Infection and apparent invasion of Vero cells by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis probably uses many different mechanisms to establish itself in the host and cause disease. In this work, we assess an in vitro model system which uses cultured mammalian cells to investigate the virulence factors of P. brasiliensis. We were able to demonstrate an invasion process of the yeast form of this fungus in Vero cell cultures. We deduced that the overall invasive process involved three steps: adhesion, followed by invasion of individual epithelial cells and spread to adjacent cells.

Matéria seca, cálcio e fósforo em rações para ovinos, contendo farelo de algodão, levedura e uréia

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Valor nutricional da soja integral tostada e extrusada para poedeiras comerciais

An experiment was conducted to determine the apparent nitrogen-corrected metabolizable energy (AMEn) values and the coefficients' metabolization of the: dry matter, ether extract, calcium and phosphorus availabilities of experimental layer diets containing toasted (TSB) and extruded (ESB) soybeans. The soybean meal (SBM) was substituted at 0, 50, and 100% by TSB and ESB whole soybeans. The whole soybeans utilization in layer diets did not adversely affect calcium and phosphorus availability. The SBM and ESB, in diets with crude protein at 17%, showed the best ether extract coefficients of metabolization. When TSB replaced all SBM in the diets, it was observed the worst value for AMEn.

Desempenho e Digestibilidade in vivo de Cordeiros Alimentados com Dietas Contendo Canola em Grão Integral em Diferentes Formas

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Resídue de polpas de frutas desidratadas na alimentação de leitões em fase de creche

It was evaluated chemically and biologically the powdered fruits pulp residue, used in human food industry. In the digestibility study it was used 12 commercial hybrids barrows piglets, with initial weight 12.2 ± 1,6 kg, allotted in individual cages. The treatments were a basal and a test diet. In the test diet the fruits pulp residue replaced 30% of the basal dry matter. The following values were obtained: dry matter 89,54%, starch 71,1%, glucose 5.4%, fructose 2,2%, crude protein 5,33%, gross energy 3771 kcal/kg, apparent digestible dry matter 96,01%, digestible energy 3448 kcal/kg, metabolizable energy 3389 kcal/kg. By bromatologic results and metabolism study, the powdered fruits pulp residue was characterized as an alternative to be evaluated in piglet diets. In the performance assay 90 piglets with initial weight of 6,60 ± 0,76 kg were allotted in a randomized block design, with six replications and three animals per experimental unit. The treatments were levels of powdered fruits pulp residue (0. 25, 50, 75 and 100%) replacing the corn of the control diet. The studied phases were initial-1 (14 days), initial-2 (21 days) and total period. On the performance there was no difference between the studied inclusion levels. For meal diets, the fruits pulp residue can replace the corn.

Protein levels for heat-exposed broilers: Performance, nutrients digestibility, and energy and protein metabolism

Heat stress causes significant economic losses on broilers production due to poorer performance and carcass quality. Considering that protein has the highest heat increment among nutrients, it has been suggested that protein levels should be reduced in diets for heat-exposed broilers. Nevertheless, there are no conclusive results on the benefits of such practice, and further studies should be performed to elucidate some reported discrepancies. Thus, a trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary protein levels (17, 20 and 23%) and environmental temperature (22 and 32°C) on the performance, nutrients digestibility, and energy and protein metabolism of broiler chickens from 21 to 42 days of age. Nutrients digestibility was determined by total excreta collection, and energy and protein metabolism was evaluated by comparative slaughter method. It was concluded that (1) heat exposure impairs broilers performance and increases nitrogen excretion, but do not change nutrients digestibility; (2) high-protein diets are technically feasible and promotes lower heat production for broilers reared under thermoneutral or hot environments, however, high-protein diets increases nitrogen excretion. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007.

Potential use of the veris apparent EC sensor to predict soil texture under the semi-arid conditions of central Arizona

The operational details of the apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) sensor manufactured by Veris Technologies have been extensively documented in literature reports, but the geographical distribution of these research studies indicate a strong regional concentration in the US Mid-west and Southern states. The agricultural lands of these states diverge significantly to the soil conditions and water regime of irrigated land in the US South-western states such as Arizona where there is no previous research reports of the use of this particular sensor. The objectives of the present study were to analyze the performance of this sensor under the conditions of typical soils in irrigated farms of Central Arizona. We tested under static conditions the performance of the sensor on three soils of contrasting texture. Observations were collected as time series data as soil moisture changed from saturation to permanent wilting point. Observations were repeated at the hours of lowest and highest temperatures. In addition, this study included soil penetration resistance and salinity determinations. Preliminary results indicate that soil temperature of the upper layer caused the most dynamic change in the sensor output. The ECa curves of the three soil textures tested had well defined distinctive characteristics. Final multivariate analysis is pending.

Sugarcane bagasse ozonolysis pretreatment: Effect on enzymatic digestibility and inhibitory compound formation

Sugarcane bagasse was pretreated with ozone to increase lignocellulosic material digestibility. Bagasse was ozonated in a fixed bed reactor at room temperature, and the effect of the two major parameters, ozone concentration and sample moisture, was studied. Acid insoluble and total lignin decreased whereas acid soluble lignin increased in all experiments. Pretreatment barely attacked carbohydrates, with cellulose and xylan recovery rates being >92%. Ozonolysis increased fermentable carbohydrate release considerably during enzymatic hydrolysis. Glucose and xylose yields increased from 6.64% and 2.05%, for raw bagasse, to 41.79% and 52.44% under the best experimental conditions. Only xylitol, lactic, formic and acetic acid degradation compounds were found, with neither furfural nor HMF (5-hydroxymethylfurfural) being detected. Washing detoxification provided inhibitor removal percentages above 85%, increasing glucose hydrolysis, but decreasing xylose yield by xylan solubilization. SEM analysis showed structural changes after ozonization and washing. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of Na and K from swine feed and its application in a digestibility assay: A green analytical procedure

The study is aimed to evaluate the efficiency of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) as a simple strategy focused on sample preparation for metal determination in biological samples. The extraction of sodium and potassium extraction was carried out from swine feed followed by determination of the concentration of these metals by flame atomic emission spectrometry (FAES). The experiment was performed to cover the study of the variables influencing the extraction process and its optimal conditions (sample mass, particle size, acid concentration, sonication time and ultrasound power); the determination of these analytical characteristics and method validation using certified reference material; and the analysis of pre-starter diets. The optimal conditions established conditions were as follows: mass: 100 mg, particle size:<60 μm, acid concentration: 0.10 mol L-1 HCl, sonication time: 50 s and ultrasound power: 102 W. The proposed method (UAE) was applied in digestibility assays of those nutrients present in different piglet pre-starter feeds and their results proved to be compatible with those obtained from mineralized samples (P < 0.05). The ultrasound extraction method was demonstrated to be an excellent alternative for handless sampling and operational costs and the method also has the advantage of does not generating toxic residues that may negatively affect human health and contaminate the environment. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Acúmulo de forragem verde, extração de nutrientes e valor nutricional do capim-xaraés adubado com nitrogênio

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Comportamento reológico de géis de amido de mandioquinha salsa (Arracacia xanthorrhiza B.)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Valor energético da dextrina e seus efeitos na alimentação de frangos de corte

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FMVZ

Exposição crônica e cíclica ao calor em frangos de corte: desempenho, metabolização dos nutrientes e atividade de enzimas pancreáticas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Grão de girassol ou gordura protegida na dieta com alto concentrado e o ganho compensatório para cordeiros

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)