Respostas fisiológicas de cultivares de cana-de-açúcar a herbicidas seletivos

The use of selective herbicides to control weeds has caused different responses in cultivars of sugar cane, and some products affect physiological characteristics and reduce the photosynthetic activity. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological traits in cultivars of sugar cane under the effect of applying post-emergence herbicides. The test was developed in Jau, SP. The experimental design was randomized blocks in factorial scheme 5 x 4 (cultivar x herbicide) with four replications. SP81-3250, RB855156, RB855453, RB867515, IACSP95-5000 were grown in this studied. Herbicides clomazone (1200 g i.a.ha-1); commercial mixture of clomazone + ametryn (1000 + 1500 g i.a.ha-1) and ametryn (3000 g i.a.ha-1) and a control were applied at 30 days after planting. Cultivars IACSP95-5000 and RB867515 were less affected physiologically and can be considered selective to these herbicides. The application of clomazone and ametryn affected negatively the traits maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), SPAD index and photosynthetic pigments, but the mixture of these herbicides caused higher reductions, indicating to be the more aggressive to the cultivars.

Estimativa da área e capacidade de retenção foliar de calda em citros

This work was done to determine the maximum amount of liquid that the citrus leaves can hold back and compare alternative methods for estimating leaf area with the standard method of integrating electronic image. The alternative methods were leaf mirroring on paper and leaf digitalization and imagine analyzes. The spray retention capacity was evaluated with mitecide sprayed with cyhexatin (Sipcatin 500 CS) plus the treatments: combination of two adjuvants (mineral oil - Assist and vegetable oil - Veget'Oil) and two concentrations (10 and 15 mL of adjuvant L-1). The methods for estimating leaf area assessed do not differ between them. The maximum retention of liquids for the leaf occurred when vegetable oil in the application was used.

Desempenho produtivo e qualidade pós-colheita de genótipos de feijão do grupo comercial carioca cultivados na época de inverno-primavera

The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance and grain quality, especially the grain technological characteristics in the common bean genotypes, cultivated in winter-spring season. The experiment was carried out in Jaboticabal-SP, in a Rhodic Hapludox. The experimental design was a randomized block with 17 treatments (genotypes) with three replications. The plots had been composed for 17 carioca common bean group genotypes (Pérola, BRS Cometa, BRS Pontal, IPR Juriti, CNFC 10703, CNFC 10713, CNFC 10716, CNFC 10721, CNFC 10729, CNFC 10733, CNFC 10742, CNFC 10753, CNFC 10757, CNFC 10758, CNFC 10762, CNFC 10763 and CNFC 10813). BRS Pontal and CNFC 10716 showed simultaneously the higher number of per plant and grain yield. The technological characteristics more expressive was verified in CNFC 10703, CNFC 10713, CNFC 10758, CNFC 10813 and CNFC 10716 genotypes, principally about the protein content, cooking time and grain hydration capacity. The CNFC 10716 genotype detached as promissory, because their elevated agronomic performance and satisfactory technological characteristics.

Parâmetros genéticos entre caracteres quantitativos no girassol como critério de seleção para produtividade de aquênios

Two experiments were conducted in southern Brazil in no-tillage system, in order to estimate genetic parameters and the direct and indirect effects of components for achene yield as a selection criterion in sunflower. We analyzed eight sunflower hybrids at two locations, in a randomized complete block design with four replicates, determined through quantitative descriptors: insertion height of the head, and head stem diameter, weight of 1000 achenes, number of achenes per head, mass by achene head and yield achene. Estimates of genetic parameters were based on combined analysis, decomposing interactions in genetic and environmental components. Considering the coefficient of genetic variation, indirect effects of components and heritability, there are higher possibilities for responses to selection in sunflower achenes by descriptors mass and mass of achenes per head, with its indirect association interrelated pathways for the increase in the achenes of yield.

Projeto Rived: um estudo de caso de uma equipe de matemática

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Aplicação do fungo Metarhizium anisopliae em pastagem visando o controle do carrapato Boophilus microplus em bovinos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Objetos de ensino: a renovação pedagógica e material da escola primária no Brasil, no século XX

This article aims at analyzing the role of the objects of learning in the propositions for innovation of primary schools during the 20th century, highlighting the changes in the composition of school subjects having in mind the objects that were introduced and marked out as relevant for school modernization and those that remained or were redefined in terms of their finality and uses. The examination of three significant moments of the implementation of innovations in the elementary school is intended: the modernization by the intuitive method at the turn of the century; the propositions of Escola Nova between the 1930s and the 1950s; and the renovation represented by educational technology in the 1960s and 1970s.

Na história do ensino da literatura no Brasil: problemas e possibilidades para o século XXI

Serão problematizadas as relações entre literatura e ensino, com ênfase na história recente do ensino da literatura (infantil) na educação escolar brasileira. O objetivo é discutir a importância da leitura (literária) da configuração de textos literários para o processo de formação de leitores, assim como as implicações para a formação de professores para a educação infantil e anos iniciais do ensino fundamental.

Theodor Adorno e Hannah Arendt: confluências no campo da filosofia da educação

The aim of this paper is to analyze the confluences between the thinking of philosophers Theodor Adorno and Hannah Arendt in critiquing totalitarianism and fascism in the post-World War II period. Looking for approximation between the works of both philosophers, the most relevant aspects of this criticism for the philosophy of education will be explicited.

A violência da escola na voz de futuros professores: uma probabilidade da produção da cultura da violência em ambientes escolares?

The purpose of this research is to show the types of violence committed by teachers that were experienced and/or witnessed by future teachers during their schooling history. It's a quantitative and qualitative research. The collection, organization, and analysis of data proceeded from Content Analysis (BARDIN, 1977) and the construction of Bernard Charlot and Pierre Bourdieu's works and specific literature on the theme. The subjects are 12 students that attended the Pedagogy undergraduate program in 2011 at the Faculty of Science and Arts of the city of Araraquara in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The data shows that the majority of the group of individuals claimed to have witnessed or experienced violence by teachers during their basic training. According to them, among the most recurring types of violence are those of symbolic nature. They attended, not equally, the public system and the private system. This enabled pointing out that violence, especially symbolic violence, occurred in both school systems. Therefore, this is a phenomenon that affects different fractions of social classes. Considering that the participants of this research are future teachers, it was established a relation with the notion of 'cycle of abuse', since there is a high possibility of them practicing the teaching function.

Produtividade, qualidade fisiológica e composição química de sementes de crambe em diferentes doses de fósforo

The crambe is a brassica with high content of oil used for biodiesel production and that has aroused interest in the short cycle and low production cost. However, there are doubts about their response to phosphated fertilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of phosphorus on yield, physiological quality, chemical composition and oil content of crambe seeds. The treatments consisted of five doses of phosphorus (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg ha(-1)) applied at sowing. There was no effect of phosphorus on mineral composition and oil content of the seeds of crambe that showed the following averages: 30.11 N, 7.46 P, 7.35 K, Ca 10.06, 6.58 mg and 8.98 g kg(-1) S; 36.25 Cu, Fe 169.40, 36.75 Mn 73.60 mg kg(-1) Zn and 30.22% oil. It was concluded that the productivity of crambe increases with phosphorus rates of up to 100 kg ha(-1), but its use does not affect the survival rate of plants, dry mass, the mass of thousand seeds, the physiological quality, chemical composition and oil content of the seed.

Rendimento do suco e qualidade química do abacaxi sob lâminas e frequências de irrigação

The pineapple crop has a permanent demand for water, variable and dependent on their stage of development, which may affect the production and fruit quality. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical quality of fruits Smooth cayenne pineapple submitted to different levels and frequency of water replacement in the soil. We used a randomized block design in a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of four levels of soil water replenishment (50%, 75%, 100% and 125% of crop evapotranspiration) and two irrigation frequencies (1 and 3 days) with four replications. We evaluated the parameters: juice yield (RS), hydrogen potential (pH), total soluble solids (SST), titratable acidity (ATT), SST/ATT relationship, ascorbic acid (AA). It was observed that the blades and irrigation frequencies did not affect the juice yield (RS) and ascorbic acid (AA), the increase of the blades irrigation influenced positively the quality of the fruit as it increases the values of total soluble solids (SST) decreases the acidity (ATT), raises the relationship SST/ATT and hydrogen potential (pH).

Espacialização do banco de sementes de plantas daninhas sob diferentes manejos de cana-de-açúcar em Rio Brilhante, Mato Grosso do Sul

The State of Mato Grosso do Sul is in full growth of this sector, thus the concern about harvesting systems are being studied, and these systems may influence the weed community interference of weeds in the cane sugar. The integrated management tool attached to geostatistics is to avoid productivity losses due to weed interference. The objective of this work was to study the spatial variability of the seed bank of weeds depending on the system for collecting cane sugar (raw and burning). The experiment was conducted in the area of commercial cultivation of the plant ETH Bioenergy S/A Eldorado Unity. Soil samples were taken with auger layer from 0.00 to 0.40 m depth in both cropping systems. The experimental plot was composed by a mesh consisting of 50 points georeferenced with irregular distances. Soil samples were taken to the greenhouse for germination. The number of weed species was analyzed using descriptive statistics and geostatistical techniques. The seeds of B. pilosa, dicots, bitter grass, nutsedge, dayflower monocots and spatial dependence of the seed bank in the collection system with burning of cane sugar. For the system of harvest only the raw sedge species present spatial dependence of distribution in the seed bank. In the harvest green cane enable the mapping of these species through the kriging maps produced, spot applications of herbicides in integrated management of Cyperus rotundus.

Quantitative descriptors and their direct and indirect effects on corn yield

The objective of this study was to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of ten quantitative descriptors of agronomic importance in productivity of 25 maize hybrids and their respective influences of heritability. The experiment in randomized blocks with four replications, was conducted in 2010/2011 crop in a soil under humid subtropical climate. The quantitative descriptors were: ear length, ear diameter, cob diameter, number of rows of grains, stem diameter, plant height, ear height, weight of 100 grains, grain weight per ear and number of grains per ear. The grain weight per ear and ear length showed high correlation with grain yield, and the descriptors with the highest potential for selecting superior genotypes and showing high heritability.

Efeitos do treinamento em natação sobre propriedades mecânicas e estruturais do fêmur de ratas ovariectomizadas

We investigated the effects of swimming training (ST) on femoral mechanical and structural properties in ovariectomized female rats. Female Wistar rats [age = 20 weeks; body weight (BW) = 271,42 +/- 17,6 g] were subjected to ovariectomy (OVX) or laparotomy (SHAM) and allocated to one of the following groups: swimming OVX (SO, n=12), control OVX (CO, n=12), swimming SHAM (SS, n=12) and control SHAM (CS, n=12). Fifteen days after surgery SO and SS groups were subjected to a ST (60 min/day, 5 days/week, overload of 3% of BW) for 10 weeks. Alkalin phosfatase was reduced in OVX as compared to SHAM (18,87 pg/mL vs. 53,93 pg/mL, respectively), but not altered by ST. Animals SHAM showed more cancellous bone than OVX (255,50 +/- 38,27 vs 288,75 +/- 39,63 points, respectively). Exercised animals exhibited more cancellous bone than controls (292,00 +/- 33,54 vs 251,54 +/- 38,99 points, respectively) in this region and in the grater trochanter (281,50 +/- 34,42 vs 237,23 +/- 53,03 points; respectively). Bone mineral density and cortical bone in the femur midshaft were not altered either by OVX or ST. The maximum force and thoughness of the femoral neck and midshaft were not affected either by OVX or ST. It was concluded that ST benefits cancellous bone mass in the femoral proximal region (i.e. femoral neck and greater trochanter), independently of ovariectomy, which did not reflect in improved mechanical properties either in the femoral neck or midshaft.