Participação da angiotensina na manutenção da pressão arterial em ratos depletados de sódio

Alterações de volemia podem ser causadas por diferentes situações fisiológicas como vômito, diarreia, aumento da ingestão de sódio, ou pelo uso de diuréticos. A depleção de sódio produzida pela injeção subcutânea (s.c.) do diurético furosemida acompanhada de uma dieta deficiente em sódio por 24 horas é um modelo amplamente utilizado no nosso laboratório para o estudo do apetite ao sódio. A depleção de sódio com o diurético furosemida promove um aumento da excreção de sódio e água, levando a alterações no balanço hidroeletrolítico corporal dos, ativando assim respostas comportamentais, hormonais e autonômicas para corrigir tais mudanças e restaurar a homeostase. Estudo do nosso laboratório demonstrou que apesar de apresentarem redução de volume plasmático, não se observa alterações significativas da pressão arterial em ratos com 24 h de depleção de sódio pelo tratamento com o diurético furosemida combinado com uma dieta deficiente de sódio. Desta forma, no presente estudo investigamos o papel do sistema renina-angiotensina pela injeção periférica de losartan (antagonista de receptores AT1 de angiotensina) e do sistema vasopressinérgico pela injeção periférica de composto de Manning (antagonista de receptores V1 de vasopressina) na manutenção da pressão arterial de ratos depletados de sódio. Foram utilizados ratos Holtzman (280-300 g, n=73) com cateter inserido na artéria femoral para registro da pressão arterial pulsátil (PAP) e veia femoral para injeção intravenosa (i.v.) de losartan ou composto de Manning. A pressão arterial média (PAM) e frequência cardíaca (FC) foram calculadas a partir do registro da PAP. A depleção de sódio foi induzida pelo tratamento com o diurético furosemida injetado subcutaneamente (s.c.) combinado com uma dieta deficiente em sódio por 24 h e livre acesso a água. Os parâmetros cardiovasculares foram medidos em ratos depletados de sódio (tratados...

High sodium intake during postnatal phases induces an increase in arterial blood pressure in adult rats

Coordenadoria de Aperfeiçoamento em Pesquisa (CAPES)

Adiposidade corporal e atividade física em diabéticos tipo 2 com e sem hipertensão arterial

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Exercise training improves ambulatory blood pressure but not arterial stiffness in heart transplant recipients

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is the most prevalent comorbidity after heart transplantation (HT). Exercise training (ET) is widely recommended as a key non-pharmacologic intervention for the prevention and management of hypertension, but its effects on ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and some mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of hypertension have not been studied in this population. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ET on ABP and arterial stiffness of HT recipients.METHODS: 40 HT patients, randomized to ET (n = 31) or a control group (n = 9) underwent a maximal graded exercise test, 24-hour ABP monitoring, and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) assessment before the intervention and at a 12-week follow-up assessment. The ET program was performed thrice-weekly and consisted primarily of endurance exercise (40 minutes) at similar to 70% of maximum oxygen uptake (Vo(2MAX))RESULTS: The ET group had reduced 24-hour (4.0 +/- 1.4 mm Hg, p < 0.01) and daytime (4.8 +/- 1.6 mm Hg, p < 0.01) systolic ABP, and 24-hour (7.0 +/- 1.4 mm Hg, p < 0.001) daytime (7.5 +/- 1.6 mm Hg, p < 0.001) and nighttime (5.9 +/- 1.5 mm Hg, p < 0.001) diastolic ABP after the intervention. The ET group also had improved Vo(2MAX) (9.7% +/- 2.6%, p < 0.001) after the intervention. However, PWV did not change after ET. No variable was changed in the control group after the intervention.CONCLUSIONS: The 12-week ET program was effective for reducing ABP but not PWV in heart transplant recipients. This result suggesfs that endurance ET may be a tool to counteract hypertension in this high-risk population. (C) 2015 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. All rights reserved.

Avaliação da pressão arterial sistêmica em cães obesos: comparação entre os métodos oscilométrico e doppler ultrassônico

Obesity is the most common nutritional problem in dogs and it can cause various harmful effects on animal health. However, the effect of this condition on systolic blood pressure (SBP) in obese dogs is controversial. The indirect method of measuring PAS is the most commonly used in veterinary medicine for the diagnosis of systemic hypertension, because it is more practical and easy to access. There is little scientific information about the comparison of the two non- invasive methods of measurement of blood pressure in obese dogs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the SBP in obese dogs by comparing both indirect methods of measuring blood pressure, with oscillometric and doppler vascular in order to verify the differences in blood pressure values, but also the best method to assess the SBP dogs in this body score condition. The study complain blood pressure measurement of 50 dogs, with were divided in obese dogs with mean body condition score (BCS) of 8.42 +/- 0.50 (n = 25) and dogs with ideal BCS of 4.56 +/- 0.51 (n = 25). At comparison of blood pressure values, SBP values obtained by doppler method (152 +/- 16mmHg) were higher than the oscillometric (136 +/- 11mmHg). Correspondence analysis determined by multivariate statistical analysis showed correlation between body condition and the procedure of the SBP. These findings suggest that the indirect method doppler can better reflect the SBP in obese dogs.

Arterial pressure and gene expression in the nucleus of the solitary tract in rats fed with high-fat diet

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Image segmentation through combined methods: watershed transform, unsupervised distance learning and normalized cut

Research on image processing has shown that combining segmentation methods may lead to a solid approach to extract semantic information from different sort of images. Within this context, the Normalized Cut (NCut) is usually used as a final partitioning tool for graphs modeled in some chosen method. This work explores the Watershed Transform as a modeling tool, using different criteria of the hierarchical Watershed to convert an image into an adjacency graph. The Watershed is combined with an unsupervised distance learning step that redistributes the graph weights and redefines the Similarity matrix, before the final segmentation step using NCut. Adopting the Berkeley Segmentation Data Set and Benchmark as a background, our goal is to compare the results obtained for this method with previous work to validate its performance.

Image segmentation using morphological watershed applied to cartography

Image segmentation is a process frequently used in several different areas including Cartography. Feature extraction is a very troublesome task, and successful results require more complex techniques and good quality data. The aims of this paper is to study Digital Image Processing techniques, with emphasis in Mathematical Morphology, to use Remote Sensing imagery, making image segmentation, using morphological operators, mainly the multi-scale morphological gradient operator. In the segmentation process, pre-processing operators of Mathematical Morphology were used, and the multi-scales gradient was implemented to create one of the images used as marker image. Orbital image of the Landsat satellite, sensor TM was used. The MATLAB software was used in the implementation of the routines. With the accomplishment of tests, the performance of the implemented operators was verified and carried through the analysis of the results. The extration of linear feature, using mathematical morphology techniques, can contribute in cartographic applications, as cartographic products updating. The comparison to the best result obtained was performed by means of the morphology with conventional techniques of features extraction. © Springer-Verlag 2004.

Evaluation of dietary intake of calcium in adult subjects with idiopathic arterial hypertension

The calcium-intake relationship with other alimentary and anthropometric variables was investigates in a group of 60 adult (19-75 year-old) subjects, 50 females and 10 males, with essential arterial hypertension (DAP > 90 mmHg). The calcium intake was assessed by three different protocols: 24-hour food intake recall, food-frequency questionnaire and 3 day self-food intake register, repeated along with anthropometric measurements on three different occasions (2-15 month-intervals). The calcium intake assessed by the three methods, as well as the anthropometric data, were statistically similar on all three occasions. The mean data were then compared with those form the control, composed of 75 healthy subjects matched with the hypertensive group by age and sex. The patients ingested less calcium (mean +/- SD) than the controls on the daily (517 +/- 271 x 740 +/- 353 mg/d) and body-weight (8.1 +/- 5.0 x 11.4 +/- 5.9 mg/kg/d) basis. Among the males the calcium intake was the only difference found between groups and could be attributed to the lower intake of calcium-rich foods. The hypertensive females showed also higher lean-body mass (Body-mass index and arm muscle circumference). Thus the calcium intake discriminated both groups being associated with changes in other nutritional parameters only in females.

The hindlimb arterial vessels in lowland paca (Cuniculus paca, Linnaeus 1766)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Prevalência de hipertensão arterial em adolescentes escolares em Ibitinga: importância do histórico familiar

Hypertension (H) affects approximately 1,2 billion of people in the world. Among the main risk factors are weight excess, sedentary lifestyle, socio economic condition and family history of H. The main aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of hypertension in teenager scholars in Ibitinga, finding the role of family history of H and to correlates these results with nutritional condition, anthropometric variables and socio economic condition. This research analyzed 150 participants (50 teenager students and their parents) in public and private schools. All the volunteers had their weight (kg) and height (m) measured to calculate the body mass index (BMI). The students were classifieds from table of percentile of obesity (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC). The blood pressure (BP) was evaluated according to V Arterial Hypertension Brazilian Guidelines (VAHBG, 2006). The high values considered of BP were: ≥140x90 mmHg for adults and percentile >95 for teenagers. The socio economic condition was categorized from IBGE. Among the students, 36% had high BP and 20% borderline. The percentage of high BP were bigger in the public (44%) than private schools (28%), showing a negative correlation between socio economic condition and systolic BP (SBP, r=0.2857) and diastolic BP (DBP, r=0,0165). The prevalence of elevated BP was higher in the girls of public schools (47% vs 40% boys) and in the boys at the private schools (33% v s23%). Weight excess was present in 42% of children (12% obesity and 30% overweight). Again, public schools had prevalence of obesity (52% vs 3% in the private) which was not correlated with socio economic condition. Percentage of overweight and obesity were bigger in the girls of both public (54% vs 50% boys) and private (38% vs 25%) schools. Among the students with H, 67% were overweight. Elevated BP was found in 54% of the fathers and 32% of the mothers. With respect to nutritional condition, 56% of the...

Associação entre níveis de pressão arterial e letalidade na fase aguda do acidente vascular cerebral: estudo prospectivo

Pós-graduação em Fisiopatologia em Clínica Médica - FMB

Efeitos da doxicilina na hipertensão arterial induzida pela exposiçao ao chumbo: quantificação de pepídeos vasoativos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Role of α1-, and α2- and β-adrenoceptors of the median preoptic area on the water intake, renal excretion, and arterial pressure induced by ANG II

The present experiments were conducted to investigate the role of the α1-, α2- and β-adrenergic receptors of the median preoptic area (MnPO) on the water intake and urinary electrolyte excretion, elicited by central injections of angiotensin II (ANG II). Prazosin (an α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist) and yohimbine (an α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist) antagonized the water ingestion, Na +, K +, and urine excretion induced by ANG II. Administration of propranolol, a β-adrenergic receptor antagonist increased the Na +, K +, and urine excretion induced by ANG II. Previous treatment with prazosin and yohimbine reduced the pressor responses to ANG II. These results suggest that the adrenergic neurotransmission in the MnPO may actively participate in ANG II-induced dipsogenesis, natriuresis, kaliuresis, diuresis and pressor responses in a process that involves α1-, α2-, and β-adrenoceptors.

Morfologia e vascularização arterial do timo em avestruzes Struthio camelus (LINNAEUS, 1758)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)