Analysis of the Al-PANI interfaces by complex impedance spectroscopy

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Effect of pH of colloidal suspension on crystallization and activation energy of deep levels in SnO2 thin films obtained via sol-gel

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Structural Characterization of Nanocrystalline Sb-Doped SnO2 Xerogels by Multiedge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Electrodeposition of copper on titanium wires: Taguchi experimental design approach

Electrodeposition of thin copper layer was carried out on titanium wires in acidic sulphate bath. The influence of titanium surface preparation, cathodic current density, copper sulphate and sulphuric acid concentrations, electrical charge density and stirring of the solution on the adhesion of the electrodeposits was studied using the Taguchi statistical method. A L(16) orthogonal array with the six factors of control at two levels each and three interactions was employed. The analysis of variance of the mean adhesion response and signal-to-noise ratio showed the great influence of cathodic current density on adhesion. on the contrary, the other factors as well as the three investigated interactions revealed low or no significant effect. From this study optimized electrolysis conditions were defined. The copper electrocoating improved the electrical conductivity of the titanium wire. This shows that copper electrocoated titanium wires could be employed for both electrical purpose and mechanical reinforcement in superconducting magnets. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Photopyroelectric spectroscopy of polyaniline films

Photopyroelectric spectroscopy (PPES), in the 400 < lambda < 900 nm wavelength range, was used to study thermal properties of differently doped polyaniline (PAN) films. The photopyroelectric intensity signal V-n(lambda) and its phase F-n(lambda) were independently measured, as well as the intensity V-n(f) and the phase F-n(f) (f being the chopping frequency) for a given A of the saturation part of the PPES spectrum. Equations of both the intensity and the phase of the PPES signal, taking into account the thermal and the optical characteristics of the PAN films and the pyroelectric detector, were used to fit the experimental results. From the fittings we obtained, with great accuracy, the values of thermal conductivity k and thermal diffusivity coefficient a of PAN films of different doping degrees. It was observed that, in contrast with the strong doping-dependence of the electrical conductivity, the thermal parameters of PAN films remained practically unchanged under doping. This apparent discrepancy is explained by the granular metal model of doped PAN. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Effect of the doping medium on blends of polyurethane and polyaniline

Flexible and free-standing films from blends of polyurethane, based on castor oil, and polyaniline were obtained with various compositions by casting. Significant increase on conductivity followed by a considerable decrease on doping time was obtained by doping the films in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution with p-toluene sulphonic acid (TSA) or HCl instead of the conventional doping in aqueous solution. This doping efficiency is proposed to be due to an improved swelling of the blend structure caused by the solvent. The electrical conductivity increases significantly upon polyaniline content increase reaching 10(-2) S/cm for a polyaniline content of about 10% (w/w).

A new route to obtain PVDF/PANI conducting blends

Electrically conductive poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) - polyaniline blends of different composition were synthesized by chemical polymerization of aniline in a mixture of PVDF and dimethylformamide (DMF) and studied by electrical conductivity measurement, UV-Vis-NIR and FTIR spectroscopy. The samples were obtained as flexible films by pressing the powder at 180 degrees C for 5 min. The electrical conductivity showed a great dependence on the syntheses parameters. The higher value of the electrical conductivity was obtained for the oxidant/aniline molar ratio equal to 1 and p-toluenesulfonic acid-TSA/aniline ratio between 3 and 6. UV-Vis-NIR and FTIR spectra of the blend are similar to the doped PANI, indicating that the PANI is responsible for the high electrical conductivity of the blend. The electrical conductivity of blend proved to be stable as a function of temperature decreasing about one order at temperature of 100 degrees C. The route used to obtain the polymer blend showed to be a suitable alternative in order to obtain PVDF/PANI-TSA blends with high electrical conductivity. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Compósitos de borracha natural com polianilina

Compósitos de borracha natural (Hevea brasiliensis)-BN/polianilina - PANI, com diferentes composições foram obtidos através da polimerização por emulsão do monômero anilina na presença da BN e do ácido dodecilbenzeno sulfônico (DBSA). Filmes finos e homogêneos foram obtidos por prensagem a quente. Os compósitos foram caracterizados por condutividade elétrica, FTIR, UV-vis-NIR, DSC e difração de raios X. Compósito com condutividade elétrica cerca de 14 ordens de grandeza maior que a BN foi obtido. Este alto valor de condutividade é atribuído à formação da PANI no estado dopado no compósito, que foi verificado através das técnicas de UV-vis-NIR e FTIR. Os resultados obtidos com a técnica de DSC e difratometria de raios X indicaram que os polímeros são imiscíveis e que a presença da borracha não altera significantemente a fase cristalina da PANI-DBSA no compósito.

Dielectric and impedance properties of Nd3/2Bi3/2Fe5O12 ceramics

The polycrystalline sample of Nd3/2Bi3/2Fe5O12 was prepared by a high- temperature solid-state reaction technique. Preliminary X-ray structural analysis exhibits the formation of a single-phase tetragonal structure at room temperature. Microstructural analysis by scanning electron microscopy shows that the sintered sample has well defined grains. These grains are distributed uniformly throughout the surface of the sample. Detailed studies of dielectric response at various frequencies and temperatures exhibit a dielectric anomaly at 400 A degrees C. The electrical properties (impedance, modulus and conductivity) of the material were studied using a complex impedance spectroscopy technique. These studies reveal a significant contribution of grain and grain boundary effects in the material. The frequency dependent plots of modulus and the impedance loss show that the conductivity relaxation is of non-Debye type. Studies of electrical conductivity with temperature demonstrate that the compound exhibits Arrhenius-type of electrical conductivity. Study of ac conductivity with frequency suggests that the material obeys Jonscher's universal power law.

Dielectric response features and oxygen migration on rare earth modified lead titanate ferroelectric ceramics

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Teste de condutividade elétrica na avaliação do vigor de sementes de rúcula

O trabalho teve por objetivo estudar metodologias para a condução do teste de condutividade elétrica, verificando sua eficiência na identificação de diferentes níveis de vigor de lotes de sementes de rúcula. Para tanto, o estudo foi conduzido utilizando cinco lotes de sementes de Rúcula Cultivada e cinco lotes de sementes de Rúcula Gigante. Foram realizados os testes de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, emergência de plântulas em casa de vegetação e variações no teste de condutividade elétrica (temperaturas de 20ºC, 25ºC e 30ºC; volumes de 25mL, 50mL e 75mL de água; 25 e 50 sementes; e períodos de 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 e 24 horas). Diante dos resultados obtidos, verificou-se que o tempo de embebição para o teste de condutividade elétrica pode ser reduzido para 4 horas e o volume de água utilizado pode ser reduzido para 25 ou 50mL. As combinações de 50 sementes apresentaram menor coeficiente de variação e as temperaturas mais adequadas foram de 25ºC e 30ºC. Assim, concluiu-se que a condição mais adequada para o teste de condutividade elétrica em sementes de rúcula é a utilização de 50 sementes em 50mL de água por 4 horas, a 25ºC.

Reguladores de crescimento e seus efeitos sobre a qualidade fisiológica de sementes e crescimento de plântulas de crotalária

Information regarding the use of growth regulators in sunn hemp is still scarce, especially on the physiologic quality of seeds and growth seedlings. In this aspect, product knowledge and application rate stands out as relevant factors in production of quality seeds. This work aimed to evaluated the effect of the foliar application of growth regulators (mepiquat chloride, etil-trinexapac and paclobutrazol) in different rates (0; 75; 150; 225 and 300 g ha(-1)), on the physiological quality of seeds and growth seedlings of Crotalaria juncea cultivated in no-tillage system. The treatments were disposed in randomized complete block design in factorial scheme 3 x 5 (regulators x rates of application), with four replications. The results were submitted to the variance analysis, with the growth regulators compared by Tukey test and the rates for polynomial regression. Not if recommended the application of mepiquat chloride in sunn hemp culture by reducing the potential of seeds germination and dry biomass of seedlings. The etil-trinexapac must be applied in rate of 300 g ha(-1), based on the reduction of moisture content and the electrical conductivity of seeds, the greater total length of seedlings and dry biomass of seedlings. The paclobutrazol must be applied in rate of 75 g ha(-1), considering the potential and speed of seeds germination.

Comportamento de sementes de cultivares de soja, submetidos a diferentes períodos de envelhecimento acelerado

Accelerated aging test is an important procedure to be used, beyond other aim, for breeding programs to select cultivars with storage and development potential under high relative humidity and temperature. At accelerated aging test in soybean seeds, the temperature and time of exhibition they were not still totally established, factors that cause divergence among the researchers, mainly with relationship to the most appropriate periods. The aim was to evaluate the behavior of soybean seeds submitted to accelerated aging test. Seeds of the varieties IAC-15, CAC-1, FT-Estrela and IAC-Foscarin 31 were submitted to germination test, electrical conductivity and accelerated aging (41 degrees C, during 44, 48, 52, 56, 60, 64, 68, 72 and 76 hours). There are differences among cultivars evaluated in relation to accelerated aging test sensibilility; the cultivars are sensibles to increasing the exposition time; the accelerated aging test can be used to select cultivars in breeding programs; the cultivar FT-Estrela can be sowed at regions with high temperature and humidity.

Efeito do período de envelhecimento acelerado no teste de condutividade elétrica e na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de feijão

The high quality of seed trading for producers is very important to obtain high productivity. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of different periods of artificial seed aging on contents of sugars, proteins, amino acids and ions, on imbibition solution of electrical conductivity test, as well as its relationships with standard germination and vigor in bean seeds at the Perola cultivar. The research was carried out at the Laboratory of Seed Analysis - Faculdade de Engenharia - Unesp - Campus de Ilha Solteira. The experimental design was in completely randomized blocks. The seeds were submitted to eight accelerated aging conditions (zero, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 and 168 hours). The seed germination, seed vigor and leakage contents in exudates of bulk conductivity were Influenced by the increase in the time of seed exposition to accelerated aging. After seventy-two hours of exposition to the aging, a considerable decline in seed germination and vigor was observed. There was also an increase of leakage contents, such as amino acids, sugars, potassium and phosphorus ions. The increase of leakage contents is inversely related to seeds germination and vigor.

Qualidade fisiológica de sementes e crescimento de plântulas de feijoeiro, em função de aplicações de paraquat em pré-colheita

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)