514 resultados para atributos químicos e físicos
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Physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) is a perennial oilseed species that has aroused economic interest for biodiesel production. Among other factors, it is essential to determine the nutritional demands of this species to facilitate raising it as a crop. This study aimed to evaluate the early growth and mineral nutrition of physic nut, as well as soil fertility, as affected by phosphorus fertilization. The study was carried out in a plastic greenhouse in a completely randomized block experimental design with four replicates. The plants were grown in plastic pots filled with 50 dm³ of Latossolo Vermelho (Rhodic Hapludox). Application rates of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg dm-3 of P were tested, plus a control. Evaluations of plant height and root collar diameter were performed monthly. The experiment was ended 150 days after transplant of the seedlings, at which time leaf area, dry weight, leaf contents and total accumulation of macro- (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) and micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) were performed, and soil chemical properties were analyzed. We concluded that absence of P fertilization alone is as limiting to early growth of physic nut as simultaneous absence of soil amendment and fertilization. The rate of 57 mg dm-3 of P may be recommended for initial growth of physic nut. The total accumulation of nutrients in physic nut seedlings exhibited the following order: K>N>Mg>Ca>P>S>Fe>Mn>B>Zn>Cu. Phosphorus fertilization resulted in increased soil cation exchange capacity (CEC).
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV
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O cultivo de citrus é uma das principais atividades agrícolas no Estado de São Paulo, sendo realizado em solos gerados a partir de diferentes materiais que conferem, naturalmente, variações na constituição química e mineralógica destes, além de poderem, ou não estar contaminados por metais tóxicos oriundos dos métodos defensivos. Com o objetivo de quantificar os atributos químicos e os teores de metais pesados do solo foi realizado um estudo comparativo entre solos assim cultivados, das regiões das cidades de Mogi Guaçu e São José do Rio Preto. Este estudo envolveu a determinação do pH do solo, análises volumétricas para quantificação dos teores de matéria orgânica, Ca+2, Mg+2 e Al+3 , espectrofotômetro de chama para o estabelecimento dos teores de Na+ e K+ e espectrofotômetro de absorção atômica para determinação dos teores de Cobre, Zinco, Cádmio, Cromo, Níquel e Chumbo. O solo da região de Mogi Guaçu apresentou-se mais ácido devido, provavelmente, a uma maior concentração de Al3+. Apresentou, também, teores mais elevados de matéria orgânica. Os solos de ambas as regiões apresentaramse deficientes em Na+ , K+ , Ca+2 e Mg+2 . A análise realizada para os metais pesados mostrou uma elevada quantidade de Níquel observada nas amostras de solo da região de São José do Rio Preto e, Níquel e Cobre, nas de Mogi Guaçu, com valores classificados como de prevenção, de acordo com os Parâmetros Orientadores da CETESB (2005). Estes teores de alerta devem-se, muito possivelmente, à adição exagerada de defensivos agrícolas.
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV
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Herbivory is the basal link among the trophic chains and therefore has great importance in the energy flow in the ecosystems. However, the ecological interactions have been changed due to the process of fragmentation that has occurred in the cerrado. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the herbivory and the presence of possible constituents of defense in leaves of Bauhinia rufa in two cerrado fragments of different sizes . We evaluated in both of them species richness and abundance of herbivores as well absolute herbivory ( n = 25 plants / fragment ) . Through histochemical tests and scanning electron microscopy we verified the constituents of defense. The difference between the herbivory in the fragments was not statistically significant ( t = -1.387 , p = 0.166 ) . However , we found a higher abundance of morphotypes of herbivores in the smaller fragment. We detected chemical and physical constituents that may confer protection to the plant at all stages of leaf development. Although several publications have indicated that small fragments have a higher susceptibility to changes, our study revealed no effect of fragment size on the absolute herbivory, suggesting that there are other factors acting more strongly and maintaining this type of interaction in these ecosystems
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA
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Fertilizer use in no-till systems must be aligned with a correct interpretation of soil chemical attributes and crop demands. The objectives of this work were evaluate the effects of pre-sowing application of ammonium sulfate (AS) and of cover crops on the yields and soil chemical attributes of no-till cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. r. latifolium Hutch) over two harvesting years. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design, with the plots in strips, and the variables were three cover crops (Raphanus sativus L., Avena strigosa L. and Avena sativa L.) and four AS doses (0, 150, 300, and 450 kg ha-1) applied over millet dry biomass. The cotton in the experimental plots was manually harvested on April 25, 2007 and April 24, 2008. The soil samples were collected between cotton rows in all plots on May 5, 2007 and May 12, 2008, at depths of 0.0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, and 0.10-0.20 m for soil fertility analyses. The increasing doses of AS induced lower soil pH, and calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) levels in the superficial soil layer, as well as higher exchangeable aluminum (Al) and sulfur (S) levels until a depth of 0.20 m. Seed cotton yields increased with increasing AS doses.
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Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Animal - FEIS
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS