435 resultados para Melhoramento genético


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The Brazilian livestock stands out for having the world largest commercial herd of cattle and leads meat exportation and production of bovine embryos. The in vitro production (IVP) of embryos is considered an effective option to overcome problems such as infertility in cows with high economic value and also for genetic improvement of cattle. The in vitro oocyte maturation is an essential step to the success of IVP, but is still considered poor when compared to in vivo maturation. Recent studies have suggeested an important role of Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 (FGF10) on the in vitro maturation of oocytes, which favored the expression of genes related to oocyte maturation and cumulus cell expansion. Aware that maturity stage influences the final production of blastocysts, we aimed study to verify if the addition of FGF10 into the maturation medium is able to affect positively the IVP of bovine embryos. Hence, FGF10 was added to maturation in five different concentrations: 0.5 ng/mL (group 0.5), 2.5 ng/mL (group 2.5), 5 ng/mL (group 5), 10 ng/mL (group 10) and 50 ng/mL (group 50). Additionally, two other maturation groups were used, group BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin, 4 mg/mL) and group FCS (Fetal Calf Serum, 10%). The rates of cleavage, morula and blastocyst were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), differences of P<0.05 were considered significant. Cleavage rates did not differ between the seven groups. On the other hand, morula rate on FCS group was higher than groups BSA, 0.5, 10 and 50 (P<0.05), but did not differ among groups treated with intermediate doses of FGF10 (2.5 and 5). FCS group presented higher blastocyst rate compared to all other groups that were well below the FCS group (P<0.0001). Therefore, the use of FGF10 during oocyte maturation did not affect positively embryo development on the IVP of bovine embryos

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In vitro production of bovine embryo (IVP) has become a remarkable assisted reproduction biotechnology in Brazil, once it is considered an important tool for the genetic improvement of the herd. However, many abnormalities are associated with IVP technologies, such as higher incidences of embryo loss, abortions, hydrallantois and dystocia, prolonged gestation, increased birth weight and high perinatal mortality. Collectively, these abnormalities are known as “Large Offspring Syndrome”, which has limited the large-scale use of IVP technologies in cattle industry

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The soybean crop is considered a high expression around the world. In plant breeding programs, knowledge of genetic diversity is extremely important and in this context, are frequently used multivariate analyzes. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the genetic divergence between soybean crosses through multivariate techniques. In total, 16 crosses were evaluated, which were in the F2 generation of inbreeding. The evaluated characteristics were plant height at maturity, height of the first pod, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of nodes per plant, hundred seed weight, grain yield and oil content. For the analyzes was used Euclidean distance, methods of hierarchical clustering UPGMA and Ward and principal component analysis. Genetic distances estimated using Euclidean distance ranged from 1.24 to 8.13, with the smallest distance observed between crosses C1 and C4, and the greatest distance between the C2 crosses and C6. The methods UPGMA clustering and Ward met crossings in five different groups. The principal component analysis explained 86.2% of the variance contained in the original eight variables with three main components. The APM characters, NV, NR, NN, PG% and oil were the main contributors to genetic divergence among traits. Multivariate techniques were crucial to the analysis of genetic diversity, and the methods of Ward and UPGMA clustering and principal components have consistent results in this way, the simultaneous use of these tools in genetic analysis of crosses is indicated

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A produção de eucalipto no Brasil, impulsionada pelo avanço na tecnologia florestal, tem alcançado índices satisfatórios a nível mundial nos últimos anos. No entanto, apesar de todo o desenvolvimento já obtido, a realização de novas pesquisas que tenham como objetivo aumentar a produtividade do eucalipto com áreas cultivadas reduzidas é muito relevante. A associação do melhoramento genético convencional com técnicas modernas de cunho biotecnológico é imprescindível para que tal benefício seja alcançado. Dentre as ferramentas moleculares necessárias para que tais objetivos sejam atingidos, a identificação e caracterização de promotores órgão-específico representa uma prioridade. Nesse contexto, um EST de eucalipto com expressão específica em raiz foi identificado pelo nosso grupo junto ao banco de dados do projeto FORESTs. A região promotora correspondente foi então amplificada usando a técnica de genome walking. A fim de dar continuidade ao processo de caracterização funcional deste promotor, no presente estudo o fragmento amplificado foi sequenciado, um cassete de expressão contendo o referido promotor foi construído, e plantas transgênicas de tabaco contendo tal cassete foram obtidas visando futuras análises funcionais

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A biotecnologia define-se pelo uso de conhecimentos sobre os processos biológicos e sobre as propriedades dos seres vivos, com o fim de resolver problemas e criar produtos de utilidade. É importante frisar que uma das principais vantagens da biotecnologia moderna voltada para a área vegetal é a de poder gerar estratégias de melhoramento aplicáveis a diferentes culturas. Uma das principais estratégias de ação nessa área trata da produção de plantas geneticamente modificadas com transgenes de interesse. Nesse contexto, a identificação e caracterização de promotores com padrão de expressão tecido-específico é essencial para que a expressão de tais transgenes em plantas de interesse agronômico e florestal, como em eucalipto, fique limitada a determinados órgãos/tecidos. Assim, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo clonar e sequenciar a região promotora de um gene com expressão específica em raiz de eucalipto cujo produto gênico tem similaridade a uma aquaporina. Uma vez clonado, o promotor foi introduzido em vetor binário e inserido em plantas de tabaco visando a sua caracterização funcional. Além disso, a expressão do gene em estudo foi investigada em eucalipto, e uma analise filogenética comparativa com outras angiospermas foi empreendida

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In the last years Brazil has achieved a leading position in worldwide cattle breeding. This country is consolidating the practice of an intensive and technical level cattle breeding, due to greater emphasis on reproductive efficiency and genetic improvement. The attention given to reproductive efficiency became to enhance the genetic improvement process, by exploiting the full reproductive potential of the animals. The biotechniques applied to reproduction arised to expand the reproductive potential for greater economic return. Are the most important reproductive biotechniques the FTAI and in vivo and in vitro embryo production for embryo transfer. Different hormonal treatments are consolidating to interfere with normal physiology in order to achieve the desired goals. The FTAI works to increase the reproductive rates of cattle through pre-booked artificial insemination in all the females in reproduction, without the need for estrous detection. The in vivo and in vitro embryo production aims to distribute the genetics of males and females genetically improved by transferring their embryos to genetically inferior females. Superovulation treatments designed to prevent the mechanism of dominance, which results in many follicles ovulating simultaneously for in vivo embryo production. To the in vitro embryo production, the technique of ovarian puncture guided by transvaginal ultrasound allows to aspirate a number of quality oocytes. The application of biotech is based on knowledge of the female and ovarian reproductive physiology and knowledge of their acting in different breeds and environments.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Proteção de Plantas) - FCA

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Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento Animal - FCAV

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Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

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Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento Animal - FCAV

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Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento Animal - FCAV