Estudo da gestão de aterros sanitários através de consórcios públicos e públicos-privados

The growing population, purchasing power and changing the profile of Brazilian consumers are the facts to justify the increase in waste production in the country. According to the National Research Sanitation made by IBGE in 2000, Brazil produced 241,614 tons of waste per day, equivalent to approximately 90 million tons per year. This growth leads researchers to consider a better way to dump this material in order to mitigate the damage to population health and the environment. For this, one of the possible actions is the search for alternative disposal technological development, a possible solution being the construction of landfills. But many cities, especially those from regions of poor or agricultural base, do not always have sufficient resources and open spaces for the construction of a landfill as required by law. Fits like a context in which it operates as an alternative technology for inter-municipal consortia landfill and public-private partnerships in order to contribute to the sustainable development of cities. The law that regulates public consortia is the Federal Law 11.107 of April 2005, as the law that regulates and makes possible the Public-Private Partnership is the Federal Law 11.079 of 2004. Consortia are entities that bring together several municipalities, with or without the State and the Union to carry out joint actions that if were borne singly, not would achieve the same results or would lose a greater volume of resources, and would demand more time. The public-private partnership consist of one or more municipalities and a private company, selected by public tender, which becomes responsible for implementation, maintenance and operation of the landfill. This practice can performed on the model of concession, in which public administration is direct or indirect user, with or without installation and ... (Complete abstract click eletronic access below)

Aplicação de coagulantes naturais no tratamento de lixiviado de resíduos urbanos

With the constant increase in the municipal solid waste (MSW) generation, mainly due to the high consumption patterns, it becomes difficult to manage correctly the solid waste and thus minimize their impact on the environment. One of the most problems of the large amount of waste generated is the liquid originated from physical, chemical and biological decomposition process of organic wastes, with dark color and bad smell, called leachate: it can reach the soil, polluting the groundwater and the surface water. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the process of coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation applied in the treatment of the leachate generated in the not controlled landfill of Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Comportamento da temperatura da massa de resíduos aterrados em um aterro sanitário

In this paper we investigate the temperature variation of the mass of waste along the depth in a household waste landfill of Rio Claro - SP, São Paulo, having a climate characterized as Tropical Altitude. In this research, there were two holes in two distinct points of the landfill, with different depths and characteristics in order to fix several thermal sensors - RTDs - to record the temperature at predetermined depths. Overall, the results show the influence of temperature at depths of up to 3.0 meters (from the surface) and that it varies in a manner to stabilize at depths above 5.0 meters. The highest temperature obtained was approximately 37.5 ° C for a time of waste disposal of 7 to 10 years. The results showed the presence of organic matter (substrate) which resulted in elevated temperature resulting from biological activity

Fermentação metanogênica mesofílica de melaço e termofílica de vinhaça em reatores UASB

Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária - FCAV

Characterization and thermal study of organic extracts of urban solid waste

The urban residues put in landfill of the city of Sa˜o Carlos-SP, Brazil, in 2004 represent 58.7 % of decomposed organic material. The aim of this research was to characterize samples of urban solid waste and its organic extracts targeting the use of this residue without damaging the environment. The curves were obtained in a nitrogen atmosphere, a heating rate of 20 C min-1 , the temperature of 30–600 C. In the original sample after humidity loss, an event occured concerning the water constitution in the TG curve with an endothermic peak in the DTA curve. There was a presence of inorganic residue in the ashes. The organic matter present in the USR sample disposed in the landfill is constituted by several polarity, organics compounds from the degradation of lignin, cellulose, lipids, and other materials which thermal stabilities are distinct. The hexane extract features in its constitution two fatty acids, stearic and triacontano´ic, which are nonpolar compounds originating from bacteria present in the residue. The acids groups in extract hexane also were evidenced by X-ray diffraction and FTIR.

Bioconversion of Cellulose to Hydrogen by dark fermentation

Hydrogen is known as a clean energy resource. The biological production of hydrogen has been attracting attention as an environmentally friendly processs that does not consume fossil fuels. Cellulosic plant and waste materials are potential resources for fermentative hydrogen production. Cellulose is a linear biopolymer of glucose molecules, connected by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds. Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose requires the presence of cellulase. The present study aimed to investigate the efficiency of acid pretreatment on ruminal fluid in order to enrich H2 producing bacteria consortia to enhance biohydrogen rate and substrate removal efficiency. In this study, fermentative hydrogen producers were enriched on cellulose (2g/L) in a modificated Del Nery medium (DNM) at 37ºC and initial pH 7.0 using rumen fluid (10% v/v) as inoculum. To increase the hydrogen production it was added cellulose (10mL) to the medium. The gas products (mainly H2 and CO2) was analyzed by gas chromatography (Shimadzu GC 2010) using a thermal conductivity detector. The volatile fatty acids and ethanol were also detected by GC using a flame ionization detector. Cellulose degradation was quantified by using the phenolsulfuric acid method. Analysis showed that the biogas produced from the anaerobic fermentation contained only hydrogen and carbon dioxide, without detectable methane after acid pretreatment test. On DNM the hydrogen production started with 4 h (5,3 x 105 mmol H2/L) of incubation, and the maximum H2 concentration was observed with 34 h (7,1 x 106 mmol H2/L) of incubation. During the process, it was observed a predominance of acetic acid and butyric acid as well as a low production of acetone, ethanol and nbutanol in all experimental phases. Butyrate accounted for more than 77% of total. As a result of the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), the pH value in anaerobic digestion system was reduced to 4,0. On microscopy analyses there were observed rods with endospores. The batch anaerobic fermentation assays performed on anaerobic mixed inoculum from rumen fluid demonstrated the feasibility of H2 generation utilizing cellulose as substrate. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the acid treatment was efficient to inhibit the methanogenic archaea cells present in rumen fluid. The rumen fluid cells present a potential route in converting renewable biomass such as cellulose into hydrogen energy.

Biological Hydrogen production from environmental sample in tropical countries

The hydrogen gas is regarded as clean and renewable energy source, since it generates only water during combustion when used as fuel. It shows 2.75 times more energy content than any hydrocarbon and it can be converted into electrical, mechanical energy or heat. Inoculum sources have been successfully tested for hydrogen biological production in temperate climate countries as sludge treatment plants sewage, sludge treatment plant wastewater, landfill sample, among others. However, hydrogen biologic production with inoculum from environmental samples such as sediment reservoirs, especially in tropical countries like Brazil, is rarely investigated. Reservoirs and fresh water lake sediment may contain conditions for the survival of a wide variety of microorganisms which use different carbon sources mainly glucose and xylose, in the fermentation. Glucose is an easily biodegradable, present in most of the industrial effluents and can be obtained abundantly from agricultural wastes. A wide variety of wastewater resulting from agriculture, industry and pulp and paper processed from wood may contain xylose in its constitution. Such effluent contains glucose and xylose concentrations of about 2 g/L. In this sense, this work verified hydrogen biological production in anaerobic batch reactor (1L), at 37 ° C, initial pH 5.5, headspace with N2 (100%), Del Nery medium, vitamins and peptone (1 g/L), fed separately with glucose (2g/L) and xylose (2 g/L). The inoculum was taken from environmental sample (sediment reservoir Itupararanga - Ibiúna - SP-Brazil). It was previously purified in serial dilutions at H2 generation (10-5, 10-7, 10-10), and heat treated (90º C - 10 min) later to inhibited the H2 consumers. The maximum H2 generations obtained in both tests were observed at 552 h, as described below. At the reactors fed with glucose and xylose were observed, respectively, 9.1 and 8.6 mmol H2/L, biomass growth (0.2 and 0.2 nm); consumption of sugar concentrations 53.6% (1.1 glucose g/L) and 90.5% (1.8 xylose g/L); acetic acid generation (124.7 mg/L and 82.7 mg/L), butyric acid (134.0 mg/L and 230.4 mg/L) and there wasn’t methane generation in the reactors. Microscopic analysis of biomass in anaerobic reactors showed the predominance of Gram positive rods and rods with endospores, whose morphology is characteristic of H2-generating bacteria, in both tests. These species were selected from the natural environment. In DGGE analysis performed difference were observed between populations from inoculum and in tests. This analysis confirmed that some species of bacteria were selected which remained under the conditions imposed on the experiment. The efficiency of the pre-treatment of inoculum and the imposition of pH 5.5 inhibited methane-producing microorganisms and the consumers of H2. Therefore, the experimental conditions imposed allowed the attainment of bacterial consortium of producer H2 taken from an environmental sample with concentration of xylose and glucose similar to the ones of the industrial effluents.

Análise de estabilidade de taludes de aterro de resíduos urbanos utilizando parâmetros geotécnicos de propostas bibliográficas e correlações com Nspt

Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE

Co-digestão dos dejetos de suínos e óleo vegetal de descarte: adição de microrganismos e lipases comercias

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Farelo de acerola em programa de restrição alimentar para suínos pesados

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Caracterização do lodo de esgoto, após desaguamento e secagem térmica, da Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto de Araraquara

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Biodessulfurização do biogás gerado no processo de digestão anaeróbia da estação de tratamento de efluentes de uma indústria cervejeira

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

COD, TSS, nutrients and coliforms removals in UASB reactors in two stages treating swine wastewater

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Co-digestão anaeróbia de resíduos vegetais e águas residuárias de suinocultura em reatores horizontais de leito fixo e alta taxa

Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária - FCAV

Tratamento anaeróbio-aeróbio de águas residuárias do processamento de cafeeiro em reatores biológicos

Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária - FCAV