516 resultados para vacas leiteiras


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Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

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Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária - FCAV

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, do nascimento até os 120 dias de idade, o desenvolvimento corporal, o consumo de matéria seca (CMS), a conversão alimentar (CA) e os aspectos sanitários de 12 bezerras leiteiras que receberam dieta com ou sem o uso de medicamentos homeopáticos. Foram utilizadas bezerras 3/4 Holandês x 1/4 Gir recém-nascidas, com peso vivo médio inicial de 35,71 kg, distribuídas pelos tratamentos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis repetições por tratamento. Na fase de aleitamento (0 - 56 dias de idade) os tratamentos consistiram em leite, sendo 2 litros pela manhã e 2 à tarde, adicionado ou não a medicamentos homeopáticos (5 g/animal/dia dos FATORES PRÓ(r), ESTRESSE(r) e C&MC(r)), e concentrado à vontade. Na fase pós-aleitamento (57 - 120 dias de idade), os animais receberam o mesmo concentrado, adicionado ou não com os mesmos medicamentos homeopáticos, e o consumo do concentrado foi limitado a, no máximo, 3 kg/animal/dia. A adição de medicamentos homeopáticos à dieta não afetou (p > 0,05) o desenvolvimento corporal, o CMS e o CA em bezerras leiteiras. Houve menor uso de antibiótico e carrapaticida nos animais que receberam os produtos homeopáticos. Concluiu-se que o uso de medicamentos homeopáticos não afetou o desenvolvimento corporal e reduziu o número de animais tratados com medicamentos alopáticos.

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The silvopastoral system is characterized by increasing the production of milk with a greater number of cows per hectare due to the higher amount of protein in the diet. In silvopastoral system cows are fed in addition to pasture, small trees and shrubs. The aim of this study was determinate the main indicators of milk quality and mastitis causal agents in cows bred on silvopastoral system. We evaluated the composition (fat, total protein, lactose, solids, dry extract, nonfat dry and urea nitrogen), somatic cell count (SCC), total bacterial count (TBC), occurrence of clinical and subclinical mastitis, microbiological isolation, in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity profile and detection of antimicrobial residues in milk produced by 100 cows raised in silvopastoral systems, as well as the bulk tank and churns in farms of Cauca Valley, Colombia. The concentration of the major constituents of milk were 3.24% fat, 3.27% total protein, 4.40% lactose, 10.62% dry extract, 8.57% nonfat dry and 15.82mg/dL urea nitrogen, while the bulk tank and churns was 3.51% fat, 3.20% total protein, 4.34% lactose, 11.72% dry extract, 8.47% nonfat dry and 14.57mg/dL urea nitrogen. The cell count of the cows and the bulk tank was 141,252.75 CS/mL and 363,078.05 CS/mL respectively. The TBC mean in cows and the bulk tank was 4,466.84 CFU/mL and 24,547.01 CFU/mL respectively. The main microorganisms isolated from the udder cows were Corynebacterium bovis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hyicus, Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus dysgalatiae, while the bulk tank were identified more often Streptococcus spp., Enterobacter cloacae, Hafnia alveii, hemolytic Streptococcus and Streptococcus spp. Antimicrobial residues in cow milk and bulk or churn were detected in 30% and 86% respectively. The silvopastoral system showed to be good alternative to milk production in cow. However is important the care with antimicrobial residues in milk and the analysis of all quality parameters to ensure a differentiated product.

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The early weaning method is an alternative to increase the body weight of calves, since it is based on the total or temporary interruption of suckling by animals, in an attempt to faster develop the rumen of those receiving milk ad libitum. Thus, this study was conducted in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, in order to evaluate the weight gain of calves subjected to two weaning methods (conventional, i.e., calves were kept with cows, and controlled, where calves had access to suckling for one hour per day), as well as body condition and pregnancy rate of Guzerá primiparous and multiparous cows. Once a month, the animals were weighed, in order to measure their weight gain. At the birth and definite weaning of calves, the cows had their body condition evaluated, as well as their pregnancy rate, at the end of weaning. It was found that the controlled weaning method showed no significant difference, however, it becomes feasible in the beef cattle chain, since it can reduce the delivering intervals, due to the improved body condition of cows, especially in times of drought, when there is low food availability. An increase in the weight of calves at weaning was also observed for primiparous cows.

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Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento Animal - FCAV

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)