338 resultados para Polímero condutor
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Pós-graduação em Química - IQ
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Magnetic fields can be produced by natural magnets, artificial magnets, and by circulating electric currents in wires and solenoids. An interesting experiment to observe the interaction between the magnetic field and free charges in a conductor, a magnet falling inside a tube made of conductive materials. The slowing down of the magnet by the appearance of a field in the opposite direction to the original one (Lenz's Law) is function the number of free electrons in the conductor and the electrical properties of this. Based on this, the objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between the electrical properties of conductors, copper and aluminum, with magnetic force on a neodymium magnet-iron-boron magnet falling inside a copper tube and aluminum, positioned vertically. In performing this experiment, we observed that it is a demonstration of Lenz-Faraday’s Law
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The properties of the hot melt adhesive pressure sensitive (HMPSA) using an elastomer as a base polymer a copolymer of styrene and butadiene (SBS) and variation of tackifiers resins such as hydrocarbon resins and hydrogenated hydrocarbon were investigated. The formulations were prepared by mixing process within shear. The adhesives prepared were evaluated in test Brookfield viscosity and softening point Ring and Ball to compare the formulations and the influence of variations in raw materials. Infrared analyzes were performed to detect the reactions between the inputs and investigate the chemical interactions of the same properties of the adhesive. In thermal analysis, the assay was performed thermogravimetry (TG) and diferencial exploratory calorimetry (DSC). Were investigated the parameters of the tensile test on each of the formulations. Finally, were analysed comparatively the basic formulations of adhesives with their respective raw materials
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Zidovudine (AZT) is the drug most commonly used in AIDS treatment, isolated or in combination with other antiretroviral agents, but it has certain limitations due to its therapeutic dose-dependent haematological toxicity. In addition, it has low oral bioavailability, since it undergoes pre-systemic metabolism. The nasal route has been used as an alternative route for drug administration, because it can promote its direct absorption to blood circulation, avoiding hepatic metabolism. However, this route presents as a factor limiting the mucociliary clearance mechanisms that remove quickly the formulation of the nasal cavity. To prolong the residence time of formulations, in this direction, has been proposed the development of mucoadhesive systems. Among the various existing systems, the use of chitosan (QS), as mucoadhesive polymer, has been widely exploited in the preparation of nanoparticles (NPs). The objective of this study was to develop and characterize QS’s NPs for intranasal administration of AZT. For both NPs have been developed by ionic crosslinking of QS with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). These NPs were characterized by studies of particle size distribution, zeta potential, morphology, mucoadhesion tests, assessing the ability of encapsulation of the drug and permeation profile of AZT. The evaluation of AZT in the NPs was determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Mucoadhesion measures were made using a texture analyzer, using a mucin disk and porcine mucous membrane , and permeation assay were conducted using porcine nasal mucous membrane adapted to the Franz cell. These results suggest that the systems in hand have great potential for nasal AZT administration
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This work intends to investigate the biodegradation of the polymers and blend films of polypropylene (PP) and poly(hidroxybutirate-valerate) (PHBV), after UV radiation to facilitate the PP degradation, which is a polymer with long chains difficult to degrade by biological agents present in the environment. This polymer is outstanding by its mechanical properties and versatility of industrial and commercial use and the PHBV by its quick biodegradability in the environment. Blends of these materials could to present a commitment between mechanical properties and biodegradability to execute its function and after the discard to have lesser lifetime in the garbage landfills. Another aspect of this work is the controlling effect of PP on PHBV, influencing its degradation time
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O período correspondente ao Terceiro Reich alemão (1933-1945), quando a Alemanha esteve sob o domínio do Regime Nazista, foi caracterizado pelo alto grau de violência, de dominação e de exterminação em massa, e, também, pelo envolvimento “voluntário” de crianças e jovens na luta por um ideal que não lhes pertencia, as quais foram, desde a mais tenra idade, doutrinadas para matar e morrer em nome desse ideal. Para atingir esse fim, teorias, supostamente comprovadas, foram concebidas e incorporadas a educação de modo a fazer dela o grande veículo condutor da dominação que se pretendia. Por este motivo, o seu estudo se torna de grande importância para se pensar na educação – do presente e do futuro -, no sentido de sua utilização para atingir fins que não possuem como premissa a formação do sujeito livre e emancipado, capaz de agir de forma reflexiva e autônoma no mundo em que vive. No presente trabalho, pretende-se apresentar o resultado de uma pesquisa desenvolvida a partir da revisão bibliográfica, sobre o contexto histórico, social, econômico e educativo da Alemanha nazista com a finalidade de proceder ao levantamento e a análise de dados e informações em torno dos principais fatores que contribuíram para a ascensão do Partido Nazista, na figura de seu líder, Adolf Hitler. O objetivo maior deste trabalho foi buscar argumentos que possibilitassem a compreensão em torno dos motivos que levaram os jovens e as crianças a seguirem Hitler e o seu ideal até as últimas consequências. Como metodologia utilizou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica, com base qualitativa e em caráter historiográfico e exploratório. O material bibliográfico analisado trouxe diversas possibilidades que, apesar de não conclusivas, permitiram a compreensão em torno da eficácia dos mecanismos educativos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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During the twentieth century the inorganic electronics was largely developed being present in various industrial equipment or household use. However, at the end of that century were verified electronic properties in organic compounds, giving rise to the field of organic electronics. Since then, the physical properties of elementary devices such as diodes and organic transistors have been studied. In this work was studied the properties of diode devices fabricated with a semiconductor polymer, the poly-o-methoxyaniline (POMA). Devices containing electrodes of Au and Al were fabricated with semiconductor polymer of different doping levels. We found that the rectifying behavior for the heterojunctions metal/polimer are reached only for high doping level (with conductivity greater than 1,77. 10-9 S / cm), which gives the devices characteristic of a Schottky diode. The rectifying behavior was observed for electric fields of low magnitude, below the operating field (~ 600 V/cm), while for electric field greater than 600 V/cm the a linear behavior I vs.V was obtained. We determined that this Ohmic behavior arises from the charge transport over the volume of the semiconductor material after the lowering of the metal/semiconductor barrier. In devices with weakly doped semiconductor, the electrical resistance of the volume becomes high and the process of charge transportation is dominated by the volume, for any intensity of the applied electric field
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Way in the theme of the story of my life and training and electingchildhood as a guide in the works of Benjamin. Narrating a series of reflections on childhood and experience, taking for reading and interpretation of aphorisms that make up my childhood and training as a fellow researcher, a full text simultaneously, is juxtaposed with other texts and authors, intertwining with Benjamin, memory and history in my narrative, in a singular moment, an event. In this course highlight the place ofexperience and their languages, between the know-how, andknowing how to express thinking about childhood and educationevent in the making, which announces the issue of impoverishment and destitution of the experience of life ineducational practice, indicating the possibility resume thembetween school knowledge and practices through different view of childhood and the event, as a teacher. I will continue outliningmy experience in research groups choosing the language and itsinterfaces specifically with art cinema / pictures in the construction of our subjectivity in postmodernity. The methodology is qualitative, will take place within what we call the ethical self. Transcendence is an act and not a process, and yetas an overshooting of history is always historically situated and,therefore, has a concrete context. Using my own journey as an educator / researcher in my path as an area of passage / travel / experience / track / time in the constitution of my subjectivity in my own life story
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A Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AIDS) é uma doença causada pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) e acomete milhões de indivíduos pelo mundo todo. Para seu tratamento, utilizam-se antirretrovirais em associação ou isoladamente, e um dos mais utilizados é a zidovudina, 3’-azido-3’-desoxitimidina (AZT). Porém, sua baixa biodisponibilidade causada pela elevada taxa de metabolização hepática e baixa capacidade de permeação através das membranas biológicas, resulta na necessidade de administração de elevadas doses do fármaco, várias vezes ao dia, o que acaba gerando níveis plasmáticos tóxicos e, consequentemente, efeitos colaterais graves e desconforto ao paciente. Sendo assim existe a necessidade de uma otimização das formulações orais contendo AZT. Os sistemas de liberação de fármacos com propriedades mucoadesivas podem ser uma alternativa para melhorar as propriedades biofarmacêuticas, pois permitem o contato íntimo do fármaco com a mucosa intestinal e por um tempo prolongado, o que pode melhorar a biodisponibilidade de determinados fármacos, como o AZT. As dispersões sólidas (DS) são um tipo de sistema de liberação de fármaco que visam melhorar a biodisponibilidade de fármacos com baixa biodisponibilidade. Para desenvolvimento destes sistemas, vários materiais poliméricos podem ser utilizados, dentre eles o ftalato de hidroxipropil metilcelulose (HPMCP), com propriedade gastrorresistentes e mucoadesiva e o glicolato sódico de amido (GSA), que é um polímero intumescível e mucoadesivo. No desenvolvimento do trabalho as dispersões foram preparadas a partir da técnica de evaporação do solvente, contendo AZT, GSA e HPMCP nas proporções 1:5:7,5, 1:5:10 e 1:5:15, respectivamente, sendo obtidas com êxito a partir da técnica escolhida. A análise granulométrica e as fotomicrografias das amostras demonstraram uma redução no tamanho das partículas. A análise da mucoadesão ...
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O desenvolvimento de sistemas de liberação de fármacos tem sido muito utilizado com o intuito de melhorar as propriedades biofarmacêuticas de fármacos. Sistemas de liberação controlada oferecem inúmeras vantagens quando comparados aos sistemas convencionais, o que os tornam candidatos promissores para a melhora da terapia de diversas doenças. Para o desenvolvimento destes sistemas, várias estratégias utilizam polímeros para modificar as propriedades farmacotécnicas das substâncias e partículas, com o objetivo de melhorar o direcionamento dos fármacos, bem como sua ação e toxicidade. Dentre estes polímeros, os mais utilizados são os polissacarídeos, por serem amplamente disponíveis e de baixo custo. São encontrados na natureza, em fontes diversas, como plantas, algas, microorganismos e animais. O dextrano, um polímero produzido por microorganismos, bem como seus derivados, têm recebido bastante atenção devido às suas características, como baixa toxicidade e alta degradabilidade enzimática, as quais o torna viável para o carreamento de fármacos. Com o dextrano é possível preparar sistemas de liberação controlada, uma vez que é possível se obter hidrogéis a partir dele, sem a utilização de reticulantes químicos. Hidrogéis são redes poliméricas tridimensionais hidrofílicas, que absorvem grande quantidade de água ou fluido biológico sem se dispersarem, o que denota a capacidade de intumescimento. Em sistemas de liberação baseados em hidrogéis, o perfil de intumescimento é uma característica de grande importância, pois pode modificar a propriedade de transporte do fármaco. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar a possibilidade da produção de hidrogéis de dextrano de diferentes pesos moleculares, para modular a liberação do fármaco praziquantel, utilizado no tratamento da esquistossomose... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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According to ABIPA (2009), Brazil is currently among the major producers of reconstituted wood panels, with one of the main factors for this condition, its climate and its large land area, which allows the cultivation of forests, which provide raw materials for these industries. To establish that market as power, Brazil has invested about R$ 1.3 billion in the last 10 years, yet designed an investment of 0.8 billion dollars over the next three years (BNDES, 2008). With the new investments in this segment, we expect a growth of about 66% in the resin consumption of urea-formaldehyde (GPC, 2009) which should also result in major investments by the companies producing this polymer. Currently employees are mainly three types of resins in the production industry panels, as follows: Urea-Formaldehyde Resin (R-UF), melamine-formaldehyde resin (R-MF) and Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin (R-FF). Especially the cost factor, the urea-formaldehyde resin is the most used by companies producing reconstituted wood panels. The UF-R is a polymer obtained by condensation of urea and formaldehyde reactors (usually batch type), characterized by being a thermosetting polymer which makes it very efficient for bonding wood composites. The urea-formaldehyde polymer, to present a quite complex, it becomes very difficult to predict the exact chain resulting in the process of condensation of urea with formaldehyde, so that a greater knowledge of its characteristics and methods for their characterization can result in greater control in industrial processes and subsequent decrease cost and improve the quality of reconstituted wood panels produced in Brazil
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This study presents the development of a business plan to assist in decision making. The feasibility of a new plant capable of producing a polymer known as naphthalene sulfonate is being studied. CSN National Steel Company operates in several areas and encourages employees to seek innovation, supports and assists in the development of this project. This study also discusses entrepreneurship and its expansion into the enterprise corporate entrepreneurship. Explaining the importance and the role in large companies. The business plan is a great tool and demonstrated, mainly in the marketing plan, evidences of project feasibility