Diagnóstico ambiental do Córrego Bandeirantes, município de Rio Claro, SP: parâmetros biológicos e metais-traço

This study was conducted to verify water quality and environmental impacts related to the occupation of the watershed of the Bandeirantes stream, located in Rio Claro, SP. The intention is to propose measures to enable the mitigation of negative impacts, and boosting the recovery and maintenance of the quality of water resources, preventing its complete degradation. Water analysis were performed at three different points, east, crossing the Ring Road (dirt road) and near the confluence with the Ribeirão Claro. The results indicated significant degradation of water, especially after the crossing, where it witnessed the accumulation of solid waste and easy access to the stream, both for animals as for people, due to limited riparian it. Another impact was observed the current construction of the Forum of Rio Claro in the right side of the stream studied, causing change in the landscape, change the flow properties and removal of existing vegetation at the site of work, defined as an environmentally protected area, as determined by existing law. Measures such as: restoration of riparian zones, effluent treatment, planned urban growth and environmental education of the population, would be essential to mitigate the environmental impacts of watershed Bandeirantes stream

Desafios ambientais na indústria automobiliística: uma análise do processo de reciclagem e reutilização de materiais

This research has as main objective the analysis of the auto industry has done to reduce disposal of solid waste in its production process as much as to facilitate the recycling of cars after they complete their life cycle. Despite the auto industry is not one of the most polluting in terms of its production process, it produces a good that is causing major pollution. In despite of the great current concern in seeking to reduce the emissions of pollutants by vehicles, as important as the quest for cleaner fuels is the study of how to dispose of old cars. Even if the car production does not increase significantly each year in relative terms, we must consider the fleet of used cars that still circulates in the world. Ending the mammoth “cemeteries” of automobiles, however, it is not so easy, even because the car is composed of various materials, which in many cases are not easily separable. In addition to an overview, the research seeks to examine the possible advances in Brazil related to the process of auto recycling

Indicação e avaliação de potenciais áreas para implementação de aterros sanitários municipais – Apuí/AM

About eighty percent of the Brazilian municipalities have their residues in environmentally unsuitable sites and socially insalubrious. In this context, in the year 2010, instituted the National Policy on Solid Residues, which aims to integrated management and management environmentally appropriate of solid residues in Brazil (JUCA, 2002).The problem of urban residues is related to its origin and production in the same way that the concept of inexhaustibility and reflexes of compromising the environment, especially the pollution of soil, air and water resources (LIMA, 1995). Seeking a better residues management in the municipality of Apuí / AM and continuing work already started, Plan Solid Residues Management of the Apuí / AM, this work came to propose a better environmental compliance in relation to solid residues compared to 12305/2010 law that established deadlines / timelines on some actions such as landfills and the consequent elimination of environmentally sound disposal of residues by 2014 and thus began a study of potential areas for the implementation of the landfill were evaluated taking into consideration technical aspects (soil, vegetation, climate, hydrography, etc), legislation and Google Earth imagery. The result of the work over the 6 areas proposed by the City Hall was the choice of AREA 4 as the most indicated for the implementation of the landfill for the city of Apuí, which has 18,325 inhabitants (IBGE, 2011); some considerations were made if a new area can be proposed by the city to implement the landfill

Determinação de chumbo em tubos de raios catódicos e em solo contaminado por espectrometria de absorção atômica

Pós-graduação em Ciência dos Materiais - FEIS

Caracterização do lodo de esgoto, após desaguamento e secagem térmica, da Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto de Araraquara

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Caracterização química e estudo térmico de lodos provenientes da estação de tratamento de esgotos de Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Efeito do adubo orgânico na diversidade bacteriana de solos

Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária - FCAV

Compostagem de resíduo sólido de abatedouro avícola

The great demand for animal protein was responsible for the increase on the broilers production and hence, the generation of waste from the poultry slaughter was increased as well, which in turn, propelled the development of techniques that allow the reuse and recycling of these wastes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of composting on the treatment and recycling of solid waste from poultry slaughterhouse. The solid waste was from a commercial poultry slaughterhouse and was composed of viscera, muscle, fat, bone, blood and feathers that was mixed with a source of carbon, rice husk. Initially, a windrow with a volume of 1.5m(3) was built, and then some parameters were monitored: temperature, total solids (TS), volatile (VS), N, P, K, organic carbon (C), composting organic matter (COC), organic matter resistant to composting (MORC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), mass and volume of the windrow, most probable number (MPN) of total and fecal coliforms, as well as their reductions during the process. The maximum temperature reached in the center of the windrow was 53.3 degrees C (weekly average) since reductions of weight of TS and VS and volume during the pre-composting were 36.1, 44.3 and 23.3%, respectively and during the composting process was 21.8, 23.8 and 4.4%. The low volume reduction can be associated with high concentrations of MORC (40.1%) which can be mainly related to the quality of the carbon source. The process produced satisfactory total reductions of TS, VS and volume that were respectively, 50.1, 57.5 and 26.7%. However reductions were observed in 43% of amount of nitrogen in the final compound. Despite reductions in nitrogen content, composting proved to be an effective method in the treatment of solid waste from poultry slaughterhouse.

Removal of clay by stingless bees: load size and moisture selection

Some organisms disperse energy, associated with the transportation of resource, which is not necessarily food. Stingless bees of Central Amazonia (Melipona flavolineata and M. lateralis) collect clay in banks along streams for nest building. The moisture of the clay varies along the bank, and bees collect clay from specific location, indicating that there is some sort of preference regarding their selection. This study aims at identifying: if larger bees carry more clay; if there is a preference for moisture of substrates; and if bees are less efficient accumulating and transporting clay when it is wet. In order to do so, I measured the size of the bees and of the pellets of clay found in the corbicula. I set up a field experiment to test substrate preferences. The amount of clay transported, increased exponentially in accordance to the size of the bee, and the preferred substrate was the driest clay. The amount and the efficiency of removal of clay were not affected by the moisture of the substrate. Despite the wet clay being denser, it does not reduce the efficiency of exploitation of the resource, but suggests that bees spend more energy to carry the same quantity of wet clay, which may be the underlying mechanism explaining their preference for removing drier clay.

Avaliação do potencial de utilização de percolado bruto e tratado fotoeletroquimicamente de aterro sanitário no desenvolvimento da espécie Helianthus annuus L

Os processos de decomposição dos resíduos sólidos resultam em uma importante fonte de poluente tóxico, o percolado, usualmente denominado de chorume, podendo causar graves impactos ambientais em ecossistemas vizinhos, se não for drenado e tratado adequadamente. No tratamento eletrolítico de efluentes aquosos, os poluentes sofrem degradação oxidativa. Visando o tratamento do percolado de aterro sanitário, foram analisados os parâmetros de pH, temperatura, DQO, condutividade, amônia e absorbância, utilizando-se de uma densidade de corrente de 125 mA.cm-2. As regas na espécie Helianthus annuus L., girassol da família Asteraceae, foram realizadas durante 95 dias com 11 tratamentos do percolado bruto e tratado em concentrações de 25, 50, 75 e 100% de percolado com a adição de Na2SO4, esta última concentração também sem adição de Na2SO4, a fim de avaliar a sobrevivência e o crescimento dessa espécie. Ao final do experimento, os valores de crescimento mais expressivos foram para o percolado 100% sem Na2SO4 mostrando que: a altura total obteve uma diferença em 27% menor no tratado; o diâmetro da base do caule mostrou uma diferença 45% menor do tratado em relação ao bruto; o número de folhas foi de 65% menor e área foliar de 51% menor do tratado em relação ao bruto, indicando que mesmo em crescimento o Grupo Tratado permaneceu menor durante a maioria das medidas das variáveis biométricas do girassol BRS 323. Todos os vasos regados com chorume tratado tiveram uma redução no peso seco das partes aéreas, chegando a uma redução média de 72% na concentração 100% de chorume sem a adição de Na2SO4

Implicações da disposição de lodo de estação de tratamento de esgoto em solo no Brasil

The management of solid waste originated from the treatment of domestic and industrial sewage in wastewater treatment plants is a current challenge in the Brazilian reality. However, the planning and the final destination of sludge end up being overlooked, causing serious damage to human health and the environment. The use of sewage sludge in the agriculture is growing in Brazil and is regulated by the Resolução CONAMA Nº 375/2006 which establishes the criteria and parameters so that the sludge can be disposed on the ground safely to the environment and the population. This study aims to define the effects of using sewage sludge in soil according to the results of the bibliographic survey of theoretical and practical studies using this waste in the recovery and conditioning of soil for agriculture and recuperation of degraded areas, and to define whether such type of sludge recycling is environmentally and socially feasible and safe. It can be said that the reuse of sewage sludge in soil meets the search requirements for an alternative that brings agronomic, environmental and economic benefits, as well as being an environmental and social healthy alternative if properly attended the laws that deal with the subject, anyway those should be reviewed and updated taking into account Brazilian soil and climate conditions, thus justifying need for more studies in the area

De um subproduto industrial para um produto destinado à alimentação animal: produção de biomassa bacteriana

A grande diversidade das atividades industriais ocasiona durante o processo produtivo a geração de resíduos sólidos, líquidos e gasosos, que podem poluir e/ou contaminar o solo, a água e o ar. Embora existam regulamentos para o descarte desses resíduos, a inobservância às regras, a ineficiência dos tratamentos despoluentes e a inoperância de órgãos fiscalizadores permitem que, ainda hoje, sejam lançados ao ambiente grandes cargas de poluentes. Isso se aplica às indústrias de alimentos de origem animal. Felizmente, a visão dos empresários do setor vem mudando, na medida em que a imagem de uma empresa que conta com produtos e processos ambientalmente responsáveis representa parte das estratégias competitivas atuais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi demonstrar como um efluente industrial pode ser transformado em matéria prima para a obtenção de um produto com valor comercial, utilizando tecnologias reconhecidas pela indústria e a atividade microbiana. O efluente foi obtido em indústria de abate e processamento de tilápias, apresentado (valores médios) pH = 9,4, DQO = 1.127 mg/L, óleos e graxas = 1.166 mg/L, nitrogênio total = 813 mg/L, coliformes a 30–35o C = 1,0x105 NMP/mL, coliformes a 45o C = 0,41 NMP/mL, bolores e leveduras = 4,6x103 UFC/mL e, ocasionalmente, contendo Salmonella sp e Aeromonas sp. Os tratamentos físicos aplicados ao efluente incluíram gradeamento, filtração (50µm) e pasteurização (65o C/30 min). O cultivo de Rubrivivax gelatinosus foi realizado sob anaerobiose em reatores de vidro durante 7 dias, em temperatura ambiente (30±5o C) e 2.000±500 lux. A recuperação da biomassa foi feita por filtração tangencial (0,2 µm; 1,5 bar), centrifugação (3.400 g/30 min; 5o C) e liofilização (-40o C) e a pulverização foi realizada manualmente. A produção de massa celular atingiu 0,18 g/L, com produtividade de 0,0634 g/L.dia. O processo promoveu redução de 52% na DQO, 48% em óleos e graxas e 22% no nitrogênio total, gerando um resíduo com pH 7,9, livre de bactérias patogênicas e, portanto, apto ao descarte. O produto obtido apresentou cor vermelho escuro (L = 22,42; C = 14,22; h = 25,48), 4,55% de umidade, 57,39% de proteína, 11,08% de extrato etéreo, 4,05% de matéria mineral, 3,03 mg/g de oxicarotenóides, 20,27 NMP/g de coliformes a 30–35o C, <1,0 NMP/g de coliformes a 45o C, 1,2x103 UFC/g de bolores e leveduras e ausência de microrganismos patogênicos. Essas características apontam para um potencial pigmentante e nutricional positivo no produto, que pode encontrar aplicação na produção animal, com segurança microbiológica. Dessa forma, fecha-se um ciclo autosustentável que pode ser adotado na própria fonte geradora do resíduo industrial, permitindo a reversão de gastos com tratamento despoluente em receitas advindas da comercialização de um novo produto.

Detecção de microrganismos de infecções bucais: perspectivas e cuidados a serem seguidos

The diagnosis of head and neck infections constitutes relevant step in their treatment. However, in spite of the fact that most of diseases in head and neck region are infectious in nature, several reasons collaborated for dentists do not ask laboratory tests in order to help clinical diagnosis. By mean of this review literature, based on research articles about the newest and most reliable methods of diagnosis for clinical laboratories, the authors discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each selected method and the relevant aspects in transportation of the specimens to the laboratory. Saliva, biofilm, pus, and blood are the most frequent specimens for microbial diagnosis, being that the most used methods are culture and those based on detection of deoxyribonucleic acid by polymerase chain reaction method. Whereas, the culture depends on cellular viability, and has reduced sensitivity, as well as needs favorable conditions in the sample collection and transportation, PCR shows high sensitivity and specificity, but it does not allow the determination of antibiogram, what reduces its usefulness. In addition, few laboratories possess conditions to perform cultivation of obligate anaerobes or have experience in the molecular detection of these microorganisms.

Proposta de gestão ambiental para o Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí, campus Teresina Central

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Variação da resistividade elétrica para três solos não saturados

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)