Pesos de abate e uréia protegida na dieta de terminação em confinamento de bovinos Nelore não castrados

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Silagem de milheto e de milho na dieta de vacas leiteiras

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Feno de erva-sal (Atriplex nummularia) na terminação de cordeiros Santa Inês

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Derivados da extração do óleo de girassol para vacas leiteiras

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Teores de lipídeos em dietas de novilhos Nelore sobre parâmetros ruminais, desempenho e características de carcaça

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desempenho e características da carcaça e da carne de cordeiros terminados em confinamento com dietas contendo silgens de resíduos de peixes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Fontes lipídicas na alimentação de ovinos confinados

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Effect of lipid sources and inclusion levels in diets for broiler chickens

This research aimed to evaluate the interactions and effects of 2 and 4% addition levels of poultry slaughterhouse fat (chicken tallow) and soybean oil in diets for broiler chickens. Two experiments were carried out using one-day-old male Cobb chicks in an entirely random design with a 2x2 factorial scheme. In the first experiment, 560 chicks were used to evaluate performance and carcass characteristics. In the second experiment, 100 chicks were used to determine the nutrient digestibility, dietary energy utilization and the lipase and amylase pancreatic activity. There was no interaction between the fat sources and the addition levels for any of the analyzed variables, except for the digestibility coefficient of dry matter (DCDM), which was higher in diets added with 2% soybean oil when compared to chicken tallow. The addition of 4% fat in the diet, regardless of fat source, improved the digestibility coefficient of ethereal extract (DCEE) and increased weight gain and feed intake. Moreover, in the initial phase, the addition of 4% fat to the diet increased lipase activity when compared to diets with 2% addition, and a positive correlation between DCEE and pancreatic lipase activity was observed. In conclusion, there is no interaction between fat sources and addition levels, except for DCDM. Carcass characteristics are not influenced by any of the studied factors. The addition of 4% fat increases pancreatic lipase activity and improves DCEE, resulting in greater weight gain, regardless of the tested fat source, making chicken tallow a great alternative to soybean oil.

Resveratrol reduces chronic inflammation and improves insulin action in the myocardium of high-fat diet-induced obeserats

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do resveratrol sobre a via de sinalização da insulina e melhora do quadro inflamatório no miocárdio de ratos Wistar obesos induzidos por dieta.MÉTODOS: Ratos Wistar foram divididos em grupos: controle (dieta padrão para roedores), obeso (dieta hiperlipídica) e obeso suplementado com resveratrol (20 mg/kg/dia), por 8 semanas (n=10). Ao final do período experimental, realizou-se o teste de tolerância à insulina, nos tempos 0 (sem insulina), 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 e 30 minutos após injeção intraperitoneal de insulina (2 U/kg). O peso corporal e o tecido adiposo epididimal foram mensurados. Fragmentos do miocárdio foram extraídos para análises da via da insulina e moléculas pró-inflamatórias através de Western blot.RESULTADOS: Os resultados indicam que a intervenção com resveratrol aumenta a constante de decaimento da glicose, fosforilação do receptor de insulina, substrato do receptor de insulina e da proteína quinase B. A suplementação de resveratrol também reduziu os níveis proteicos do fator de necrose tumoral alfa e de moléculas envolvidas com a transdução do sinal pró-inflamatório (quinase indutora do kappa B e fator nuclear kappa B). Os resultados ainda sugerem que a melhora na sensibilidade à insulina e a redução das moléculas pró-inflamatórias ocorreram independentemente da perda de peso corporal e da redução do tecido adiposo epididimal.CONCLUSÃO: A suplementação de resveratrol aumenta a sensibilidade à insulina, o que está relacionado à redução de fatores inflamatórios no miocárdio.

Effects of chronic stress and high-fat diet on metabolic and nutritional parameters in Wistar rats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Predictive capacity of anthropometric indicators for abdominal fat in the oldest old

Cardiovascular diseases are a growing public health problem that affects most people over the age of 65 years and abdominal obesity is one of the risk factors for the development of these diseases. There are several methods that can be used to measure body fat, but their accuracy needs to be evaluated, especially in specific populations such as the elderly. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of anthropometric indicators to estimate the percentage of abdominal fat in subjects aged 80 years or older. A total of 125 subjects ranging in age from 80 to 95 years (83.5 ± 3), including 79 women (82.4 ± 3 years) and 46 men (83.6 ± 3 years), were studied. The following anthropometric indicators were used: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). The percentage of abdominal fat was measured by DEXA. Sensitivity and specificity were analyzed using an ROC curve. The sensitivity, specificity and AUC were 0. 578, 0. 934 and 0. 756 for BMI, respectively; 0.703, 0.820 and 0.761 for WC; 0.938, 0.213 and 0.575 for WHR, and 0.984, 0.344 and 0.664 for WHtR. BMI and WC were the anthropometric indicators with the largest area under the curve and were therefore more adequate to identify the presence or absence of abdominal obesity.

A high-fat diet increases interleukin-3 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor production by bone marrow cells and triggers bone marrow hyperplasia and neutrophilia in wistar rats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

AKT and AMPK Activation after High-Fat and High-Glucose In Vitro Treatment of Prostate Epithelial Cells

Considering the increasing consumption of saturated fat and glucose in diets worldwide and its possible association to carcinogenesis, this investigation analysed the proliferation profile of nonmalignant human prostate epithelial cells after exposure to elevated levels of fat and glucose. PNT1A cells were cultured with palmitate (100 or 200 mu M) and/or glucose (450mg/dl) for 24 or 48 h. Treated cells were evaluated for viability test and cell proliferation (MTS assay). AKT and AMPK phosphorylation status were analysed by Western blotting. After 24 h of high-fat alone or associated with high-glucose treatment, there was an increase in AMPK and AKT activation associated to unchanged MTS-cell proliferation. Following 48 h of high-fat but not high-glucose alone, cells decreased AMPK activation and maintained elevated AKT levels. These data were associated to increased cell proliferation after further high-fat treatment. After longer high-fat exposure, MTS revealed that cells remained proliferating. High-glucose alone or associated to high-fat treatment was not able to increase cell proliferation and AKT activation. A high-fat medium containing 100 mu M of palmitate stimulates proliferation in PNT1A cells by decreasing the activation of AMPK and increasing activation of AKT after longer exposure time. These findings improve the knowledge about the negative effect of high levels of this saturated fatty acid on proliferative disorders of prostate.

Evaluation of a simple alkaline pretreatment for screening of sugarcane hybrids according to their in vitro digestibility

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Exposure to lard-based high-fat diet during fetal and lactation periods modifies breast cancer susceptibility in adulthood in rats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)