Relationship between disease severity and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Potencial fisiológico de sementes de milho hidratadas pelo método do substrato de papel toalha

Na avaliação da qualidade de sementes pode ser necessária a hidratação das mesmas, como ocorre no teste de deterioração controlada que requer a uniformização do teor de água na amostra de sementes antes do processo de deterioração. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o potencial fisiológico de sementes de milho após a hidratação pelo método do substrato de papel toalha, sob diferentes temperaturas e quantidades de água no substrato, para elevar o teor de água para 15%, 20% e 25%. Foram avaliadas três quantidades de água no substrato (2,0; 2,5 e 3,0 vezes a massa do papel), sob temperaturas de 20 e 30°C. A qualidade inicial das sementes e após a hidratação foi determinada pelos seguintes testes: teor de água, massa de mil sementes, germinação, massa seca de plântulas, teste de frio, envelhecimento acelerado, condutividade elétrica, tetrazólio, porcentagem e velocidade de emergência das plântulas em campo. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey, a 5%, seguindo o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial (3x2), independentemente para cada teor de água. A hidratação pelo método do substrato de papel toalha não afetou a germinação de sementes de milho, independentemente da temperatura e das proporções de água no substrato. As proporções de 2,0 e 2,5 vezes a massa do substrato papel toalha em água para a temperatura de 30°C e de 3,0 vezes a massa do substrato para a temperatura de 20°C não alteraram o potencial fisiológico das sementes, mostrando-se adequadas para hidratação de sementes de milho para teores de água de 15, 20 e 25%.

Teste de deterioração controlada na avaliação do vigor de sementes de milho

Objetivou-se com este trabalho estudar combinações de tempo e temperatura na adequação do teste de deterioração controlada para avaliação do vigor de sementes de milho com diferentes teores de água. Foram utilizados oito lotes de sementes de milho híbrido CO32, cuja qualidade inicial foi determinada pelos testes de: teor de água, massa de mil sementes, porcentagens de germinação e de plântulas normais na primeira contagem do teste de germinação, massa seca das porções aérea, radicular e total de plântulas, teste de frio, teste de envelhecimento acelerado, teste de condutividade elétrica, tetrazólio, emergência de plântulas no campo e velocidade de emergência de plântulas no campo. A umidade inicial dos lotes de sementes foi ajustada pelo método de imersão em água para 15, 20 e 25%. Para cada teor de água foram avaliadas nove combinações de períodos (16, 24 e 48 horas) e temperaturas de deterioração (42, 45 e 48 °C). Após a deterioração determinou-se o teor de água e a porcentagem de germinação das sementes. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey e análise de correlação aos 5% em esquema fatorial 9X8, sendo nove combinações de tempo e temperatura e oito lotes de sementes. As combinações 24 h-45 °C, 48 h-45 °C e 16 h-45 °C para sementes com teor de água ajustado para 15, 20 e 25%, respectivamente, são eficientes para avaliação do vigor de sementes de milho pelo teste de deterioração controlada.

Coincidence of flowering time and the productivity and quality of cauliflower hybrid seeds

A falta de sincronismo de florescimento entre as linhagens auto incompatíveis em um campo de produção de sementes híbridas de couve flor pode além de reduzir a produção de sementes comprometer a pureza genética das mesmas. Com o objetivo de estudar o efeito da coincidência de florescimento entre linhagens de couve-flor na produtividade e qualidade de sementes híbridas, foi realizado o presente experimento. Os tratamentos consistiram em seis diferentes épocas de semeadura, espaçadas a cada quinze dias, de uma linhagem de verão auto-incompatível que foi polinizada por uma linhagem de inverno que não apresenta auto-incompatibilidade. Observou-se a coincidência do florescimento das diferentes épocas de semeadura com a linhagem polinizadora. Foram avaliadas as seguintes características: área foliar média, número de flores por planta, número de síliqüas por planta, número de sementes por planta (peso e número), peso médio de 1000 sementes e foi determinado o número de sementes por síliqüa. Foi realizado ainda, o teste padrão de germinação e determinada a pureza genética das sementes para cada tratamento. A coincidência da época de florescimento entre as linhagens de couve-flor afetou diretamente a produtividade e a qualidade genética das sementes híbridas produzidas, sendo que, quanto maior foi o nível de coincidência, maior foi o número de sementes formadas por síliqüa e menor a percentagem de sementes contaminantes. Entretanto, não teve influência na qualidade fisiológica das mesmas.

Seed weight of Xylopia aromatica (Annonaceae): quality evaluation from X-ray and seedling emergence

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Criteria for peanut seed pre-conditioning for the tetrazolium test

The staining pattern of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds with a tetrazolium solution was evaluated to determine the adequate conditions of seed quality evaluations. Three seed lots with different vigour levels and similar moisture content were pre-conditioned using the combination of five periods of time (4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 hours) and four temperatures (20, 25, 30 and 35 degrees C) and then exposed to a 1.0% tetrazolium solution for three hours. The moisture content levels of seeds conditioned for 8 hours at the temperatures of 25, 30 or 35 degrees C, for 12 hours at 20 or 25 degrees C and for 16 hours at 20 degrees C, were above 30%. In this range of moisture level, the staining in tetrazolium was clear and uniform, reflecting an appropriate conditioning of the seeds. However, under a practical point of view, the period of 16 hours at 20 degrees C showed to be the best option, since it allows to start the pre-conditioning an late afternoon of one day and submit the seeds for staining in the following morning.

The relationship between diet quality and basal metabolic rate in endotherms: Insights from intraspecific analysis

In this article, we review intraspecific studies of basal metabolic rate (BMR) that address the correlation between diet quality and BMR. The food-habit hypothesis stands as one of the most striking and often-mentioned interspecific patterns to emerge from studies of endothermic energetics. Our main emphasis is the explicit empirical comparison of predictions derived from interspecific studies with data gathered from within-species studies in order to explore the mechanisms and functional significance of the putative adaptive responses encapsulated by the food-habit hypothesis. We suggest that, in addition to concentrating on the relationship among diet quality, internal morphology, and BMR, new studies should also attempt to unravel alternative mechanisms that shape the interaction between diet and BMR, such as enzymatic plasticity, and the use of energy-saving mechanisms, such as torpor. Another avenue for future study is the measurement of the effects of diet quality on other components of the energy budget, such as maximum thermogenic and sustainable metabolic rates. It is possible that the effects of diet quality operate on such components rather than directly on BMR, which might then push or pull along changes in these traits. Results from intraspecific studies suggest that the factors responsible for the association between diet and BMR at an ecological timescale might not be the same as those that promoted the evolution of this correlation. Further analyses should consider how much of a role the proximate and ultimate processes have played in the evolution of BMR.

Efeitos dos danos mecânicos e fisiológicos na colheita e beneficiamento de sementes de soja

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of mechanical damage and physiological events in harvesting and processing of soybean cv. Mosoy RR 8000. The samples were taken during harvest manual, mechanical harvesting and during processing (receipt, pre-cleaning, cleaning, spiral separator, classification and gravity table). The physiological and physical quality was analized through the purity, germination, vigor (first germination count, seedling dry matter, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, tetrazolium, mechanical damages and seedling field emergence) tests. The statistical design used was a entirely randomized with nine treatments (9 sampling points) with 4 replications, being the means compared by the Tuckey test at 5% probability. In the purity and seedling field emergence were observed highly significative difference between the sampling process, also this differences were obtained the first germination count, seedling dry weight matter, accelerated aging and electrical conductivity which showed smaller results for the mechanical harvesting when compared with the manual harvesting. The germination was obtained differences at 5% for the manual harvesting in relation to the mechanical harvesting were obtained smaller results, being the main cause of reducing the soybean seed quality, when compared with the manual harvesting.

Meat quality of young Nellore bulls with low and high residual feed intake

Fifty-nine Nellore bulls from low and high residual feed intake (RFI) levels were studied with the objective of evaluating meat quality traits. Animals were slaughtered when ultrasound-measured backfat thickness reached 4. mm, and samples of Longissimus were collected. A mixed model including RFI as fixed effect and herd and diet as random effects was used, and least square means were compared by t-test. More efficient animals consumed 0.730. kg dry matter/day less than less efficient animals, with similar performance. No significant differences in carcass weight, prime meat cuts proportion, chemical composition, pH, sarcomere length, or color were observed between RFI groups. Shear force, myofibrillar fragmentation index and soluble collagen content were influenced by RFI, with a higher shear force and soluble collagen content and a lower fragmentation index in low RFI animals. Feedlot-finished low RFI young Nellore bulls more efficiently convert feed into meat, presenting carcasses within quality standards. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

Potencial Fisiológico de sementes de Crotalaria juncea L

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Revestimento, qualidade física e fisiológica de sementes de cenoura (Daucus carota L.) cv. Brasília

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Cardiovascular risk and mortality in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing dialysis: sleep study, pulmonary function, respiratory mechanics, upper airway collapsibility, autonomic nervous activity, depression, anxiety, stress and quality of life: a prospective, double blind, randomized controlled clinical trial

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most serious public health problems. The increasing prevalence of CKD in developed and developing countries has led to a global epidemic. The hypothesis proposed is that patients undergoing dialysis would experience a marked negative influence on physiological variables of sleep and autonomic nervous system activity, compromising quality of life.Methods/Design: A prospective, consecutive, double blind, randomized controlled clinical trial is proposed to address the effect of dialysis on sleep, pulmonary function, respiratory mechanics, upper airway collapsibility, autonomic nervous activity, depression, anxiety, stress and quality of life in patients with CKD. The measurement protocol will include body weight (kg); height (cm); body mass index calculated as weight/height(2); circumferences (cm) of the neck, waist, and hip; heart and respiratory rates; blood pressures; Mallampati index; tonsil index; heart rate variability; maximum ventilatory pressures; negative expiratory pressure test, and polysomnography (sleep study), as well as the administration of specific questionnaires addressing sleep apnea, excessive daytime sleepiness, depression, anxiety, stress, and quality of life.Discussion: CKD is a major public health problem worldwide, and its incidence has increased in part by the increased life expectancy and increasing number of cases of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Sleep disorders are common in patients with renal insufficiency. Our hypothesis is that the weather weight gain due to volume overload observed during interdialytic period will influence the degree of collapsibility of the upper airway due to narrowing and predispose to upper airway occlusion during sleep, and to investigate the negative influences of haemodialysis in the physiological variables of sleep, and autonomic nervous system, and respiratory mechanics and thereby compromise the quality of life of patients.

Seed quality, chlorophyll content index and leaf nitrogen levels in maize inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Local de produção, armazenamento e qualidade de sementes de soja

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV