Resposta enzimática, fisiológica e produtiva do tomateiro e desempenho de porta enxertos resistentes à murcha bacteriana

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity on the yield of grafted and ungrafted cucumber plants

The first experiment was carried out under green house and involved nine treatments: ‘Tsuyoi’ cucumber, ‘Shelper’ squash and ‘Green-stripped cushaw squash’ ungrafted plants and ‘Tsuyoi’ cucumber plants grafted onto ‘Shelper’ squash and ‘Green-stripped cushaw squash (lower, mid and upper region of the recommended and non-recommended rootstock, respectively). After grafting, plant tissue samples were collected 1, 4, 7, 10 and 13 days after grafting for analysis of peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) and polyphenol oxidase (EC 1.10.3.1) activity. In the second experiment, yield and number of marketable fruits were evaluated. The differences in peroxidase activity at the rootstock region and in polyphenol activity at the region between the scion and the rootstock seem to be determining factors for a successful grafting process, increasing the yield and the number of marketable fruits.

Germinação de sementes de maracujazeiros: água, luz, temperatura e reguladores vegetais

The production of seedlings of passion fruit is done mainly with the use of seeds by most producers. It can also be propagated by cuttings, layering and in vitro tissue culture. However, even when grafting is used, it is necessary to use seeds to produce the rootstock. Nevertheless, most Passifloracea species have germination problems, making it difficult to obtain seedlings. Although several studies have been developed in an attempt to increase seed germination of passion fruit there are still difficulties in understanding the germination process and also disagreement about seed dormancy. Thus, the present study aimed to review papers related to seed germination of passion fruit emphasizing aspects such as mechanical resistance to water ingress, the need for adequate light and temperature and the use of plant growth regulators in overcoming seed dormancy. It was noticed that, in general, the passion fruit seeds are photoblastic negative and exhibit physiological dormancy, being no need of seed scarification to stimulate its germination.

A enxertia na cultura do maracujazeiro: aspectos anatômicos, bioquímicos e fisiológicos

Due to the expansion of orchards, problems with soil pathogens are frequent and cause injury and/or make passion fruit cultivation impossible in Brazil. Thus, studies with potential species for rootstocks become indispensable to assist in the technological development of the culture. It is necessary to take into account several aspects of grafting, for the adoption of appropriate techniques, among them we can highlight the anatomy, physiology and also biochemistry. This study aimed to review the existing papers related to grafting of passion fruit and also to understand the operation of grafting itself. It was observed that several publications are related to the topic of the present review and that grafting is a viable alternative to the cultivation of passion fruit, however additional studies about grafting and production are needed.

Teores de macronutrientes em plantas de pimentão enxertadas sob fertirrigação

This study aimed at determining the levels of macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) in grafted plants by contact methods such as bevel, cleft grafting by full rift and approach, as compared to non grafted plants. Analyses were performed in different parts of the plants under fertigation in a greenhouse. The hybrid and rootstock were AF 7125 and AF 8253, respectively. The nutrients were supplied via fertigation during the 150-day cycle. The experiment was carried out at the Teaching, Research and Production Farm in São Manuel city, SP which belongs to FCA-UNESP Campus in Botucatu city/SP. A total of 4 treatments and 5 replications were used. Each plot consisted of 12 plants. Chemical analyses were performed in one plant per plot at 35, 85, 112 and 143 days after transplantation to determine nutrient concentrations. The results showed that the macronutrient concentrations in a decreasing sequence in the vegetative parts (leaf + stem) were as follows: K > N > Ca > Mg > S > P; and in the fruits: K > N > P > S > Mg > Ca. Macronutrient concentrations were similar among grafted plants as compared to ungrafted plants, and the rootstock may have influenced absorption and translocation of minerals in grafted plants.

Sobrevivência de enxertos de Eucalyptus com metodologia adaptada

One of the important techniques to assist a tree improvement program is the grafting, which is used for the propagation of selected trees. The objective of this study was to evaluate the survival rate using a modified method of lateral grafting on Eucalyptus dunnii, Eucalyptus urophylla and a hybrid of Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis. The work was conducted by the research teams of Eucatex and Palmasola companies, in September of 2011, and 589 grafts were made. The survival rate of the grafts was evaluated 180 days after grafting. Survival grafts rates were: 74% for E. dunnii, 55% for E. urophylla and 62% for the hybrid E. urophylla x E. grandis. These survival rates were higher than those currently obtained by the conventional method of eucalypt grafting. Thus, the method seems promising to assist in forest tree improvement programs, but further studies are still necessary to refine this grafting approach.

Polinização controlada em eucaliptos nas empresas florestais brasileiras

Controlled pollination is an important tool in a forest genetic improvement program, which permits to choose parents and make specific crosses maximizing gains and providing superior genotypes in less time than conventional pollination. To verify the needs of the forest companies regarding the conduction of controlled pollination orchards in the breeding program, a specific questionnaire was sent in September 2011 to companies associated to IPEF. The objective of the questionnaire was to collect basic information about the current situation of controlled pollination orchards and check the main difficulties and demands related. It was found that use of the controlled pollination orchard has begun to be used by companies in the Brazilian forest sector just a few years ago and is considered to be very important in breeding programs in order to shorten the time to obtain new genotypes; but there is still need of crucial information regarding the management of these orchards. The main demands are: Basic concepts of flowering induction; homogeneity of flowering; hormonal induction and alternative techniques for flowering; relationship between management and genotypes used; variations in the flowering of different genotypes; management of the orchard in the different phenological phases; process of grafting typesand interaction between graft and rootstock, irrigation systems; species identification and flowering map.

Macronutrientes em pepino enxertado em áreas com nematoides de galhas

Macronutrients in grafted cucumber in areas with gall nematodes. Grafting is an often recommended technique for cucumber culture in areas infested with gall nematodes. This study aimed to evaluate the content of macronutrients in grafted cucumber in two rootstocks on soil infested with Meloidogyne incognita race 2 or Meloidogyne javanica, since they may decrease the effectiveness of water and nutrient absorption. One evaluated 9 treatments (factorial 3x3: nongrafted hybrid cucumber Tsuyataro, grafted on squash hybrid Shelper or grafted on squash hybrid Excitte Ikki x without inoculation, inoculation with M. incognita or M. javanica), in a randomized blocks design, with 4 replicates and 6 plants per plot. The characteristics evaluated were: macronutrient content at 72 days after transplantation and macronutrient content at the end of the cycle (99 days after transplantation). The nutrient contents evaluated didn’t differ according to the nematode species (with or without inoculation), however, there’re differences with regard to the rootstocks, with higher values of phosphorus and potassium in grafted plants and higher values of magnesium, calcium, and sulfur in nongrafted plants at the end of cycle.

Clonagem do pessegueiro 'Aurora-1' e de portaenxertos de umezeiro

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Analgesia controlada pelo paciente comparada a analgesia padrão na função pulmonar, força muscular respiratória e dor no pós-operatório e revascularização do miocárdio: ensaio clínico randonizado

Pós-graduação em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB