823 resultados para Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso


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CCurrently there are various systems for the evaluation of environmental impacts of buildings, known as tools of environmental certification. Among these, the tool LEED for New Construction and Major Renovations has been the most widely used and accepted worldwide, in assessing the sustainability of buildings. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the tool for LEED certification for construction work in Brazil, which ranks fourth in the world ranking records certification of sustainable buildings. It was found in this analysis that the assumptions of this tool are encouraging the use of more sustainable and less impactful on the environment as it promotes the deployment of innovative projects from a technological standpoint, , as well as the valuation of enterprises certified. Also, very significant results obtained in terms of energy efficiency and environmental quality in occupied buildings

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Neste trabalho, foi feita uma revisão de importantes aspectos associados às bases neurobiológicas da Doença de Alzheimer, por meio de um levantamento bibliográfico sobre o assunto. A Doença de Alzheimer (DA) é uma doença neurodegenerativa que acomete geralmente pessoas acima de 65 ou 70 anos. Em pacientes com DA, nota-se a ocorrência de atrofia progressiva de várias áreas cerebrais, responsáveis pela perda de memória e de outras funções cognitivas, além da diminuição da capacidade para realizar atividades rotineiras. Inicialmente, a atrofia ocorre no lobo temporal, especialmente nas regiões responsáveis pela memória (hipocampo, córtex entorrinal) e, posteriormente, em regiões como o córtex parietal e córtex frontal. O declínio progressivo e persistente de memória recente pode ser verificado já na fase inicial da doença e, progressivamente, entram em declínio outras funções cognitivas, resultando em um comprometimento cognitivo global. Os mecanismos envolvidos na degeneração cerebral na Doença de Alzheimer estão relacionados com a neuropatologia característica da DA. Lesões cerebrais específicas levam a morte de neurônios e sinapses, e estão relacionadas a presença de placas amilóides e emaranhados neurofibrilares. Essas placas e emaranhados acometem principalmente as camadas piramidais do córtex cerebral e são responsáveis por degenerações sinápticas intensas, tanto em nível hipocampal quanto neocortical (BRAAK & BRAAK, 1991). À medida que os neurônios morrem, são perdidos sinais de entrada sinápticos em regiões do encéfalo que são críticas para a função cognitiva e de memória normal

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Herbicides are chemical agents most consumed for agricultural production and of these, glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine) represents more than half of world consumption of non-selective herbicides, use of systemic action and post-emergent. The present study aims to analyze the interference of different concentrations of glyphosate in the development of micro algae, unicellular species Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, with supplementary analysis of the interference of green algae concentrations in the artificial lake Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista in Rio Claro, SP. To identify the effect of glyphosate on the development of microalgae concentrations: 0.118; 0.236; 0.472; 0.944; 1.888 and 3.776 mg of product (all in rejoinders), maintaining control without glyphosate, were inoculated into flasks containing 150mL of medium culture and 5mL of suspension inoculum levels. Each test was continued for 96 hours in a shaker rotating at 150 rpm at 25 / - 2 ° C and constant light of 3200 lux. At baseline and 48; 72 and 96 hours samples were taken for testing for absorbance. The final dry weight was measured and the tests with P. subcapitata cell number was quantified at the beginning and end of the tests using the Neubauer chamber under optical microscope. For algae of the artificial lake of the diversity of microalgae cells was identified through photographic documentation. The analysis of variance comparing treatments for dry biomass showed no significant differences in the tests with P. subicapitata as for the algae to the lake.The analysis of variance MANOVA showed significant differences between the treatments over time but there was no significant difference between the interactions of treatment for tests with P. subicapitata There were significant differences in the tests with microalgae of the artificial lake. With respect to cell quantification, it was found... (Complete abstract click electronic acces below)

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A Ilustração Científica é um trabalho que consiste na representação fiel de um material biológico determinado, respeitando-se todas as medidas, proporções e contraste de cores, mesmo que em preto e branco. Por isso, a capacidade de observação é uma qualidade indispensável para que se tenha um bom resultado. Podem ser desenhos de materiais vivos, extintos, arqueológicos e até processos cirúrgicos e devem ser claro em significado, não poluído e que não provoque nenhum tipo de incompreensão ou dúvidas. Ela é altamente utilizada no meio acadêmico tendo um vasto campo de aplicação, variando desde trabalhos mais simples e esquemáticos aos mais complexos com alto nível de acabamento e detalhamento. Independentemente à técnica, as ilustrações científicas ainda são uma ferramenta de extrema importância e de grande utilização, sendo muito solicitadas por pesquisadores, que desejam enriquecer seus trabalhos, torná-los mais explicativos, mais claros, e mais didáticos. Por mais que se tenha a possibilidade das fotografias modernas, um desenho empregando técnicas tradicionais como acabamento é totalmente indispensável, já que a foto, por mais sofisticada e cheia de recursos que possua a máquina, não consegue transmitir todos os detalhes e estruturas que se deseja em uma mesma fotografia. O artista tem a liberdade de montar uma prancha com aquilo que o pesquisador precisa, usando sua percepção visual e destreza para reproduzir com exatidão o material em questão. Recursos digitais, ao contrário do que muitos acreditam, não tiraram o espaço das técnicas tradicionais, mas veio como mais uma opção de ferramenta de trabalho que, aliás, para usá-la é necessário saber desenhar igualmente àquele que não se utiliza desse recurso. O tempo passou, as sociedades mudaram e as representações...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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Atualmente, a grande variedade de plantas domesticadas está diminuindo com a disseminação da moderna agricultura comercial, caracterizada pelos seus cultivos geneticamente homogêneos com emprego maciço de insumos. Em contraste, agricultores mais tradicionais procuram manter a heterogeneidade de seus campos cultivando muitas espécies e variedades, representando uma significativa importância para a conservação do patrimônio genético das espécies agrícolas. Entre estes agricultores é comum ocorrer a circulação das sementes e propágulos das variedades. Entretanto, muitos destes agricultores, mais tradicionais, migraram para assentamentos rurais, trazendo com eles uma grande diversidade de plantas. Desta forma, este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a dinâmica de circulação de sementes e propágulos de plantas alimentares que ocorre entre as famílias do Assentamento Rural XII de Outubro em Moji Mirim - SP, a partir de uma amostra de agricultores oriundos de áreas de agricultura de subsistência. Tais agricultores foram localizados com base no estudo “Semeando sementes, cultivando cultura: As plantas alimentares e a sua importância para a vida dos agricultores do Assentamento XII de Outubro, Moji Mirim, SP” realizado em 2005 pela mestranda Mirella Cultrera. No presente estudo foram realizadas visitas periódicas, nas quais entrevistas não estruturadas foram feitas para obter a história de vida, entrevista semi-estruturadas para obter as informações sobre a dinâmica de circulação das sementes e propágulos, e, por fim, entrevistas estruturadas para adquirir os dados socioeconômicos. Neste trabalho foram levantadas no total 139 variedades de cultivos alimentares (55 espécies pertencentes a 28 famílias botânicas), sendo 54% delas oriundas de Minas Gerais. O número de variedades cultivadas por ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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Em decorrência da alteração presente nas rupturas diafragmáticas ser de natureza anatômica, o tratamento cirúrgico é o único indicado. As abordagens cirúrgicas mais utilizadas são a laparotomia pela linha média e a toracotomia intercostal, porém, a correção cirúrgica pode ser dificultada, principalmente quando houver perda de tecido, evolução crônica, ou quando a lesão no músculo diafragma for extensa, necessitando de procedimentos cirúrgicos mais apropriados, tal como a utilização de implantes biológicos ou sintéticos. Os vários tipos de implantes e enxertos testados para reparar os defeitos no músculo diafragma obtiveram bons resultados e baixas taxas de mortalidade, sugerindo uma nova alternativa no reparo de defeitos diafragmáticos

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The petrochemical industry represents a sector of intense activity, in constant expansion and great economic importance for Brazil. In order to be used in various human activities petroleum needs to suffer a refinement process that, besides requiring large amounts of water, produces large amounts of wastes, which are discharged in hydric resources. Petroleum is a complex mixture mainly comprised by hydrocarbons, many of them are recognized as toxic chemicals, which are able to induce a considerable environmental pollution. Since water is an important resource for the maintenance of ecosystems and is also the final receiver of effluent discharges of the petroleum industry, there is an imminent need to monitor, constantly, the hydric resources that are influenced by this industrial activity, so that it can be ensured the environmental health. This study aimed, mainly, to analyze the quality of water samples derived from refinement process performed of the largest petroleum refinery in Brazil (REPLAN), in distinct steps of the industry treatment, and waters of rivers associated to its activity. Micronuclei and Nuclear Abnormalities tests were performed in erythrocytes of the fish species Oreochromis niloticus exposed to water samples derived from refinery use and to rivers under the influence of their effluents, in order to evaluate its possible toxic, genotoxic and mutagenic effects. The results obtained show that the treatment carried out by the refinery, during the evaluated periods, was effective, since the substances present in the water samples did not induce significant genotoxic and/or mutagenic alterations in the genetic material of the test organisms. On the other hand, when the substances present in the refinery effluent mix with the ones derived from other industrial activities developed upstream of this industry, the resultant compound, in some periods, presented genotoxic potencial, characterized by a rise of erythrocytic...

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This work was developed to evalute the physical and mechanical properties of a panel of three particle layers from the test specification of NBR 14810-3 (2006), using wood of Eucalyptus sp. and Eucalyptus saligna and Eucalyptus urograndis bark. The mechanical properties were evaluated to obtain the bending modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) and Internal bond. The physical properties were obtained thickness sweeling, water absorption, moisture content and board density. Were evaluated four different compositions of panels containing 5, 10, 15 and 20% in the inner layer of bark. The results were compared with the Brazilian standard NBR 14810-2 (2006) and also with studies in the literature. The panels produced were adequate to all the optimal values suggested by the standard only in the composition with 5% skin in the inner layer. The other treatments showed satisfactory results in all tests except for moisture content

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A monografia procura mostrar como as leis para a educação são formuladas pela classe política, com vistas a entender a LDB da educação formulada em 1996. Para isso, apresentamos o arcabouço teórico da economia e da ciência política para a tomada das decisões individuais e de grupos/organizações. Em seguida, avaliamos a teoria do capital humano, o Banco Mundial e a UNESCO como principais agentes que influenciam e pressionam por mudanças educacionais. Por fim, mostramos alguns aspectos da LDB de 1996 e o caminho corporativista adotado pelo Estado para fazer avançar a educação de nível superior

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The gene encoding TCTP (Translationally Controlled Tumour Protein) is present in all eukaryotes and its product is involved in various cellular processes. Although well characterized in mammals, there are only few works available in the literature related to the analysis of this protein in plants. In this present work, the expression of the gene encoding TCTP was analyzed in different organs/tissues of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Santa Clara). A quantification performed by RT-qPCR revealed the presence of TCTP transcript in all tissues/organs analyzed, with the highest expression level found in leaves. With the exception of fruits in intermediate stage of maturation, for which a small increase on the expression was detected, there was minimal variation in the relative expression of TCTP in other organ/tissues. In parallel, the effects of the constitutive expression of TCTP were investigated using transgenic tobacco lines able to overexpress this protein at different levels (T1, T2 and T3). Seedlings of these lines, and of a non-transgenic control line, were grown in MS culture medium for 21 days. At the end of this period, the length of roots and leaves was taken and the seedlings were photographed. According to Tukey's test, the analysis of the mean root length revealed a significant difference between T1 and T3 lines when compared to the control, although the same was not observed for the T2 line. For leaves, according to Kruskal-Wallis test, there was a statistical difference between the averages of leaf growth obtained for the different lines evaluated. According to these results, we can conclude that TCTP shows an ubiquitous expression in tomato plants, with the highest expression detected in leaves, and also that its overexpression promoted a higher root and leaf development in two of three transgenic tobacco lines tested

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The research addresses the teacher know-how in relation to how it is crafted to education for sexuality in two public schools in Coimbra - Portugal, with teachers from different areas of the 3rd cycle of basic education (humanities, sciences and biological sciences), which corresponds to the Elementary School II in Brazil. It will be based on law 60/2009 of August 6, regulated by Decree 196-A of April 9, 2010 of the Ministry of Education - Portugal, which establishes the implementation of sexual education in primary and secondary schools across the country. This research is funded by FAPESP - Research Support Fund of the State of São Paulo, process number 2011/12902-3. The research was based on a qualitative approach, conducting case studies and using semistructured interviews for data collection. The performance of the topic of sexuality and gender relations at Portuguese’s classroom aims to provide young people the opportunity to exercise their sexuality in a responsible, healthy and pleasurable way. The law seeks to ensure that this work is established in the Portuguese school effectively. Therefore, the trajectory of teachers formation (initial or continuing) will also be a focus of this research, to understand how and where it is built and how they act in their daily classroom practices, with their students the sexuality and gender relations

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A taurina (ácido 2-etanoaminossulfônico) apresenta diversas funções fisiológicas, como atuação no neurodesenvolvimento, ação no coração contra arritimias, ação nos músculos esqueléticos contra atrofia, faz parte da bile na forma de um composto conjugado, constutuindo um dos sais biliares, e anti-inflamatória, inibindo mediadores pró-inflamatórios. Neste projeto a ênfase foi voltada para a ação anti-oxidante da taurina, que forma um complexo com espécies como o ácido hipocloroso (HOCl) e ânions clorito (OCl-) que potencialmente possuem ações danosas à célula. Esse complexo, a taurina cloramina (Tau-Cl), possui também ações contra mediadores inflamatórios, como o fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-α) e o óxido nítrico (NO). Por ser uma molécula com alta polaridade e hidrossolubilidade, a taurina não consegue penetrar na pele pelo extrato córneo intacto, a camada mais externa da pele, que constitui sua barreira contra perda ou absorção de água e eletrólitos. Foi feita então a síntese de um pró-fármaco derivado da taurina, formado por seu acoplamento com uma cadeia carbônica longa, aumentando significativamente a lipossolubilidade em relação a taurina pura, e podendo assim, essa molécula, transpor o extrato córneo intacto e exercer sua ação anti-oxidante, podendo ser, portanto, caracterizado como um pró-ativo. Este pró-fármaco, o ácido 2-palmitamidoetanossulfônico, foi sintetizado por meio de uma reação entre um cloreto de acila (cloreto de palmitoíla) e taurina, utilizando trietilamina como base, por meio de um método conhecido por Schotten-Baumann. O produto formado foi analisado por cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD), faixa de fusão, espectroscopia de absorção no infravermelho (IV) e espectometria de massa (EM), sendo que todas as análises confirmaram que a síntese foi bem sucedida

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Health care waste (HCW) is the type of waste that results from activities performed in health care services during care provision to humans or animals. Presently, according to RDC 306/04, issued in 2004 by Anvisa, and Resolution no. 358/05, by CONAMA, waste groups have the following classification: Group A (biological waste), Group B (chemical waste), Group C (waste containing radionucleotides), Group D (common waste) and Group E (piercing and cutting waste). In Brazil, 149 tons of wastes are collected every day, and HCW corresponds to approximately 1% to 3 % of that total. An efficient way to adequately manage HCW is through the Health Care Waste Management Plan (HCWMP), and it is possible to reduce the risk posed by certain materials in addition to ensuring disposal in an ecologically correct and economical fashion. According to the Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO), the management process enables health care establishments to adequately manage waste. Hence, there is greater control and reduction in the health risks caused by infectious or special waste, in addition to facilitated recycling, treatment, storage, transport and final disposal of solid hospital waste in an environmentally safe fashion. To evaluate the management of HCW of Groups A and D from the Intensive Care Unit of the University Emergency Hospital - FMB - UNESP in the city of Botucatu according to the guidelines presently in force. The waste flow was followed up, and during four random days in the month of September 2011, waste was quantified by estimating daily and monthly values, according to its classification. : In 2011, the University hospital has produced an average of 57,676.8 kg/month of biological and common waste. By adding Groups A and D, during the four days, approximately 209.8 Kg of waste (202.2 Kg of Group A and 7.6 Kg of Group D) were produced in the establishment under study, which... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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This work has the purpose to explain how the sugar and alcohol sector works, detail all the processes which uses pumps and assist in the selection and specification of pumps attached with engines, that will make part in important industry processes in the manufacture of sugar and alcohol. A bibliographic revision about the working of sugar and alcohol sector and about pumps were made to help the analysis of a case. This case had the purpose to analyze the selected pumps that were part of a initial project of an industry which aimed a future expansion. The pumps that were selected to made part of the initial project were over dimensioned and were operating out of the best performance point, making the pumps inefficient because the expansion didn't happened. The solution was to select another pump with bigger performance and less power consumption to have a decrease in the energy consumption and in the operational costs of the industry and using the extra electric energy in the industry or selling it

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The aim of this paper is to analyze the development of the Internet through the shifts that it has brought to the field of journalism and social communication. With the view of doing so, I describe a timeline of the creation and expansion of the network of computers in Brazil and in the world; and then, finally, I give an account of a new paradigm of communication, the alleveryone communication. In the end, it will have a case study of the portal UOL, which will apply all the concepts