305 resultados para Meio ambiente : Qualidade
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Diante dos preocupantes problemas ambientais causados ao nosso planeta, sabe-se que a sua maioria está relacionada ao uso abundante e inconsequente dos recursos naturais, e que estes problemas são consequência direta da intervenção humana nos diferentes ecossistemas da Terra, causando desequilíbrios no meio ambiente e comprometendo a qualidade de vida. No Brasil, aproximadamente 40% da extração de recursos naturais têm como objetivo a indústria da construção. Sabe-se que 50% da energia gerada é para abastecer somente o funcionamento das edificações e 50% dos resíduos sólidos urbanos vêm das construções e demolições, os chamados “entulhos”. Frente a isso, profissionais começaram a pensar em alternativas para utilizar cada vez menos energia proveniente de combustíveis fósseis não renováveis, como os arquitetos que passaram a estudar os princípios bioclimáticos para reduzir as necessidades energéticas das edificações e assegurar o conforto com métodos construtivos ecológicos. Tendo em vista a importância da Sustentabilidade para o mundo em que vivemos, este trabalho consiste no projeto de uma edificação independente do uso de combustíveis fósseis e de energias geradas por fontes que agridem o meio ambiente. A proposta se baseia no projeto sustentável de um Centro Comunitário para os bairros Morada do Sol e Belo Galindo, em Presidente Prudente, SP
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The objective of this project is to collaborate with the society, working on a subject that is directly linked to issues of sustainability and environmental preservation. For this, a survey is being developed in order to make possible the creation of an intelligent mechanism, with the use of wireless solutions for the control of energy consumption in order to meet the needs of quality of life and reduce the average consumption of electrical energy. An intelligent lighting system can be explained simply, as an interconnected network of lamps in order to meet needs such as light intensity, the location of it, the moment will turn on or turn off the lights, among other possibilities. This network of lamps is controlled by algorithms implemented using microcontrollers, which may or may not have changed its characteristics. This can be automatic (pre-programmed by the administrator) or manual (controlled via a remote control, phones, etc.), and will depend upon the manager himself and also the characteristics imposed on the project. However, it is important to note that after the search is complete, decisions will be consistent with the Brazilian reality, ie, this system can only be feasible if it has all the characteristics described above, but with an affordable price so that people can acquire it
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A Fundação para a Conservação e a Produção Florestal do Estado de São Paulo – Fundação Florestal, órgão vinculado a secretaria do Meio Ambiente, tem por objetivo contribuir para a conservação, manejo e ampliação das florestas de proteção e produção do Estado de São Paulo. A regional de Botucatu atua na gestão de Unidades de Conservação (UC), sendo elas a APA (Área de Proteção Ambiental) Corumbataí – Botucatu - Tejupá, a APA Ibitinga e a APA Rio Batalha. APA é uma UC de uso sustentável destinada a proteger e conservar a qualidade ambiental e os sistemas naturais ali existentes. Além disso, atua também na criação de Unidades de Conservação, em especial as RPPNs (Reservas Particulares do Patrimônio Natural), que é uma categoria de UC privada, com o objetivo de conservar a diversidade biológica. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo descrever as atividades realizadas durante o período de estágio, em especial aquelas voltadas ao Programa RPPN Paulistas da Fundação Florestal. Sabendo que a RPPN representa uma importante participação da sociedade na conservação da biodiversidade e da grande dificuldade encontrada pelos proprietários na gestão de sua reserva, com o objetivo de ampliar as estratégias do Programa RPPN Paulistas, foi desenvolvido uma entrevista com os proprietários mediante um questionário, estruturado em 5 partes, sendo elas: quanto à criação da RPPN, quanto à gestão da RPPN (Plano de Proteção e Plano de Manejo), quanto às atividades desenvolvidas na reserva, quanto ao grau de satisfação, e comentários finais, críticas e sugestões. Das 62 RPPNs reconhecidas no Estado de São Paulo, 21 proprietários participaram da pesquisa. Foi identificada a importância de parcerias entre proprietários de RPPN e as universidades. A existência de pesquisas científicas é bastante positiva, tanto para a RPPN, visto que ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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O impacto das atividades antropogênicas sobre o meio ambiente é um tema de grande relevância atualmente, atraindo a atenção da comunidade científica em geral, visto que essas atividades têm causado alterações significativas na qualidade da água, do solo e do ar. Dentre a ampla gama de poluentes resultantes das atividades humanas, merece destaque a classe dos metais pesados, os quais possuem propriedades tóxicas e genotóxicas, constituindo fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de desordens neurodegenerativas, artrite e câncer nas populações expostas a estes contaminantes, bem como alterações nos ecossistemas contaminados. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o potencial citotóxico, genotóxico e mutagênico do níquel como contaminante, utilizando Allium cepa (Liliaceae) como organismo-teste, a fim de detectar possíveis efeitos deletérios em seu material genético. Estas avaliações foram feitas por meio da exposição de sementes de A. cepa a três soluções, com diferentes concentrações de níquel. Os resultados obtidos no primeiro biensaio e na repetição estão apresentados na forma de artigo científico, a ser submetido para revista especializada. O estudo dos efeitos do níquel em A. cepa foram importantes, uma vez que os dados da avaliação dos danos induzidos neste organismo modelo podem ser utilizados para a comparação com modelos animais, sendo possível assim, a inferência dos perigos aos ecossistemas e à população que está exposta a esse contaminante
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The inclusion of sustainability practices in the construction is a growing trend. This propensity to sustainability takes place from the 1980’s due to the concern about the scarcity of natural resources and damages caused by the men to the environment. Another upward sector in the architecture business is the environmental psychology. The understanding of the environment and it’s planning and adaptation to meet the real user’s needs are essential factors to build an widely used and comfortable environment. An environment can only be considered complete when it meets the real user’s needs. Sustainability related themes as well as environmental psychology are highlighted in the discussions about the projects as fundamental factors to the environment’s quality. This work seeks the development of an kindergarten school, conceptually grounded in researches and analysis of school environments, playful projects and sustainability in the built environment, aiming its use in the city of Bauru. The project will be built from the understanding of the human behavior and in search of an sustainable architecture
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The consuming of the natural resources in the agricultural sector does not represent only one external factor of the productive process, but also it implies in a bigger cost for the production, justified for this environmental degradation. In view of the necessity of evaluating the sustainment of the agricultural businesses, the use of performance indicators if makes of extreme importance. The measurement of the support through environmentalindicators is one of the most accepted forms of performing the evaluation of one given agricultural activity. In this context, the Base System for Eco-certification of Agricultural Businesses (Eco-cert Rural) developed by the Embrapa Environment at Jaguariúna/SP, has for purpose to present a method of evaluation of the agricultural businesses, not only of the point of view of the ecological performance, as well as considering the social, economic and organizational aspects. Through the analysis of the performance of the activity and the regularization of the disconformities found, it makes possible the eco-certification of the activities in the varied existing protocols, offering technologies designed to the sustainable development of the agricultural businesses. Using Eco-cert.Rural, this work evaluated the contribution of the use of mechanized harvest in sugar cane handling, front to the traditional system of manual harvest, using the fire. In the Sugar Cane Activity General Performance Index, Agrícola Rio Claro scored 2,08 of a maximum of 15. Amongst all the indicators, those wich reached performance worse had been related to the Use of Energy and the Income, by increasing fossil fuel consumptiom, and implying income concentration due to resignations of rural workers. However, the improvements on the environment quality by supressing manual harvest through fire are very significant. Beyond the great reduction in...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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The building sector can cause the environmental degradation, by the natural resources consumption, machinery use and natural landscape modifying. The environmental management system (EMS) improves the environmental quality and makes the companies more competitive. So, this work developed an environmental management system in a building site focused on the solid waste and in the development of mitigation proposals for the most significant environmental impacts. To develop this work it was necessary to follow the building site activities; evaluate the solid waste management; identify the law requirements; identify the environmental aspects and impacts; evaluate the environmental impacts; and propose alternatives for mitigating the adverse environmental critical impacts. The main proposals are the reduction of the waste generation in the place that it’s generated; the reuse and correct final disposal of that wastes; the treatment and reuse of the effluent; and the supervising in the trucks and machineries avoiding the oil spilling and the air pollution
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This work aims to analyze the toughness of a welded joint in the presence of a crack through the analysis of maximum tension the material can withstand the presence of this type of defect, since a discontinuity is likely to occur in this type of joint and its detection and its design is simple, using non-destructive testing techniques. The study will be conducted through the CTOD test - Crack-Tip Opening Displacement, with type specimens SE (B) - Single Edge Bend taken from a weld in the L-C position in relation to the length (longitudinal axis) of a test tube. The main idea is to simulate the welding conditions for the manufacture of industrial pipes, made in boiler shops (pipe-shop) within petrochemical plants. These pipes are often subject to operation with flammable and toxic subjected to high pressures and temperatures, where one can break the line can cause irreparable damage to the plant, the environment and the health of surrounding communities. With this study we evaluate whether the weld metal has the same properties as fracture toughness of the base material. This study shows the importance of using a qualified welding procedure for performing quality welds while maintaining the properties of the fracture toughness of the base metal. It was found from the results of tests using a welding procedure described for carrying out welding ensures mechanical properties very close to the base metal, which in terms of design is great, since one can ensure that the weld will the same characteristics of the base metal specified for the assembly of the pipe
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O progresso econômico-social e o desenvolvimento industrial aumentaram as quantidades de resíduos gerados pela humanidade; para se obter um equilíbrio ambiental é preciso que estes sejam reintroduzidos no ciclo de produção, sob a forma de matéria-prima. O meio ambiente vem nos dando sinais da sua incapacidade de armazenar todos os resíduos gerados e ainda as reservas de matéria-prima não são inesgotáveis. Desta forma as políticas de gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos tornam-se fundamentais para o melhoramento da qualidade de vida da população e promover o crescimento sustentável das cidades no Brasil e no mundo. O município de Ribeirão Pires localiza-se na região do Grande ABC, a sudoeste do Estado de São Paulo, tendo a totalidade do seu pequeno território – 99 km2 – em área de mananciais, apresentando uma população de 107.046 habitantes, segundo dados oficiais. O objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu em realizar um diagnóstico da geração, coleta e destinação final dos resíduos sólidos domiciliares no município de Ribeirão Pires, além de verificar quais são as políticas e projetos da Prefeitura para essa área de atuação, e avaliar o sistema atual de coleta seletiva e triagem da cidade. Inicialmente, realizou-se uma revisão de bibliografia específica, consulta a trabalhos de pesquisa realizados por órgãos federais, estaduais e municipais, levantamento de dados e informações junto aos órgãos responsáveis pela administração dos resíduos sólidos, aplicação de entrevistas e questionários à parte técnica dos órgãos públicos relacionados diretamente com as atividades de coleta, tratamento e destinação final de resíduos sólidos domiciliares, além da visita à cooperativa de reciclagem. Após estas atividades, o material e os dados coletados foram analisados e sistematizados para gerar informações e conhecimento que contribuem... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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This academic work has as its objective to demonstrate the fundamental role of communication as a tool towards implantating an environmental management project in organizations, aswell as familiarizing with the complex relashionship be-tween green businesses and its publics. The concern involving environmental prob-lems are increasing and it directly affects the consumer’s choice and their requests on organizations’ behavior. The integration with all sectors of economy is necessary as a part of a developing process that has as its main objective the environmental conservation and therefore the quality of human life on planet. There is also the question of how in the process of communication there is not an only way of interven-tion, but a continuous reciprocal action. The work is accomplished with an analyses of the green management communication of the business Grupo Abril
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The constant search for improvements and the survival of organizations makes the strategic guidelines are deployed and executed at the operational levels. This work is the approach to critical analysis of the equipment of a chemical industry through a case study based on the classification of each equipment manufactures through qualitative and quantitative analysis on the pillars of maintenance costs, loss of production, MTBF, contribution margin, Health Safety and Environment (SHE). From this study and future data collection, along with the flow diagram show the main equipment that should be special attention. To this can be prepared an action plan with deadlines and responsible. With the results one can measure the maintenance costs, loss of production and technical availability of the plant, with future gains
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With the imposition of the suspension of production and subsequent banning of incandescent light bulbs will be necessary to replace it by other more energy-efficient. Although the main alternative is the compact fluorescent lamp, the environmental impact caused by it due to incorrect disposal and the amount of harmonics included in the network resulting in losses related to the quality of electric power system makes them sought new alternatives for lighting systems that are efficient and have low environmental impact. In this context, the LED (Lighting Emitting Diode), based on solid-state components, is presented as an option for new projects and replacement of existing lighting. In this work we studied aspects of energy, environmental and economic impacts of a possible replacement of conventional lighting systems for new technology. From laboratory tests and surveys of the costs of different types of lamps used for residential lighting, we performed a comparative analysis considering energy and economic aspects which showed that the LED technology, but has a high initial investment, it is best when power quality and environmental preservation are relevant factors in decision making for the choice of technology to be used in the lighting system
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The minimization and mitigation of environmental impacts caused by the activities of organizations is increasingly becoming a key concern due to factors such as market demand, including suppliers and consumer markets, quality standards and even marketing strategies. The implementation of an EMS - Environmental Management System - allows the organization to achieve the level of environmental performance for its determined and promotes continuous improvement over time. This system consists of a schedule of activities, so as to eliminate or minimize impacts to the environment through preventive actions. It also provides a structured approach to set and achieve goals and objectives, and to establish procedures, work instructions and control, ensuring that the implementation of the policy can become reality. The objective of this work consists in planning a system using environmental management based on the ISO 14001 - standard internationally more widespread and accepted in the requirements to establish and operate an EMS - the Central Library, UNESP, Rio Claro / SP to stimulate the quest for continuous improvement and sustainability in the educational institution. For making the diagnosis of this planning was used the PDCA methodology, suggested by the standard, as well as all requirements for compliance. The results show that the benefits that the organization will receive involve reducing expenses and cost of energy and water, and improve the organization's reputation before the whole university and other educational institutions, reaching about three thousand people on university
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Desde a década de 1960, atividades humanas negativas vêm crescendo em relação ao meio ambiente. Diversos caminhos vêm sendo apontados como recursos para minimizar ou solucionar os problemas alarmantes da alteração ambiental. A educação ambiental é compreendida como um desses recursos e para sua efetivação são necessárias propostas que envolvem estratégias e recursos didáticos diferenciados . Este trabalho visou à criação de um guia destinado ao professor, para auxiliá-lo no desenvolvimento de aula de campo, com a temática mamíferos, favorecendo a conscientização dos alunos sobre a importância biológica desses animais e de sua conservação. O guia propõe uma atividade de campo para a aprendizagem dos alunos pela observação e identificação de pegadas de mamíferos presentes na Fazenda Edgárdia
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One of the ways to minimize the effects of unproductive time caused by tool wear can be achieved by introducing an efficient system of lubrication and cooling in the process. However, in the last decade the research had the goal to restrict the maximum use of refrigerants and / or lubricants in metal-mechanical production. The important factors that justify this procedure include the operational costs of production, ecological issues, and the legal requirements of environmental conservation and preservation of human health. The purpose of the proposed work is the study of machining by turning with the focus on the influence caused by the application of cutting fluid in several ways of application (abundant and MQF) and also by comparing the results obtained by machining without the presence of fluid . For this purpose, the turning tests are conducted using an aluminum alloy (AA 7075). The response variables to be analyzed were obtained from the roughness (Ra and Ry), the stresses presented (VB) and their progression in relation to the cutting length achieved, the type of chip formed, in addition to changes in the degree of finish (roughness) presented by the turned parts. The results of this study should provide more detailed information about the actual influence of cutting fluids in turning this alloy, which are characterized by high rates of deformation when the formation of damaging your chip machining and also the quality of surface generated. Therefore, it is expected to provide subsidies to promote the optimization of machining this alloy making the most of the role of cutting fluid