Fontes de proteína em suplementos múltiplos para bovinos em pastejo no período das águas

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do fornecimento, no período das águas, de suplementos formulados com diferentes fontes de proteína sobre os parâmetros nutricionais de bovinos de corte em recria. Foram utilizados cinco novilhos mestiços Holandês × Zebu com peso vivo médio inicial de 300 kg, fistulados no esôfago e no rúmen, distribuídos em cinco piquetes de Brachiaria decumbens de 0,3 ha, em delineamento quadrado latino incompleto (5 × 5), com quatro períodos e cinco tratamentos, em quatro períodos experimentais de 14 dias. Como tratamentos, avaliaram-se suplementos à base de farelo de soja (FS), farelo de algodão (FA, 38% PB), farelo de glúten de milho (FGM, 60% PB) e farelo de trigo + uréia (FTU) e um tratamento testemunha, constituído apenas de mistura mineral (MM). A quantidade diária de suplemento fornecida foi fixada para fornecer aproximadamente 180 g de PB/dia. As fontes protéicas afetaram apenas o consumo de carboidratos não-fibrosos (CNF) e o de PB, que foi maior quando fornecido o suplemento à base de farelo de algodão e menor quando fornecida a mistura mineral. Não houve efeito das fontes protéicas sobre as digestibilidades total e parcial dos nutrientes. O pH e os níveis de nitrogênio amoniacal do líquido ruminal (N-NH3) não foram influenciados pelas fontes protéicas avaliadas, mas todos os valores mantiveram-se nos limites favoráveis à digestão da forragem. As fontes de proteína não afetaram a eficiência microbiana, em média 9,96 g PBmic/100g NDT, nem as concentrações de nitrogênio uréico no plasma (NUP), média de 12,78 mg/dL, e a excreção de nitrogênio na urina (NUr), média de 63,14 g/dia.

Qualidade de carnes provenientes de cortes da carcaça de cordeiros e de ovinos adultos

Com o objetivo de estudar as características qualitativas da carne de ovinos de diferentes categorias quanto aos músculos dos cortes da carcaça (paleta, lombo e perna), utilizaram-se 18 ovinos ½ Ile de France ½ Ideal (seis cordeiros não-castrados, seis ovelhas de descarte e seis machos adultos castrados). Os animais foram criados em pasto de capim-tifton 85 e receberam suplementação (concentrado). Os cordeiros foram abatidos aos 32 kg, com aproximadamente 5 meses de idade, e as ovelhas e os machos adultos castrados, com 55 kg e aos 60 meses de idade. Não houve diferenças nos valores de pH 45 minutos e pH 24 horas entre as categorias animais e nos músculos dos cortes da carcaça. A idade de abate influenciou a luminosidade da carne de todos os músculos. O teor de vermelho não diferiu entre os animais adultos, mas foi superior aos valores obtidos na carne dos cordeiros. A carne de animais adultos é mais escura que a de cordeiros. As perdas por cocção no músculo Triceps brachii são maiores que no Longissimus lumborum e Semimembranosus. Os valores de pH e a capacidade de retenção de água são similares entre as categorias animais.

Predição de frações digestíveis e valor energético de subprodutos agrícolas e agroindustriais para bovinos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeito da niacina e da monensina sódica no desempenho de novilhos em confinamento

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation of combined and single monensin and niacin on the productive performance of crossbred young bulls (european/zebu) aged 11 months and initial average liveweight of 248 kg. The experimental design was a factorial randomized arrangement. The treatments were: T1-check, T2-niacin, T3-monensin and T4-niacin+monensin. All the treatments were isoproteic (11 %CP) and isoenergetic (78% TDN), composed of 57.3% roughage and 42.7% concentrate (soybean meal, maize, minerals and buffer). Data was collected over a period of 85 days, with liveweight measured every 28 days. It was conclued that, for this diet, the single supplementation of niacin does not increase the performance of bulls, and therefor it is not recommended. However, the ionophore monensin, single or on in combination with niacin, improves the performance of the animals up to 56 days of feedlot.

Estudos hídricos com substratos vegetais para cultivo de orquídeas epífitas

Different growing media were compared as to water adsorption and water loss, at Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil, through a three-year period. The objective was to recommend substrates other than tree fern fiber for cultivation of epiphytic orchids. Two treatments of each substrate were used in each sampling: materials stored in laboratory (without use) and materials exposed to conditions of orchid cultivation under laths (used). Generally, the substrates without use adsorbed less water than used substrates. When materials without use were compared, the tree fern fiber retained initially the greatest quantity of water and the blocks of pressed coconut bark, the smallest. However, these blocks gained a great capacity of water adsorption after being used. Charcoal added to the growing media did not cause significant alterations in the studied characteristics. In terms of water relations, the best growing media to substitute the tree fern fiber were composed by blocks of pressed coconut bark or by mixtures of this material with charcoal or Eucalyptus grandis bark. Bark of E grandis alone or in mixture with charcoal did not give good results.

Aditivos na ensilagem do capim-elefante. I. Composição bromatológica das forragens e das respectivas silagens

The effect of the addition of ground ear corn with husks, wheat bran and saccharin, on the rate of 0, 8, 16 and 24% (dry weight of additive/wet weight of cut green grass), upon the chemical composition of both fodder and silage of Pennisetum purpureum Schum. cv. Guaçu was evaluated. A split-plot randomized block design was used. The plots were the additives and their levels and the sub-plots the material types (forage + additives and their silages). The grass was fertilized with 20 t/ha of green manure and 80, 160 and 160 kg/ha of P2O5, N and K2O, respectively. The material (chopped grass mixed with the levels of the additives) was ensiled in experimental silos (200 L plastic vessels). The dry matter percentages increased linearly as additive levels increased, being greater the effect of ground ear corn with husks. Wheat bran addition and saccharin increased the crude protein and soluble carbohydrates percentages while the ground ear corn with husks addition decreased them. Losses of dry matter soluble compounds (CP, ash and NFE) and a relative rise in the less soluble compounds (CF and organic matter) were observed.

Aditivos na ensilagem do capim-elefante. II. Qualidade das silagens amostradas por dois métodos

Silages of Pennisetum purpureum Schum. cv. Guaçu prepared with 0, 8, 16 and 24% of ground ear com with husks, wheat bran and saccharin, dry weight of additive/wet weight of green chop basis. The experimental design was a randomized blocks one in split-plot; the plots were the additives and levels, and the sub-plots the sampling methods. The material was ensiled using plastic vessels in middle of which holed pvc pipes (3 inches diameter) were put. These pipes (one per vessel) had the same length as the height of the vessels, and were filled at the same time and compacted the same way as the vessels. The first method of sampling used the material ensiled inside the pvc pipe, which was lifted out from the vessel at the moment of the silo opening. The other sampling method, normaly used in digestibility trials, consisted of samples composed by daily sub-samples collected in the vessels. The pvc sampling method was more efficient because it sampled a profile of the whole silage. All of the silages showed high percentages of lactic acid and low percentages or even absence of butyric acid, though in all silages high ammoniacal-N percentages were detected.

Aditivos na ensilagem do capim-elefante. III. Valor nutritivo e consumo voluntário e digestibilidade aparente em ovinos

The intake, the apparent digestibility and the nutritive value of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) silages prepared with the addition of 0, 8, 16 and 24% of ground ear corn with husks, wheat bran and saccharin, dry weight of additive/wet weight of green chop upon the silage were evaluated. A randomized block design with three replications, in a factorial arrangement (3 additives x 4 levels) was used. As experimental silos, 200-liter plastic vessels were used. Sheep weighing approximately 50 kg, kept in individual cages, receiving water and mineral mixture ad libitum, were used to measure the intake and apparent digestibility of silages. There was a ten-day period of adaptation to the experiment conditions. The voluntary intake of the silages was determined by the mean of the intake observed in the last three days of a ten-day period. The fecal collection period lasted for seven days. In this period the animals were fed 80% of the observed intake obtained in the previous phase. The dry matter intake increased as the levels of the additives in the silages were increased. The digestibility of the wall cell components decreased as the rates of the additives in the ensilage process increased. The silages prepared with wheat bran or ground ear corn with husks showed higher nutritive value than the ones with saccharin.

Aditivos na ensilagem do capim-elefante. IV. Fermentação ruminal em ovinos

The ruminai fermentation patterns of sheep fed elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) silage enriched with ground ear corn with husks, wheat bran and saccharin in the levels 0, 8, 16 and 24% dry weight of additive/wet weight of green chop was evaluated. A split-plot randomized block design was used. The plots were the additives and their levels and the sub-plots the time of rumen fluid collection (0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h after feeding). During the collection period, the sheep were fed 80% of the observed voluntary feed intake of the previous phase. For all additive types and levels used in preparing the silages, high levels of total volatile fat acids were observed, with predominance of the acetic acid. The silages having ground ear corn with husks as additive showed, in the ruminai fluid, ammonia production levels below the recommended for maximum microbial protein synthesis. However, silages with saccharin or wheat bran presented a good ammoniacal-N availability. In the ruminal fluid of the sheep fed ground ear corn with husks or wheat bran the molar proportion of butyric acid was increased and that of acetic acid and pH were decreased, as the levels of the additives in the silage increased.

Desenvolvimento micelial de Lentinula edodes como efeito da profundidade e suplementação do substrato

The objective of the present study was to assess the rate of mycelium development of Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler as an effect of depth and supplementation of the sugar cane bagasse substrate with different amounts of rice bran and sugar cane molasses. The experimental design consisted in a 7 × 2 factorial scheme (seven levels of bran or molasses x two growth phases) using autoclavable glass flasks to keep the substrates. The proportions of rice bran tested were: 0, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 40% (dry weight/bagasse dry weight), and the concentrations of sugar cane molasses were: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 g/kg substrate. Graph paper strips externally slicked to the flask were used to measure the mycelial development. To differentiate the growth as a function of depth, the mycelial development was divided into two phases: an initial one (upper half of the flask) and a final one (lower half). The rate of mycelium formation was always higher in the early growth than in the final phase regardless of the amount of supplement. High bran proportions reduced the rate of mycelium formation, especially during the final phase, and sugar cane molasses did not affect growth rate.

Bacterial cellulose from glucanacetobacter xylinus: Preparation, properties and applications

This chapter deals with the cellulose produced by the Glucanacetobacter xylinus strain, called bacterial cellulose, which is a remarkably versatile biomaterial usable in wide variety of domains, such as papermaking, optics, electronics, acoustics, and biomedical devices. Its unique structure shows entangled ultrafine fibers, which provide excellent mechanical strength, besides biodegradability, biocompatibility, high water-holding capacity, and high crystallinity. Some of its applications are described, such as complementary nutrition (. nata de coco), artificial temporary skin for wounds and burns, dental aid, artificial blood vessels and micronerve surgery, DNA separation, composite reinforcement, electronic paper, light emitting diodes, and fuel cell membranes. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Avaliação da liberação de potássio por resíduos do benefício de café

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Liberação de nitrogênio e potássio da palha de café em função da adubação nitrogenada

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

Soja crua em dietas para a Tilápia-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)

Pós-graduação em Aquicultura - FCAV

Glicerina na alimentação de cordeiros 1/2 Dorper 1/2 Santa Inês: consumo, digestibilidade, desempenho, características quantitativas da carcaça e qualitativas da carne

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV