Efeito da aplicação de prostaglandina (PGF2α) no pós-parto imediato sobre a incidência de retenção de placenta em vacas de leite

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of an intramuscular injection of prostaglandin, within the first hour post partum, on the incidence of retained fetal membranes in cows, at 8 and 12 hours post-partum. Eighty-two cows were used as controls and 82 were treated with 25mg of prostaglandin (LUTALYSE®, 5ml), in two different farms. Cows treated with PGF 2α released the placenta faster (P < 0.10) than cows in the control group (7.72±0.84 vs. 10.07±1.09h). The incidence of retained placenta with more than 8h post partum was 30.5% in the control group and 17.1% in the treated group (P < 0.05), and with more than 12h was 19.5% in the control group and 12.2% in the treated group (P < 0.10). Farm, body condition score and parity showed influence on retained placenta rates, whereas sex of calf and help during calving did not have influence. These data showed that prostaglandin treatment within the first hour post-partum is capable of reduce the incidence of retained placenta and may work as a preventive treatment.

Atividades de peroxidase e polifenoloxidase durante o armazenamento pós - Colheita de yacon (polymnia sonchifolia poep & endl)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities during the refrigeration at 4oC of yacon tuberous roots with and without polyethylene packing and compared with untreated roots at regular conditions. It was concluded that refrigeration treatment maintains a low activity of these enzymes and keeps good appearance of the roots.

Erosão hídrica de Latossolo Vermelho muito argiloso relevo ondulado em área de pós-plantio de eucalipto no Vale do Rio Doce, região Centro Leste do Estado de Minas Gerais

The erosion caused by running water constitutes important cause of environmental degradation and productivity reduction, which justifies its evaluation in areas of eucalypt commercial plantations, mainly in ondulated slope conditions. The present study was intended to evaluate the influence of different management systems, in an undulated eucalypt pos-planting area, upon soil and water losses by erosion. The experiment was installed in a very clayey Red Latosol (Oxisol) under three eucalypt management systems (downhill planting with burning of crop residues - EDq; downhill planting with maintenance of crop residues on soil surface - ED; level planting with maintenance of crop residues on soil surface - EN), native forest (FN), bare soil (SD), and native pasture (PN). The soil and water losses evaluations were performed in standard plots installed in the field. All eucalypt systems presented very low values of soil losses in relation to the established tolerance limit, indicating the adequacy of these management systems concerning water erosion. The sustainability of these environments regarding erosion is indicated by the fact that soil losses in eucalipt were very close to those observed in native forest (reference).

Injeção epidural de cetamina ou cetamina levógira no controle da dor pós-incisional, em eqüinos

The aim of this study was to evaluate the pre-emptive effect of epidural ketamine S (+) (SK) or racemic ketamine (RK) administration, in post-incisional pain in horses. Were used in a blinded, randomized experimental study, sixteen mixed breed mares, 6±2 years old, weighting 273.2±42.0 kg. An epidural catheter was inserted 24 hours before the trials. The thigh region was shaved bilaterally, and mechanical cutaneous sensibility was measured using von Frey filaments (T-30). Using the left side as the control one, local anesthesia was performed at the right side. Twenty-five minutes later, SK was injected in G1 or RK in G2 through the epidural catheter. Five minutes after the ketamine injection, a 10 cm skin incision was made on the right side, and then sutured. Mechanical post-incisional pain was measured using von Frey filaments, at 1, 3 and 5 cm around the incision at 15 minutes intervals, for 2 hours, then 4, 6 and 8 hours after suturing. No changes were observed in the heart and respiratory rate and rectal temperature among groups or times of each group. Hind limb ataxia was observed in 62.5% and 12.5% of G1 and G2 respectively. SK and RK reduced cutaneous sensibility in the right and the left sides to mechanical postincisional pain during all time of experiment. Epidural SK and RK produce similar post-incisional analgesic effects, did not interfere in the cardio-respiratory parameters. The SK induces more intense ataxia in mares and presents a larger analgesic potency in the first 60 minutes after the administration.

Linhagem materna: Qual a sua influência em características pré e pós desmama em bovinos da raça Nelore?

The present work had as objective to evaluate the effects of the introduction of the maternal lineage (Lc), representing the mitochondrial inheritance, in the model of genetic evaluation on birth weight (BW), weight for 120 days (W120), weaning weight (WW), weight at 12 month (W12), weight at 18 month (W18), weight gain from weaning to 18 month (WG18), scrotal perimeter (SP) and temperament (TEMP) of a Brazilian Nelore herd. Two models had been used for raise a comparison among of estimates the (co)variances components and genetic parameter, been the first equal one to currently used in the genetic evaluations of this herd, and second included the random effect of maternal lineage. Amongst the analyzed characteristics, the maternal lineage effect was significant (P<0.05) for W18 and SP only it, where this effect was responsible for 3% and 7%, respectively, of phenotypic variance could be explained by Lc effect. For besides characteristics, however not significant, this effect was responsible for 1% and 9% of phenotypic variance.

Efeito do eCG ou benzoato de estradiol associado ao norgestomet na taxa de concepção de vacas de corte submetidas à IATF no pós-parto

This study aimed to compare conception rates at the postpartum period (PPP) in beef cows which were administered either Equine Chorionic Gonadotrophin (eCG) or Estradiol Benzoate (EB) after Norgestomet and submitted to fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). The hypothesis was that the administration of eCG or EB enhances the conception rate. Lactating Nelore cows (n=138) and Brangus (n = 63), between 26 and 118 days of post partum period (PPP) were divided into three homogeneous groups, and subdivided in two blocks, inside each group one of them with a PPP d'' 45 days (PPP1; n=107) and another with a PPP > 45 days (PPP2; n=94). All cows received an auricular implant containing 3mg Norgestomet (Crestar®), followed by the administration of 5mg Estradiol Valerate. The auricular implants were kept during 10 days. Cows received 1mL saline solution (n=68, Control Group) or 500IU eCG (Folligon®; n=67; eCG Group) or 1mg Estradiol Benzoate (Index, n=66; EB Group) 24 hours after the removal of the implant. FTAI was made 54 hours after the implant removal. The pregnancy diagnosis was carried through ultrasonography 30 days after FTAI. There was an interaction between treatments and PPP. In the PPP1, the conception rate was higher in the eCG Group than in the EB Group (47.22% vs. 15.38%; Pd''0.01). In the PPP2, the conception rates of the eCG and EB Groups were higher than in the Control Group (41.93%, 44.44% vs. 22.22%: Pd''0.01). It was concluded that in cows up to 45 days of PPP, the eCG associated with Norgestomet enhances the conception rates.

Caracterização morfológica do fruto, da semente e desenvolvimento pós-seminal do abacateiro

A propagação do abacateiro é comercialmente, realizada por enxertia da variedade desejada sobre porta-enxertos seminais. No entanto, a literatura é discordante sobre a ocorrência de poliembrionia e tipo de fruto, nesta espécie. Em função do exposto, o trabalho objetivou caracterizar o tipo de fruto, aspectos morfológicos da semente e da plântula, além de avaliar o número de embriões existente. O abacateiro possui frutos do tipo baga, as sementes são monoembriônicas e exalbuminosas, a germinação é hipógea e a emergência das plântulas ocorreu 33 dias após a semeadura. A raiz primária é longa e de coloração branca e as raízes secundárias são curtas e filiformes. Os cotilédones são maciços e de coloração rosada. Foi possível observar a presença de múltiplos caulículos na semente de abacate, originados do colo. As sementes apresentam policaulia; o início da estabilização da emergência de plântulas ocorreu na oitava semana, sendo inviável para a propagação da espécie, manter essas sementes no viveiro por mais tempo.

Utilização de água residuária do processo pós-colheita do café na produção de mudas de cafeeiro

Intending to achieve better results on coffee production, the coffee producers began, since the 80s, to process the coffee postharvest, in order to ensure product's superior quality. However, with the processing, other problem appeared, the contamination of rivers, creeks, soil and water table from coffee wastewater (ARC). This paper had as main objective to use the ARC on the coffee plants' production verifying its viability and if the ARC is able to supply the coffee potassium requirements when they don't receive potassium chloride in the organic compound. The work was developed at Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - UNESP, Botucatu-SP, in a greenhouse located at Departamento de Engenharia Rural. The work consisted of 10 treatments on a 5×2 factorial (5 wastewater proportions of coffee after the harvest processing - 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% - and potassium chloride presence or absence in the composition), with 4 repetitions with a completely randomized statistical design. The ARC was applied each 48 hours in an irrigation depth of 10 mm. After 6 months, the plants' vegetative characteristic had been evaluated as well the chemical characteristics of the compound and of the plants. We observed that the treatments with potassium chloride presence showed worse vegetative characteristics compared with treatments which did not have KCl in its composition. Moreover, with the increase of the wastewater dosage, it happened a decrease in the vegetative characteristics, however an addition in the chemical characteristics of the compound. Also, the treatments without KCl presence and with 0% and 25% of coffee wastewater had been statistically equal, showing the viability in the use of the ARC in the production of coffee plants, since the compound does not contain KCl and that the water used in the composition is a mixture of 25% of ARC with 75% of common water.

Glicemia, proteinograma e perfil de alguns componentes bioquímicos séricos de cabras da raça bôer no pós-parto

The objective was to test the hypothesis that there is variation of some protein components, biochemical and glucose from the blood of goats in the postpartum period. ElevenBoer goats were used to evaluate the serum following variables: total protein (TP), albumin, α-globulin, β-globulin, γ-globulin, immunoglobulin G (IgG), aspartate (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), creatinine, urea and glucose. These components were determined in moments zero (immediately after delivery), two, seven, 15, 30 and 75 days postpartum. The β-globulin, IgG, creatinine and urea from the goats did not show significant variations, the blood glucose at time zero was greater than the baseline values due to physiological stimulation of glycogenesis determined by the increase of cortisol in delivery. The blood constituents of goats showed variations in the period to 75 days postpartum as a result physiological causes related to delivery and postpartum.

Morfologia do epidídimo de cobaio (Cavia porcellus) em diferentes fases do desenvolvimento pós-natal

The morphological evolution of the epididymal duct of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus, L.) was studied on 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 70, 90 and 100 days of age, being complex, which is due to the proper differentiation postnatal in the epididymal epithelium. Thus, it was observed that the initial segment of the epididymis reveals an increase of epithelial height corresponding to the average height of the main tubular epithelium cells, generally progressive after 45 days of age. The epithelial height in the middle segment were higher in younger stages (10 to 45 days) than in the prepubertal age (60 days), and have a decrease among 70 to 100 days of age. The ductular terminal segment starts a gradual decrease of the epithelial heights from puberal age (70 days), until adult age (90 to 100 days). In addition, this segment showed epithelial waviness that disappeared after 70 days of age, when the lumen fills it with sperm and cellular exfoliation. The cell types of the epididymal tubular epithelium, principal cells, basal cells and apical cells, were observed in all ages. In the epididymis of very young animals, there was a predominance of undifferentiated columnar cells. After 20 days of age, there was natural prevalence of the principal cells on other cell types, what is a feature similar to other mammals.

Controle em pós-colheita de Penicillium digitatum em laranja-pera com microrganismos e tratamento térmico

The consumer market demands food without pesticide residues. Therefore, this study focused on evaluating the control of green mold in Pera orange trees with biocontrol agents (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis (QST 713)), associated or not with heat treatment. The fruit was obtained in packinghouse before processing, being washed and disinfected with the use of Sodium Hypochlorite. Fruits submitted to these treatments were stored from 11 to 28 days at temperature of 10 °C and RH 90%±5 or for eight days at 20 °C and 90%±5. In general, the heat treatment reduced the disease severity determine by the area under the disease progress curve in the fruit and the incidence of natural postharvest disease in Pera oranges. On the other hand, biocontrol agents did not control the disease, showing that the organisms tested did not present curative activity against the green mold.

Evolução de pacientes com AIDS pós cART: Evolução clínica e laboratorial de pacientes com AIDS após 48 semanas de tratamento antirretroviral

Combination Antiretroviral Therapy (cART) aims to inhibit viral replication, delay immunodeficiency progression and improve survival in AIDS patients. The objective of this study was to compare two different schemes of cART, based on plasma viral load (VL) and CD4+ T lymphocyte count, during 48 weeks of treatment. For this purpose, 472 medical charts of a Specialized Outpatient Service were reviewed from 1998 to 2005. Out of these, 58 AIDS patients who had received a triple drug scheme as the initial treatment were included in the study and two groups were formed: Group 1 (G1): 47 individuals treated with two nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) and one non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor; Group 2 (G2): 11 patients treated with two NRTI and one protease inhibitor. In G1 and G2, 53.2% and 81.8% respectively were patients with an AIDS-defining disease. The T CD4+ lymphocyte count increased progressively up until the 24th week of treatment in all patients, while VL became undetectable in 68.1% of G1 and in 63.6% of G2. The study concluded that the evolutions of laboratory tests were similar in the two treatment groups and that both presented a favorable clinical evolution.