of isocentric conformal fields, and others. The treatment planning is commonly based in desired levels of dose for specific types of tumors and organs at risk concerning the irradiated region. Theses levels of dose are chosen in a way that a high probability of cure may be achieved and meanwhile, that the probability of complications, in whichever organ at risk, may be minimal. Thus, many researches have been carried out, showing that mathematical techniques may help to obtain an optimal planning for the treatment of cerebral metastases. Among the methods of optimization in the study...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV