Morphometric relationships and indirect determination of the length frequency structure of the pirarucu, Arapaima gigas (Cuvier), in Brazilian Amazonia

The pirarucu (giant red fish), Arapaima gigas (Cuvier), (Arapaimidae) is among the diverse fish resources of Amazonia which are threatened by over-exploitation. Little is known about the biology of this species despite its commercial importance. The present paper provides indirect information about the length-frequency structure of the stock which was estimated by sampling its tongue bone in craft shops and weighing fresh manias (processed fish product) in fish markets since these were the only remaining recognizable features of the fish. The length-frequency reconstruction was carried out using a regression analysis calculated by utilizing individuals caught in experimental fishing.

Morphometric relationships and indirect determination of the length frequency structure of the pirarucu, Arapaima gigas (Cuvier), in Brazilian Amazonia

The pirarucu (giant red fish), Arapaima gigas (Cuvier), (Arapaimidae) is among the diverse fish resources of Amazonia which are threatened by over-exploitation. Little is known about the biology of this species despite its commercial importance. The present paper provides indirect information about the length-frequency structure of the stock which was estimated by sampling its tongue bone in craft shops and weighing fresh manias (processed fish product) in fish markets since these were the only remaining recognizable features of the fish. The length-frequency reconstruction was carried out using a regression analysis calculated by utilizing individuals caught in experimental fishing.

Frequency measurements of CD3OH and (CH3OH)-C-13 optically pumped far-infrared laser lines

We report the frequency measurements of 18 optically pumped far-infrared (FIR) laser lines generated from CD3OH and (CH3OH)-C-13. We use the heterodyne technique of mixing FIR laser radiations and microwave radiation on a metal-insulator-metal point-contact tunnel diode to determine the FIR laser frequencies. Two FIR laser systems, consisting of CO2 waveguide pump lasers and Fabry-Perot FIR laser cavities, were used as optical sources. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America.

Simulations of the Frequency Modulated Atomic Force Microscope (FM-AFM) nonlinear control system

The Frequency Modulated - Atomic Force Microscope (FM-AFM) is apowerful tool to perform surface investigation with true atomic resolution. The controlsystem of the FM-AFM must keep constant both the frequency and amplitude ofoscillation of the microcantilever during the scanning process of the sample. However,tip and sample interaction forces cause modulations in the microcantilever motion.A Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) is used as a demodulator and to generate feedback signalto the FM-AFM control system. The PLL performance is vital to the FM-AFMperformace since the image information is in the modulated microcantilever motion.Nevertheless, little attention is drawn to PLL performance in the FM-AFM literature.Here, the FM-AFM control system is simulated, comparing the performancefor di erent PLL designs.

Characterization of the patellofemoral pain syndrome by frequency parameters of EMG signal

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is the most frequent complaint in orthopedic clinics; although, its etiology remains unclear [Bolgla, 2010; Felicio, 2011]. Trying to understand its causes has been used time analysis of electromyography (EMG), but this method shows controversies. The aim of this study was to apply a method of processing the EMG signal in the frequency domain of the vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VM) muscles for the characterization of PFPS.

Validation of a FFQ (Food Frequency Questionaire) for older people

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)