262 resultados para Dieta reductora


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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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The species Pimelodus maculatus is one of the most abundant fish in many artificial reservoirs. Shows feeding plasticity and exploits all trophic levels in aquatic ecosystems. This study aimed to analyze and compare aspects of the diet of P. maculatus in two important tributaries (Taquari and Veados rivers) in the upper Paranapanema River system, and also investigate possible differences in the condition factor using its feeding habit as reference. Samplings were carried out every three months during 2011 and 2012 in two tributaries of Jurumirim's dam. After biometric analysis, fish were dissected to remove the stomachs that were fixed in formaldehyde 10% and conserved in alcohol 70%. The stomach content was analyzed under stereomicroscope and the food items were identified until the least possible taxonomic level. The diet was characterized based on the Alimentary Index (IAi). Feeding strategy and aspects of species autoecology were evaluated by the relation between abundance of prey-specific (Pi) and occurrence frequency (Fo) of the prey, and also was calculated the niche width of Levin (B). The condition factor was also established and values obtained in samples of both rivers were compared, correlating them with diet of the species

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Living organisms are constantly subjected to the action of free radicals, which are one of the causes of oxidation reactions, because they have on free electron, what makes it very reactive. They are products of organism reactions or they are produced by exogenous factors, such as tobacco. Fatty acids are the most vulnerable target, and may suffer lipid peroxidation, what affects the cell structure. Cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diseases of aging are occurrence of these reactions in the organism related. The aliments are also subjected to suffer oxidation reactions, what make them unfit for consumption and decreasing the useful life. Synthetics antioxidants are used as aliments preservatives, but they present some toxicity for the organism. Studies for the utilization of natural antioxidants have gained more importance in recent decades, due to the conservation potential and low toxicity. Phenolics compounds are largely present at the vegetable kingdom and they present high antioxidant potential due to the neutralization and kidnapping of free radicals capacity. These compounds are used by the industry at the aliments conservation, specially the phenolics acids. The consumption of aliments rich in phenolic compounds, such as teas, wines and fruits are low incidence of degenerative diseases related. This study consists in a bibliographic revision that covers these compounds importance in diet and at the food conservation, and the methodologies and difficulties in the extraction process due to variety of molecules of this group.

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Pós-graduação em Enfermagem (mestrado profissional) - FMB

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Alimentos ricos em compostos antioxidantes têm sido difundidos como protetores à saúde devido a sua associação com a redução de fatores de risco para doenças crônicas, como o diabetes mellitus tipo 2, doenças cardiovasculares, entre outras. Tem sido sugerido que as flavanonas cítricas apresentam potencial para reduzir o estresse oxidativo em estados de inflamação crônica, como, por exemplo, na obesidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antioxidante da hesperidina, eriocitrina e eriodictiol em camundongos submetidos a uma dieta hiperlipídica, indutora da obesidade. Foram utilizados 50 camundongos C57BL/6J machos divididos aleatoriamente em 5 grupos (n=10 cada), sendo: (1) grupo controle, tratado com dieta padrão; (2) grupo tratado com dieta hiperlipídica; (3) grupo tratado com dieta hiperlipídica e hesperidina (100 mg/kg peso); (4) grupo tratado com dieta hiperlipídica e eriocitrina (200 mg/kg peso); e (5) grupo tratado com dieta hiperlipídica e eriodictiol (200 mg/kg peso). O estudo teve duração de 30 dias e cada grupo recebeu o composto específico juntamente com a dieta, com base na média de ingestão diária e peso corporal. Foram avaliados a glicose, triglicerídeos, colesterol total, HDL-C e LDL-C no soro através de métodos enzimático-colorimétricos, a capacidade antioxidante pelo método ABTS, e o estresse oxidativo no soro e fígado pelo método de TBARS. Os camundongos alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica tiveram aumento da glicose (20%), colesterol total (36%), LDL-C (55%) e peroxidação lipídica hepática (44%), quando comparados aos animais controle. O grupo suplementado com hesperidina reduziu 28% LDL-C em relação à dieta hiperlipídica. Todos os grupos suplementados com flavanonas apresentaram aumento da capacidade antioxidante total no soro (≈ 9,3 %), e redução do TBARS no fígado (≈ 64%). Além disso, os grupos suplementados com eriocitrina e eriodictiol reduziram os níveis de ...

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Animal - FEIS

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

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Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of adding glutamine, fish oil or yeast cellular wall to the diet of weaned piglets on the expression of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the protein content and DNA in small intestine samples and on performance. In the first experiment, 24 weaned piglets were used to measure the performance at the phases prestarter, starter 1 and starter 2. Four diets were tested (T1 -basal diet (BD); T2 -BD + 1% of glutamine; T3 -BD + 0,2% of yeast cellular wall; T4 -BD + 5% of fish oil). At the second experiment 45 weaned piglets were used and distributed in a randomized block design, in factorial outline with four diets and three slaughter ages (on the day of weaning, on the seventh and fourteenth days postweaning). The tested diets did not alter the piglets' performance in none of the phases. There was reduction of the expression of the ODC enzyme, of the protein concentration and of the relationship protein/DNA to the seven days postweaning, with increase of the values on the 14th day, evidencing a state of hypotrophy of the mucous membrane, suggesting that the process of protein synthesis in the small intestine was diminished in the first week after weaning, but it presented recovery signs in the second week.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)