302 resultados para Calagem dos solos


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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

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O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento físico-hídrico dos solos do Perímetro Irrigado Curaçá, no município de Juazeiro–BA, que possam ser utilizados como base para definir práticas de manejo de solo e da irrigação. Foram coletadas amostras em 10 lotes agrícolas em duas profundidades (0-0,30m e 0,30-0,60m) de diferentes perfis de solos cultivados com várias culturas, determinando-se a granulometria, densidade, porosidade, curva de retenção de água no solo, água disponível e disponibilidade total de água no solo. Verificou-se que os solos amostrados possuem textura areia franca em 45% das amostras estudadas, seguida de franca arenosa, em 35%, apresentando reduzido armazenamento de água. A média da densidade do solo foi de 2,06 e 1,94 Mg.m-3 nas duas profundidades, indicando compactação em 100% na superfície e 87,5% na camada sub-superficial dos solos. Concluiu-se que os solos analisados apresentam textura arenosa e, assim, naturalmente propensos a uma reduzida retenção da água no solo. Possuem, ainda, problemas de compactação, ao longo do perfil do solo.

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Os solos são classificados por seus horizontes e atributos diagnósticos para que possam ser agrupados por semelhanças e fornecer informações relativas a sua utilização. Conhecer a variabilidade espacial dos atributos diagnósticos utilizados na classificação do solo é importante na definição do manejo do solo. O objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar a dependência espacial dos atributos diagnósticos na classificação de solos (índice de avermelhamento, gradiente textural e V%) e identificar os limites entre classes de solos. O índice de avermelhamento, gradiente textural e V% do solo foram determinados nos horizontes A e B de uma grade amostral de 65 pontos coletados no Horto da cidade de Mogi-Guaçu, SP. A análise da variabilidade espacial dos atributos estudados foi realizada por meio da geoestatística, considerando a dependência espacial no intervalo de amostragem. Todos os atributos do Horto de Mogi-Guaçu apresentaram dependência espacial e foram interpolados pela krigagem ordinária para obtenção dos mapas temáticos. Com base nos mapas de índice de avermelhamento, gradiente textural e V% foi possível gerar o mapa de classes de solos. Na área de estudo houve maior ocorrência de solos Vermelho Amarelo sem migração de argila do horizonte A para o B e Distrófico.

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Monitoring of soil carbon storage may indicate possible effects of climate change on the terrestrial environment and it is therefore necessary to understand the influence of redox potential and chemical characteristics of humic substances (HS) of Antarctic soil. Five soils from King George Island were used. HS were extracted, quantified and characterized by potentiometry and the content of total carbon and nitrogen determined. HS of these soils had greater aliphatic character, low content of phenolic groups, lower acidity and lower formal standard electrode potential, compared to HS of soils from other regions, suggesting they are more likely to be oxidized.

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The effects on soil chemical properties brought about by cover crops vary considerably. This study was conducted to evaluate nutrient uptake by five cover crops used for grain, seed and forage production at different seed densities per hectare, as well as uptake by spontaneous vegetation, and their effect on the chemical properties of two Oxisols when grown in rotation with soybean and corn. The experiments were set up in Votuporanga, SP, Brazil and Selvíria, MS, Brazil in March 2008 after conventional soil tillage. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with four replications with the following cover crops at different seed densities: Sorghum bicolor at 6, 7 and 8 kg ha-1; Pennisetum americanum at 10, 15 and 20 kg ha-1; Sorghum sudanense at 12, 15 and 18 kg ha-1; hybrid of Sorghum bicolor with Sorghum sudanense at 8, 9 and 10 kg ha-1; and Urochloa ruziziensis at 8, 12 and 16 kg ha-1. We also used a spontaneous vegetation control. After management of the cover crops, in the first year of study, soybean was sown in no-tillage system and, in the second year, corn was sown, also in a no-tillage system. We evaluated the dry matter yield of different cover crops, nutrient uptake by the cover crops, and the chemical changes in the soil. It was found that in clayey soils with high aluminum content, as in Selvíria, sudan grass at a seed density of 18 kg ha-1, and sorghum at a seed density of 6 kg ha-1, in combination with liming, contributed to reduction of aluminum content and high potential acidity and an increase in base saturation. The different seed densities of each cover crop did not affect the dry matter yield of the cover crop itself, but affected nitrogen uptake of the hybrid Sorghum bicolor with Sorghum sudanense at a seed density of 10 kg ha-1, with lower uptake than at a seed density of 8 kg ha-1. Seed density also affected the organic matter content in the soil with sudan grass, with the seed density of 15 kg ha-1 providing more organic matter content than a seed density of 18 kg ha-1.

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

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Better knowledge of the anthropogenic soils can help create future scenarios for the Amazon region through information that supports the sustainable planning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability of soil physical anthropogenic and not anthropogenic in the region of Manipur, AM. In the study area we selected two, one with no anthropogenic soils (native forest) and another with anthropogenic soils (black earth archaeological). In each area, we established a grid measuring 70 x 70 m and the soils were sampled at the points of intersection of the grid with regular spacing of 10 by 10 feet, making a total of 64 sampling points in each landscape. Soil samples were collected at a depth from 0.0 to 0.10 I did the analyzes physical (texture, bulk density, macroporosity, microporososidade, porosity and aggregate stability). Then, the data were subjected to descriptive statistics and geostatistics. It was found that the anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic soils showed different behaviors in relation ace their spatial structures. The spatial variability that prevailed in anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic soil was moderate and weak indicating that these soils are strongly linked to changes in the soil by extrinsic factors. The soil was observed anthropogenic best results for total porosity, microporosity and bulk density, showing superior characteristics compared for agronomic soil not anthropogenic. And the range of values found in the above two areas were used in the mesh, showing greater spatial continuity in these environments.