Cobertura populacional do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

O objetivo deste artigo é estimar a cobertura populacional do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (SISVAN) nos diferentes estágios de vida e avaliar seu funcionamento no estado de São Paulo. O estudo incluiu 65 municípios divididos em 14 regiões do estado. A cobertura do SISVAN foi estimada a partir de dados de monitoramento do estado nutricional disponíveis nos relatórios públicos, e do número de usuários que frequentam os serviços públicos de saúde. O total de usuários foi obtido pela diferença entre o total de habitantes e o número de beneficiários de planos de saúde privados. A maioria das regiões apresentou uma cobertura reduzida (<10%). Cerca de 57% revelaram cobertura entre 5 e 10%. Constatou-se uma preponderância de registros do estado nutricional de crianças para todas as regiões do Estado. Chama a atenção a reduzida cobertura entre os idosos, que é inexistente ou próxima de zero na maioria das regiões. Apesar dos esforços empreendidos pelo governo visando à ampliação e à qualificação do SISVAN, o monitoramento nutricional no estado de São Paulo ainda é insuficiente. Esta condição compromete sua utilização na elaboração de políticas efetivas na área de alimentação e nutrição.

Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos: limites e potencialidades de políticas de segurança alimentar para a agricultura familiar

The Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos was created by the Lula administration (2003) as part of Fome Zero (Zero Hungry). This program aims to ensure access to food for people living in food and/or nutritional insecure situation and strengthen family agriculture, by food that is pushased by the government. Considering the importance of this program as a differentiated policy that we abode in the analysis far of its implementation on national scale, as its operationalization in a specific context, with the spatial cutout of the municipality Dracena, located on São Paulo state western portion. It was found that, either in national and municipal levels, the program presented a growth on the number of approved projects, participating producers, benefited institutions and resource values. However, even with such expansion, the scope of this program is still quite limited and at the same time, too concentrated in spatial terms.

Growth performance and intestinal histomorphology of Nile tilapia juveniles fed probiotics

The objective of this study was to assess the growth performance and the histomorphometric characterization of the middle intestine of GIFT strain Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus juveniles fed probiotics, added either before or after the feed processing. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments and five replications: pelleted feed without any probiotic; pelleted feed with inclusion of probiotic before the processing; pelleted feed with inclusion of probiotic after the processing; extruded feed without any probiotic and extruded feed with inclusion of probiotic after the processing. Two hundred and fifty juveniles were distributed in 25 aquaria (20L) and fed for 63 days. Differences in the mean values of total weight were found at the end of the experiment. After 42 days of feed intake, significant differences in feed conversion were verified for treatments with extruded diets when compared to the pelleted ones. The fishes fed diets supplemented with probiotic presented increase in the thickness of the epithelium of the intestine. The best zootechnical performance was observed in the extruded diet supplemented with probiotic added after the feed processing. The inclusion of 4.0 x 10(8) CFU g-1 of Bacillus subtilis and 4.0 x 10(8) CFU g-1 of Bacillus toyoi in both the pelleted and the extruded diets promoted an increase in the thickness of the epithelial layer of the middle intestine.

Hábito alimentar e morfologia do aparelho digestivo de espécies de Carabidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) associados a plantas herbáceas e ao algodoeiro colorido

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV

Preferência alimentar e eficiência da carpa capim (Ctenopharyngodon idella) no controle de macrófitas aquáticas em mesocosmos

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Automação do manejo alimentar na engorda de tilápias criadas em tanque-rede

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FMVZ

Preferência alimentar e desenvolvimento de Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) em soja

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Repercusões a longo prazo do padrão alimentar ocidental ocorrido durante a gestação, lactação e fase juvenil na susceptibilidade ao desenvolvimento de câncer do cólon em ratos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Resíduo de abacaxi em programa de restrição alimentar qualitativa para suínos pesados

Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Animal - FEIS

Comportamento ingestivo de novilhas Nelore em pastejo recebendo suplemento a base de própolis ou monensina sódica

We evaluated the effect of additives the basis of propolis and monensin on ingestive behavior (grazing -GRA, rumination lying -RLY, rumination in foot -RFO, rumination -RUM; idleness lying -ILY, idleness in standing -IDS, idleness -IDL, walking -WAL, posture standing -POS, posture lying -PLY, intake of supplement and water -ISW) of heifers in Tifton 85 grazing. The treatments were: no additive (NAD); propolis - PRO (33.24 mg animal-1 of total flavonoid in apigenin), and monensin -MON (100 mg animal(-1)). Were used five heifers treatment(-1) for evaluation of ingestive behavior during 12 hours of total valuation, which was divided into three periods. Used a factorial design into 3 x 3 for evaluation of ingestive behavior as a function of the evaluation periods. Were utilized three paddocks of 2.9 acres of grass Tifton 85. The additives and mineral supplement (50 g animal(-1)) were provided with 200 g of corn meal to 17 hours. For all activities of the ingestive behaviors observed the effect of period on the time spent on of different activities. The activities of GRA and ISW were higher in the third period (15hours to 19hours) compared to the first period (7hours at 11hours). For IDL and PLY, there was a higher time in minutes for heifers treatment with PRO in the period of 7hours at 11hours, compared to other treatments (NAD and MON). Thus, it is concluded that the use of the additive based on propolis enables sodium monensin replacement, to heifers maintained on pasture without changing eating behavior as well as providing greater idleness during the day the without affecting animal performance.

Repelência e deterrência alimentar de vaquinhas por óleos de nim e cinamomo aplicados em folhas de feijoeiro

This work aimed to evaluate the repellent and deterrent effect of the application of concentrations of neem and chinaberry oil on bean leaves on the leaf beetles Diabrotica speciosa (Germar) and Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier). The concentrations of neem oil tested were 0.625, 1.25, 2.50, 5.00, 10.00 and 20,00 mL, corresponding respectively to 1, 2, 4, 8, 17 and 33 ppm of azadirachtin A and the concentrations of chinaberry oil used were the same used to neem oil, corresponding, however, to 1.875, 3.75, 7.50, 15.00, 30.00 and 60.00 mg mL(-1) of chinaberry extract, respectively. For the free-choice tests, glass containers were used as arenas, whereas for the no-choice tests Petri dishes were used, where in both one insect per treatment was released in the center. Attractiveness was evaluated in predetermined time periods, in addition to the leaf consumption, at the end of the experiment. Neem oil is repellent to D. speciosa and C. arcuata, with more efficient results at the 5.00, 10.00 and 20.00 mL concentrations. All concentrations of neem oil reduce leaf consumption of both insects, except in the no-choice test with D. speciosa, in which only the 10.00 and 20.00 mL concentrations are deterrent. Chinaberry oil provides high repellent activity on both leaf beetle species, and the 10.00 and 20.00 mL concentrations stood out. The 10.00 and 20.00 mL concentrations of chinaberry oil are deterrent to D. speciosa and C. arcuata.

Avaliação dos efeitos da poluição sobre a atividade alimentar de Astyanax fasciatus e a diversidade da ictiofauna do Ribeirão Claro - SP

Devido à alta ação antrópica em rios, lagos e mares, a ictiofauna sofre sérios impactos que podem prejudicar sua dinâmica populacional. No interior do estado de São Paulo, muitos municípios captam águas superficiais para o abastecimento urbano e lançam seus efluentes à jusante da captação. Pode-se dizer que o mesmo acontece com o município de Rio Claro. O presente trabalho de conclusão de curso avaliou os efeitos da poluição de despejos orgânicos sobre a diversidade da ictiofauna e a alimentação, a reprodução e o fator de condição de Astyanax fasciatus, levando em consideração a sazonalidade e a variação de parâmetros físico-químicos da água comparando dois pontos do Ribeirão Claro (Rio Claro – SP) no interior da “Floresta Estadual Edmundo Navarro de Andrade”: um à jusante da captação d’água da cidade (área menos poluída) e outro logo após o despejo dos esgotos (área mais poluída). Foram coletados no total 1274 exemplares distribuídos em 26 espécies de peixes nas quatro coletas realizadas. No ponto 1 – área menos poluída, foram coletados 1121 exemplares de 26 espécies nas estações cheia e seca. Na estação cheia foram capturados 401 indivíduos pertencentes a 19 espécies, enquanto que na estação seca foram coletados 720 indivíduos distribuídos em 24 espécies. No ponto 2 – área mais poluída, foram coletados 153 exemplares de 14 espécies. Na estação cheia, foram capturados 141 indivíduos distribuídos em 11 espécies, enquanto que na estação seca foram coletados 12 indivíduos pertencentes a 6 espécies. Dentre os parâmetros estudados, oxigênio dissolvido e coliformes fecais foram um dos mais discrepantes entre os dois pontos e entre as coletas, auxiliando assim, na caracterização do ambiente estudado. No ponto 1, o valor de oxigênio variou de ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Agressividade relacionada ao contexto alimentar em escorpião-amarelo Tityus Serrulatus (Lutz & Mello, 1922)(Scorpiones, Buthidae)

Scorpions are among the oldest living groups of animals, and are present in almost every continent. Although many studies are made about the toxins present in their venom, little is known about their behavior. The aim of this paper is to investigate the expression of agressiveness in the brazilian yellow scorpion Tityus serrulatus, specifically the relation between agressiveness, motor activity and feeding condition. The study was divided in two parts. First, we used 16 adult individuals, placed in two terrarium, to establish an ethogram. Each group was observed for 36h, and the behaviors displayed were described and categorized as agonistic or non-agonistic. In the second part of the experiment, we used 32 adult animals in three different nutritional states: Feeding (still ingesting food), Sated (1 to 4 days since last meal) and Deprived (14 to 25 days since last meal). The individuals were paired, each pair placed in a terrarium and observed for 30min. Behaviors displayed were timed in seconds. Our results show that only Feeding individuals displayed agonism towards others, and no relation was observed between motor activity and feeding conditions

Fator de condição e biologia alimentar de Pimelodus maculatus em três pontos do Rio Piracicaba (SP)

A number of 170 individuals of the species Pimelodus maculatus, a Neotropical fish known as mandi was collected in three distinct locations of the Piracicaba river (Piracicaba, Santa Maria da Serra and Americana – SP0 from April 2009 to February 2010. A common species of catfish whose individuals exist in many neotropical basins was observed to get more information about a possible influence of the water conditions in distant parts of a same river to its condition and also to verify whether the stomach contents of fish collected in these distinct places may distinguish as a possible consequence of food availability. The species were studied by collecting biological data such as standard length (SL) in cm, their total weights (TW ) in grams and sexes to see the composition of fish present in the samples. Length-weight relationships are important means to investigate facts related to the condition of the species in these systems. The analysis was made by using covariance to observe if individuals of similar lengths collected in distinct places may be compared to this purpose. Usual methods to investigate relationships of stomach food contents were applied. By analyzing the condition factor, one may conclude that the mandis collected in the region of Santa Maria da Serra presented similar characteristics to those obtained in Piracicaba, but they differ in this aspect for individuals collected in Americana. This fact is not conclusive about the reasons of this situation, but it may be a first step to other studies in order to get more information about. The degree of stomach repletion may be a first approach to this possible explanation, as individuals of Piracicaba presented usually full stomachs and differed in this way to individuals collected in the two other places

Estudo da dispersão pós-alimentar em larvas de moscas-varejeiras via autômatos celulares

In this paper, a computational analysis, using a cellular automata model, has been developed to analyze post-feeding dispersal behavior of blow y larvae. This model aimed to: simulate the exponential decline of pupal number in relation to the feed source and spatial oscillation due to larval interaction during dispersal; study whether the prior pupal presence in uences distribution patterns of larval frequency; and compare obtained unidirectional dispersal patterns to the cross-dimensional ones. The cellular automata (CA) model was able to successfully reproduce the essential features of the larval dispersal process and, thus, show the importance of local interaction in the studied dispersal process dynamics. Oscillations could be explained by the interaction among dispersing larvae and intrinsic pupation time. The box size and the initial larval density were important factors for the experiment because they in uenced the results. Results showed that the unidirectional dispersal could be used to simulate the larval dispersion that occurs in the natural environment, because both models had a similar result. These results are important to understand how di erent factors can in uence the dynamics of blow y larval dispersal, bringing important results for behavioral ecology and forensic entomology