Parâmetros fisiológicos de cultivares de cevada sob déficits hídricos

The objective of this study was to evaluate some physiological parameters in six barley cultivars (Borema, Lagoa, BRS-180, BRS-195, EMB-128 e BRS-225), under water stress in different crop phenological phases. The treatments were as follows: TI - pots constantly irrigated until harvest: T2: - water stress starting from 45 days after sowing (DAS) and T3 - water stress starting from 65 DAS. Leaf resistance to water vapor diffusion (Rs), relative water content (RWC), and leaf water potential (Ψ1) were used to evaluate drought tolerance. Pots were arranged in a randomized block design with four blocks, six barley cultivars, and three treatments, in a total of seventy two pots. The experiment was conducted from August to November 2005 in a polyethylene greenhouse located at the experimental area of Rural Engineering Department - FCA, UNESP - Botucatu - SP. The results showed that all barley cultivars presented some adaptation to water stress, but EMB-128 was the most likely and BRS-180 the least likely to be drought tolerant. The results revealed that only one drought cycle may increase tolerance to drought.

Crescimento de cultivares de mamoneira em função da aplicação de boro, durante a formação de mudas

It was objectified to quantify the initial growth of varieties of castor bean with boron fertilization. Had been tested to cultivate they AL-Guarani, Mirante 10 and Nordestina to the doses of 0; 0.25; 0.50; 0.75 and 1.0 mg kg -1 of B in controlled environment of greenhouse in the Sector of Cafeicultura of the Department of Agriculture of the UFLA. The characteristics valued were: height of plants, length of roots, leaf number, diameter of stem, mass of dry substance (MS) of leafs, of stem, the root and total. To cultivate Mirante 10 it was the one that got minor growth of the system of root. For leaf number to cultivate AL-Guarani it was superior to Mirante 10 and Nordestina. Also to cultivate better AL-Guarani if it detached how much to the production of total mass of MS, while to cultivate Mirante 10 produced more mass of MS than Nordestina.

Dissimilaridade genética e análise de trilha de cultivares de soja avaliada por meio de descritores quantitativos

In addition to the evaluations among genotypes, the use of multivariate techniques enables to restrict errors, mainly concerning genetic diversity, and therefore to predict combinations with greater heterotic effect, and the greater possibility of recovery of superior genotypes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic divergence between 18 soybean cultivars based on six morphological characteristics. Path analysis was performed to verify the contribution of direct and indirect characters on grain yield. The Mahalanobis distance has founded techniques of both Tocher Method and dendrogram by Single Linkage. Five different groups were formed: with nine genotypes considered similar among them; while the cultivars CEP 59, Netuno and Urano formed groups isolated by the two grouping methods. The path analysis showed that the indirect characters had little influence on grain yield, with significant direct relationship with mass of 100 grain, and cultivars Tertulha and CEP 53 standing out with grain yields above 3.7 t.ha-1.

Modelling thermodynamic properties of banana waste by analytical derivation of desorption isotherms

Banana is an agricultural product of great economic importance for various developing countries. The relationship between moisture content and water activity provides useful information for the processing and storage of banana waste. The water activity and moisture content of three banana (Mussa spp. Haploid AAB cv. Nanica) waste items were analyzed to determine the desorption isotherms at six different temperatures (20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70°C). The desorption isotherms of the peel, pedicel and pulp of overripe bananas were determined in wide ranges of moisture content (0.001-6.360 kg kg-1 d.b.) and water activity (0.02-0.907). The theoretical GAB model was used for modelling the desorption isotherms. An analytical solution of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation was proposed to compute the isosteric heat of sorption, the differential entropy and Gibbs' free energy by way of the GAB model when the effect of temperature on the hygroscopic equilibrium was considered. © 2012 de Gruyter. All rights reserved.

Moscas-Das-Frutas em Cultivares de Cafeeiros de Presidente Prudente, SP

Coffee is considered the primary host of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). The infestation of C. capitata in the State of São Paulo has reached economic importance in coffee plantations. Although little information about changes caused by the fly on the coffee beverage, it is known that the fruit fly infestation causes rapid change from cherry to raisin stage, causing qualitative damage on the parchment coffee production. The objective of this work was to study the population dynamics and diversity of Tephritidae and Lonchaeidae in coffee cultivars of Icatu Vermelho IAC 4045, Vermelho IAC 99, Novo Mundo 388-17-1, Obatã IAC 1669-20, Icatu Amarelo IAC 2944, grafted on Apoatã (IAC 2258) (Coffea canephora) and Icatu Vermelho IAC 4045 ungrafted and Apoatã (IAC 2258)-grafted with approximately 3 years. The experiment was conducted in Presidente Prudente, São Paulo State, Brazil, from June 2006 to July 2008. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications in a factorial design (3 years X 6 cultivars). From each plot of 100 plants we randomly collected 250 mature fruits. The samples were taken at 15 day intervals. The population dynamics were evaluated by using one plastic McPhail trap per cultivar. After 26 months a total of 36,932 specimens of C. capitata were trapped in all cultivars, corresponding to 49.27% males and 50.73% females. Approximately 83.3% of the specimens were collected from January to December 2007. The population fluctuation showed population peaks in May, June and July, relative to fruit ripening period. We trapped 21 specimens of A. montei Lima and A. fraterculus (Wied.). The coffee fruits of Presidente Prudente, SP, are infested by the following species of Lonchaeidae: Neosilba pendula (Bezzi), N. zadolicha McAlpine & Steyskal, N. inesperata Strikis & Prado and Neosilba pradoi Strikis & Lerena. Neosilba pendula occurred in all evaluated cultivars and N. inesperata was recoverd only from Icatu Amarelo IAC 2944 and IAC Icatu Vermelho 4045/un-grafted. No Anastrepha specimen was recovered from the fruits. Cultivars did not differ due to tephritid and lonchaeid infestations, but in 2008 the highest infestation by C. capitata occurred in the field.

Análise de crescimento e produtividade de cultivares de arroz de terras altas dos tipos tradicional, intermediário e moderno

The growth analysis allows the characterization and understanding of the upland rice cultivars development. This study aimed at characterizing, by using the growth analysis, the physiological components and agronomic performance, as well as the differences among traditional, intermediate and modern upland rice cultivars. The experiment was conducted under upland rice conditions, favored by the use of supplementary irrigation. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with three treatments consisting of traditional (Caiapó), modern (Maravilha) and intermediate (BRS Primavera) cultivars and eight replications. The leaf area index (LAI), instantaneous growth rate (IGR), relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR) and specific leaf area (SLA), as well as grain yield and yield components, were evaluated. The intermediate and traditional cultivars presented the highest total dry matter accumulation rate, while the traditional and modern ones showed the highest LAI. The intermediate cultivar presented the highest IGR, RGR, NAR and SLA levels, as well as the highest grain yield, as a consequence of the higher spikelet fertility and 1,000 grain mass.

Resposta de cultivares de trigo ao nitrogênio com e sem tratamento fúngico

The fungicide can enhance response of nitrogen fertilization on wheat crop, since the application of higher N rates can provide better conditions for the development of some diseases. The present study investigated the effects of different nitrogen doses and fungicide application in preventive character on the yield of two cultivars of wheat irrigated, in Savannah conditions. The experiment was conducted in Selvíria - MS, in a Distrophic Red Latosol (Typic Haplustox). Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design, in a 4x2x2 factorial scheme: four N rates (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1), topdressing at the early boot stage as urea, two wheat cultivars (IAC 24 and IAC 370), and with and without fungicide application (Tebuconazole and Triciclazol), with four replications. The cultivars IAC 24 and IAC 370 present similar grain yield. The increase of N doses influences the mass hectoliter negatively and the leaf N content and number of ears per m2 positively. The increment of N doses increase the grain yield up to dose of 116 kg ha -1 of N, regardless of cultivar and of the fungicide application in preventive character, due to non occurrence of diseases in the experiment.

Reação de cultivares de cana-de-açúcar à broca do colmo

The objective of this study was to evaluate the reaction of ten sugarcane cultivars to Diatraea saccharalis under field conditions, using a randomized block design with treatments in factorial 2x10 with six replications. The first factor was represented by two levels of infestation (infested and not infested) by borer and the second one, by the ten sugarcane varieties (IAC87-3396, IAC91-1099, IACSP93-3046, IACSP94-2101, IACSP94-2094, IACSP94-4004, IACSP95-5000, IACSP96-3060, IACSP96-2042 and SP91-1115). The experiment was evaluated in two crop cycles: plant crop and first ratoon. All cultivars were attacked by the borer, being IACSP94-4004, IACSP96-2042 and SP91-1115 the most damaged cultivars with the highest infestation index. During the plant crop, plots infested by the borer presented higher fiber content than the ones not infested. During the first ratoon, non infested plants produced 10% less and presented lower purity and higher content of reducing sugars than the non-infested plants.

Efeito de cultivares de repolho e doses de extrato aquoso de nim na alimentação e biologia de Plutella xylostella (linnaeus) (lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

The isolated and associated effects of cabbage cultivars Ruby Ball and Chato de Quintal and aqueous extract of seeds of fruits of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) were evaluated in the concentrations of 5 and 10% on Plutella xylostella (L.) attractiveness, feeding and development. In free-choice no-preference for feeding test, leaf discs of each treatment were placed in Petri dishes where three caterpillars/treatment were released while in no-choice test two caterpillars were placed in Petri dishes with one leaf disc in each dish. In the biology test, neonate larvae were transferred to Petri dishes in the proportion of one per dish, whereas the biological parameters were evaluated: larvae mortality after 1, 3 and 5 days; pupae mortality; total mortality; six day-old larvae weight; 24 hour-old pupae; and adult longevity. Cultivar Ruby Ball showed lower attractiveness to the caterpillars in free-choice test. Neem extract in both concentrations was repellent to the caterpillars in free-choice test. There were no differences in the dry mass consumed by the caterpillars in free-choice and no-choice tests. There were no differences in larval, pupal and total mortality between the cultivars. Both doses of neem extract were equally efficient in the mortality of the diamondback moth. There were no differences in caterpillars and pupae weight and in the longevity of the adults of P. xyostella between the cultivars.

Eficiência de utilização de nutrientes por cultivares de batata

The use of cultivars efficient in nutrient use is essential to increase yield and reduce production costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate absorption and nutrients use efficiency on five potato cultivars. The experiment was conduced in Itaí, São Paulo State, Brazil, in winter cropping season of 2008 on Oxisol. The experimental design was randomized blocks with split-plots and four replications. Plots comprised the five potato cultivars and subplots were established by sampling times, performed at planting and every seven days after emergence. At 97 DAP was calculated the nutrients use efficiency for dry matter production and at 122 DAP were calculated the nutrients use efficiency for fresh tuber and tuber dry matter yield. Mondial and Asterix cultivars showed greater dry matter production, higher fresh tubers yield and nutrients accumulation. Nutrients use efficiency for total dry matter and tubers dry matter, was similar among cultivars, but Ágata was more efficient in nutrients use efficiency for fresh tubers yield.

Consumo, digestibilidade aparente de nutrientes e balanços de nitrogênio e hídrico de ovinos alimentados com silagens de cultivares de capim-búfel

The objective of this present experiment was to determine intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, nitrogen (NB) and water balances (WB) of sheep fed with buffel grass silages. The buffel grass cultivars used were Tanzania, Buchuma and Biloela. 21 male, castrated, crossbred Santa Ines x Non defined genotype sheep, with initial body weight of 31.8±3.16kg were used, kept in metabolic cages. The experimental design was completely randomized with seven replicates. No differences were observed in dry matter intake in g/day (919.2) and % of body weight (2.9). In general, digestibility coefficients of dry matter varied from 37.7% to 60.0%. The NB and WB were positive, with higher NB values in sheep fed with Tanzania (5.1g/day) and Biloela (3.9g/day) and higher WB in animals fed with Buchuma (1.38kg/animal/day) and Biloela (1.42kg/animal/day). All cultivars of buffel grass evaluated (Tanzania, Buchuma and Biloela) presented adequate chemical composition, where the silage of buffel grass used corresponded to 60% of the total daily water intake by sheep.

Characterization of high density polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced with banana peel fibers

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Aspectos fisiológicos e bioquímicos de cultivares de soja submetidos a déficit hídrico induzido por peg 6000

In soybean culture water deficit is one of the most limiting factors to the maximum yield obtained. Genotypes identification with drought tolerance capacity is fundamental to solve this problem. The objective in this paper was analyze the physiological quality and physiological and biochemical responses of soybeans cultivars (MG/BR 46 Conquista, UFUS Carajás, UFUS Impacta, UFUS Riqueza and UFUS Xavante) submitted to water stress with PEG 6000 solutions in different levels of osmotic potentials (0; -0,1; -0,2; -0,3 and -0,4 MPa). Physiological quality of cultivars were evaluated by seedling length test and fresh and dry biomass. The biochemical responses were evaluated by detection of indol-acetic acid (IAA), by saccharose content and seedling water transportation. UFUS Riqueza presented the best performance in physiological quality tests, saccharose content, absorption and water absorption velocity in seedling. UFUS Xavante showed the highest IAA's concentration and the greater weight of seedling in water transportation test.

Extração e exportação de nutrientes em cultivares de feijoeiro, sob níveis de adubação: I - Macronutrientes

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Extração e exportação de nutrientes em cultivares de feijoeiro, sob níveis de adubação: II - Micronutrientes

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)