Produtividade, eficiência energética e econômica em semeadura cruzada de soja

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Eficiência agronômica de rejeitos da indústria de fertilizantes fosfatados

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Avaliação experimental de eficiência térmica de um recuperador de calor e caldeira em um sistema de cogeração

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEB

Eficiência de detergentes e EDTA na remoção da smear layer de superfícies radiculares submetidas a raspagem e aplainamento: análise através da microscopia eletrônica de varredura

A remoção da smear layer é um procedimento importante para a regeneração periodontal e para o tratamento da sensibilidade dentinária. Diversos tratamentos tem sido realizados para sua remoção, porém, mostrando resultados conflitantes ou insatisfatórios. No presente estudo nos propomos a analisar através do microscópio eletrônico de varredura a eficiência dos detergentes: lauril sulfato de sódio, Plax e de mamona assim como o EDTA 24% na remoção da smear layer. Todos os produtos testados foram aplicados com bolinha de algodão, renovada a cada 30 segundos, a qual era esfregada na superfície radicular por diferentes períodos. As fotomicrografias foram analisadas através da aplicação de um índice de remoção da smear layer por três examinadores calibrados e os resultados analisados estatisticamente. De acordo com nossos resultados pudemos chegar as seguintes conclusões: 1- a instrumentação com curetas de Gracey provocou a formação da smear layer; 2- o detergente lauril sulfato de sódio não removeu a smear layer, tendo sido o pior resultado entre os detergentes testados; 3- Os detergentes Plax e de mamona mostraram resultados semelhantes entre si e superiores ao controle negativo e ao lauril sulfato de sódio, porém, não removeram a smear layer satisfatoriamente; 4- O EDTA 24% neutro mostrou ser eficiente para a remoção da smear layer.

Trocas gasosas e eficiência fotoquímica de cultivares de algodoeiro herbáceo sob aplicação de silício foliar

The objective of this study was to evaluate gas exchange and photochemical efficiency of cotton cultivars under leaf application of silicon. Therefore, the experiment was conducted in a completely randomized in a factorial 3 x 5, three cotton cultivars ('BRS Topazio', 'BRS Safira' and 'BRS Rubi'), five silicon concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mg L-1) and four replications. Gas exchange and photochemical efficiency were determined by measuring the rate of CO2 assimilation, transpiration, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration, instantaneous efficiency in water use, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, initial fluorescence, maximum quantum efficiency of the variable and photosystem II (PSII). The data variables were subjected to analysis of variance and regression test comparison of means. There were significant differences in gas exchange and photochemical efficiency in response to concentrations of silicon. There were also significant differences among cotton cultivars evaluated. In cultivar 'BRS Top zio', the application of silicon increased CO2 assimilation rate and quantum efficiency of PSII. In 'BRS Safira' silicon reduced the rate of assimilation and internal CO2 concentration. In 'BRS Rubi' element increased the fluorescence of chlorophyll 'a' and quantum efficiency of photosystem II, and reduced the rate of assimilation and internal CO2 concentration and stomatal conductance. Silicate fertilization provided 'BRS Topazio' to express better photosynthetic rate in relation to 'BRS Safira' and 'BRS Rubi'. No damage occurred in PSII when 'BRS Top zio', 'BRS Safira' and 'BRS Rubi' cultivars received silicon as supplementary nutrition.

Lean six sigma como estratégia para o aumento de eficiência em laminação de alumínio

This study aims to assess the implementation of Lean Six Sigma in the preparation of plates and hot lamination process for a company of aluminum rolled products, to improve the quality, productivity and process efficiency. As a basis for achieving these goals, the DMAIC methodology and various quality tools such as Cause Effect Diagram, Process Flow, SIPOC, Pareto, FMEA and Control Chart were used, trying to propose improvements to processes and increase their efficiency. The results were significant and were the basis for the continuation of a continuous improvement project throughout the factory

Eficiência Energética e sustentabilidade em edificações: um estudo de caso na biblioteca da UNESP de Guaratinguetá

Energy efficiency has gained significant importance in recent years, mainly due to cyclical climatic conditions and current supply of natural resources. The present work deals with the procedures and requirements necessary to evaluate a building to a level of efficiency corresponding to your project and the actual implemented. To perform this analysis, we adopted the technical regulation efficiency prepared by Procel along with other agencies of the sector. The Regulation aims to create a model for the technical evaluation of the efficiency of buildings, popularize and expand the theme specification of conditions drawn up today. The building analyzed in this study was the library of UNESP, Guaratinguetá. Still, after the completion of the final efficiency analysis, are presented proposals for intervention that can improve and enhance the present situation of the building. The interventions are based on many technical factors and local conditions of climate and supply of resource. The issue of sustainability was explained in order to serve as a tool to expand the options available to upgrade a building in front of their impact on the environment

Eficiência energética em uma indústria madeireira

In wood processing industries, which use electrical equipment in the production process, in most cases these are badly scaled or operate under inadequate conditions, resulting directly in industrial energy efficiency, which proves important because besides having technological innovation, also with practices and policies, aims to decrease power consumption. So in a wiring project should take into account the variables that influence energy efficiency. Thus this work has been reviewed and subsequently calculated some of these variables, such as active power, power factor and demand for the entire industry (global) and also for specific equipment, the chipper. The network analysis was performed in a wood processing industry in the city of Taquarivaí - SP, and evaluated these variables with a network analyzer and also by analysis on energy bills, which were found in both analysis levels below those found in literature. These factors are due to poor design, improper use, storage of equipment or even by characteristic of the production process, ie, the equipment running on empty because of the volatility of production

Transposição de galharia como técnica de restauração de áreas degradadas: uma avaliação da eficiência do método na atração de fauna

O estudo foi realizado numa área degradada pertencente ao campus da UNESP em Rio Claro, e teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência do método de nucleação para recuperação de áreas degradadas do tipo “transposição de galharia” na atração de fauna. As pilhas de galhos podem funcionar como abrigos artificiais, atraindo potenciais dispersores de sementes secundários, o que potencialmente abreviaria o processo de regeneração de um ambiente degradado. O estudo foi feito através do levantamento de pequenos mamíferos por armadilhas de interceptação e queda em quatro parcelas de 2500 m², sendo duas delas com o tratamento (pilhas de galhos), e duas funcionando como controle, e o resultado esperado seria uma maior quantidade de indivíduos capturados e de gêneros taxonômicos nas parcelas com o tratamento. Entretanto, as quantidades totais de indivíduos capturados no bloco das parcelas com tratamento e no bloco das parcelas controle foram, segundo o teste de Mann-Whitman, estatisticamente idênticos. Também a quantidade de gêneros taxonômicos capturados foi igual nos dois blocos. Desta forma, concluímos que o método “transposição de galharia” foi ineficiente neste estudo, da forma como foi empregado, não contribuindo para um aumento na fauna de pequenos roedores e marsupiais. O método pode ter fracassado devido a pequena quantidade de pilhas de galhos utilizados para o tamanho da área, como também pelo recobrimento da área por uma grande quantidade de gramíneas, que podem ter funcionado por si só como abrigo para os animais capturados, além de poderinibir a entrada de outros gêneros de pequenos mamíferos não-voadores. Sugerimos portanto, para o método ser mais eficiente, a colocação de uma maior quantidade de pilhas de galhos do que a utilizada no presente estudo, e elas devem ser maiores. Para ecossistemas que apresentam gramíneas densas e altas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Implementação da eficiência global de equipamento (OEE) no padrão de produção e análise de impactos

Nowadays, there is a need for improvements in production processes for companies to be competitive, as it is an obligation of businesses, it is necessary to know about the production processes accurately, to learn where improvements in work and thus have large impacts results. The calculation of efficiency of production lines is necessary to know as much about the progress of production and for product costing, when the measurement is not suitable, it generates negative impacts on the company. Due to the impact generated by this parameter, the graduation work carry out the study of change in a method that does not include all requirements necessary, by another method known as Overall Equipment Effectiveness, and according to studies, covering various parameters, showing become more consistent. These values are contained in the pattern production which is used to fund the product, thereby also occur financial impacts. Thus the work will study the change along with the analysis of impacts caused by the change

Estudo sobre eficiência energética em uma unidade industrial

This work contemplates an opportunities study of the rational use of energy in an industrial unity from the demand analysis and electrical energy consumption. Through a guide of energy analysis it was described how to find the main problems that create energy wastes in an industry, showing the ways so the production processes avoid such wastes and start to use energy in a more sensible e efficient way. It was also studied, the technical e economical viability of possible interventions to be implemented in terms of energy conservation and of possible demand supply alternatives

Comparação da eficiência térmica de trocadores de calor no laboratório de sistemas térmicos da Faculdade de Engenharia

This work aims to verify and compare the efficiency of heat exchangers used in the thermal systems laboratory at Faculdade de Engenharia do Campus de Guaratinguetá - UNESP. Basically, it has been studied two types of heat exchangers: plate type, operating in parallel flow and counter-flow, shell and tube type and also operating in parallel flow and counter flow. Initially it has been presented the didactic equipment and procedures for use of these heat exchangers in the proposed experiments. With the results obtained from the experiments, comparisons were made in order to define the behavior of the heat exchangers regarding some variables. In the study, one comes to the conclusion that the results from shell and tube type of heat exchanger, used in the thermal systems lab, are superior in all conditions analyzed

Eficiência energética em ar condicionado e refrigeração através da aplicação da termoacumulação

The use of refrigeration and air conditioning systems is of fundamental importance when it comes to air-conditioning of environments. Also important is the use of electricity for equipments’ operation related to these systems. Due to high cost of charging for this type of energy, factors economy and efficiency occupy key roles among design parameters of a system. One of the ways to get this economy is the use of a technique called thermal storage, or cold storage, which intends to move the required loads during peak time and also their equalizing, so that the energy is transferred from the peak time to non-peak time, thereby reducing the cost of energy consumed. Cold can be stored in the form of ice or ice water. This work aims to perform a technical-economic analysis of a mall located in Vale do Paraíba checking the feasibility of deploying a thermal storage system to achieve an economy in the cost of the energy used by the establishment. Through the parameters measured by the concessionaire of energy we can get the values of energy demand and power consumed, which will serve as basis for calculation for the study. The results obtained allow the development of two alternative proposals to the current configuration, one chosen by the criteria and results presented by technical-economic and energy analysis

Estudo da eficiência de reforços estruturais em vigas de concreto armado com o uso de chapas de aço coladas com resina epóxi: uma análise qualitativa

In civil engineering, a structure is the whole sustainment of a construction and, thus, it is important that it remains intact throughout its lifetime. An engineering construction must last for decades without losing its functionality. However its purpose may be altered and several times the original structure does not meet the new needs of use. Still, in new buildings, the functionality is altered due to possible flaws in execution and the structure, invariably does not reach the desired solicitation needs. In cases like this, the commonly adopted solutions are, basically, the demolishment followed by the reconstruction of the desired mold or the structural reinforcement. This second option, for long years, has not been put to practice due to certain factors such as the high costs for its implantation, use of inadequate reinforcement execution techniques, and the culture of people involved in the area regarding its use and, in this case, the option would always be the reconstruction. Thoughtout the years, some techniques were developed to allow the execution of structural reinforcements with low costs and in efficient ways. An interesting, fast, efficient and economical technique is the structural reinforcement through metal sheets put together with epoxy resin that can be applied in beams, slabs and pillars. In the present work the different behavior of beams reinforced with this technique. Steel is a very recommended material for these reinforcements due to its characteristics related to traction, compression and the effectiveness of the technique related to its cost. For the attachment the epoxy resin is recommended, since it allows the joining of two materials, in this case, steel and concrete. The efficiency of this union is so considerably high that it rarely produces any flaws in adherence and, normally, when it happens it is due to problems in the execution process, not in the union of materials

Verificação da eficiência da metodologia Seis Sigma na redução da divergência de estoque em uma indústria de condutores de fluídos

This work was developed in order to reduce the discrepancy found between the stock data of an item in the system and the amount found physically in stock in the company presented on this study case. Therefore, this paper makes a study on system of information that can assist in the collection, control and manipulation of data regarding the company's stock. It is very important to do the inventory management, so we can control the level of this sub-product to meet sales orders and production. In the study discussed below, we used the Six Sigma methodology to identify points that had flaws in the process and thus improve their work where the results show grater process control and provide a reliable database to the point where no further problems of lack of components in stock