Fatigue and retention properties of Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 films using LaNiO3 bottom electrodes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Retention characteristics of lanthanum-doped bismuth titanate films annealed at different furnaces

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Thermal and spectroscopic data to investigate the oxamic acid, sodium oxamate and its compounds with some bivalent transition metal ions

Synthesis, characterization, and thermal behavior of transition metal oxamates, M(NH(2)C(2)O(3))(2)center dot nH(2)O (M = Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II)), as well as the thermal behavior of oxamic acid and its sodium salt (NaNH(2)C(2)O(3)) were investigated employing simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), experimental and theoretical infrared spectroscopy, TG-DSC coupled to FTIR, elemental analysis and complexometry. The results led to information about the composition, dehydration, thermal stability, thermal decomposition, as well as of the gaseous products evolved during the thermal decomposition of these compounds in dynamic air and N(2) atmospheres.

Rural property size drives patterns of upland and riparian forest retention in a tropical deforestation frontier

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Thermal behaviour of succinic acid, sodium succinate and its compounds with some bivalent transition metal ions

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Thermal behaviour of mandelic acid, sodium mandelate and its compounds with some bivalent transition metal ions

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Parâmetros bioquímicos sanguíneos, balanço de nitrogênio e metabolizabilidade da energia bruta em suínos alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes balanços eletrolíticos

The aim of this study was to evaluate different dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) on the blood biochemical parameters, nitrogen balances and crude metabolizable energy of swine in the initial phase. Sixteen barrows were used, averaging 27.95 kg of initial weight, allotted individually in metabolic cages in a randomized blocks design with four treatments (DEB of 160, 208, 257 and 305 mEq/kg) and 4 replicates. The blood biochemical parameters analyzed were chloride, potassium, sodium and urea in blood. Urine pH was also evaluated, and the parameters evaluated in nitrogen (N) balance were N intake, fecal N, N excreted in urine, absorbed N, N retention, retained N/absorbed N and total excretion of N. The gross energy digestibility and metabolizibility coefficients were determined, and the respectives values of digestible and metabolizable energy. The values of urinary pH increased (P < 0.01) linearly with increasing levels of DEB, ranging from 6.90 to 8.03. The results for chloride, potassium and nitrogen balances of variables and gross energy were similar (P > 0.05) between the evaluated DEB. A linear increase (P < 0.01) was also observed for sodium concentrations in blood serum due to the increase of DEB, with values of 2.91, 3.03, 3.27 and 3.18 g/l, respectively for the different treatments. Urea levels in blood serum increased linearly (P < 0.01), with values of 26.21, 28.64, 34.32 and 32.89 mg/dl. It was concluded that increasing the dietary electrolyte balance, from 160 to 305 mEq/kg resulted in higher concentrations of urea and sodium in blood serum, and higher pH values in the urine of swine in the initial phase.

Effects of the application of α1- and α2-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists into the ventromedial hypothalamus on the sodium and potassium renal excretion

The effects of sodium and potassium excretion after intrahypothalamic administration of two α-adrenoceptor agonists and the effect of α-adrenoceptor antagonists were studied in groups of rats. Prazosin was equally effective at blocking the natriuretic and kaliuretic responses to the α1-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine and the mixed α1/α2-adrenoceptor agonist noradrenaline, while yohimbine which acts preferentially on α2-adrenoceptors was effective in potentiating these responses. These results suggest the presence of two types of α-adrenoceptors for the modulation of ventromedial hypothalamic pathways that interfere with the regulation of the two cations: stimulation of α1-adrenoceptors facilitates, while stimulation of α2-adrenoceptors inhibits the excretion of the ions.

Effect of nicotinic stimulation of the amygdaloid complex on water and sodium chloride intake

We studied the nicotine stimulation of the amygdaloid complex (AMG) on sodium and water intake in satiated and water-deprived rats. Nicotine produced no change in sodium or water intake in satiated animals when injected directly into the AMG. In water-deprived animals, nicotine injected into the AMG (basolateral nuclei) only blocked sodium chloride intake. We have previously demontrated that carbachol inhibits water and sodium intake in both satiated and water-deprived animals injected into the AMG. Injection of hexamethonium into the AMG totally blocked water intake in satiated and water-deprived animals. Hexamethonium injected into the AMG prior to nicotine produced no change in sodium intake. Thus, the present data suggest that sodium and water intake are mediated by a specific population of cholinoceptive neurons in the amygdaloid complex.

Phonons in binary BCC lithium-sodium alloys

The dispersion relations along the principal symmetry directions in BCC lithium-sodium alloys are calculated using second-order perturbation theory. The local modified Hoshino-Youngmodel potential was used for the lithium and the local Harrison model potential for sodium. The phonon density of states, the root mean square displacements and (Θ-T) curves are also calculated. In the absence of experimental data, just the theoretical predictions are presented here.

Effects of intracerebroventricular injections of losartan or PD123319 on arterial pressure and heart rate of sodium replete and sodium deplete rats

Angiotensin II (Ang II) non-peptide antagonists were injected i.c.v. (6.25-200 nmol, n = 5-8 rats/group): In sodium replete rats, losartan (AT1 receptor antagonist) induced an increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and in heart rate (HR) by 3rd ventricular (3rdV) injection, and a weaker pressor response and bradycardia by 4th ventricular (4thV) injection. PD123319 (AT2 receptor antagonist) induced an increase in MAP and in HR by 3rdV injection, and an increase in MAP and no alteration in HR by 4thV injection. In sodium deplete (furosemide plus removal of ambient sodium for 24 h) rats, losartan induced an increase in MAP and no alteration in HR by 3rdV injection, and no alteration in MAP and bradycardia by 4thV injection. PD123319 induced an increase in MAP and in HR by 3rdV injection, and an increase in MAP and bradycardia by 4thV injection. Thus, there was no fall in MAP by central injections of Ang II antagonists. Intravenous injection of losartan, but not of PD123319, induced a fall in MAP in both sodium replete and sodium deplete animals. Therefore, losartan and PD123319 can have similar effects on MAP and HR when injected intracerebroventricularly, although some differences are also present. The bradycardia is consistent with an withdrawal of Ang II inhibitory action on baroreflex.

On a dual role for clonidine stimulation of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in sodium and potassium renal excretions of rats

The effects of clonidine on sodium and potassium excretions were examined after previous administration of prazosin (an α 1-adrenergic receptor antagonist) and yohimbine (an α 2-adrenergic receptor antagonist) into the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus of conscious rats. Clonidine injected into the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus induced inhibitory and facilitatory effects on the urinary sodium and potassium excretions. The results suggest that facilitatory effects of clonidine on natriuresis and kaliuresis are mediated through activation of α 1-adrenoceptors and that inhibitory effects require α(2A)-adrenoceptors.

Lanthanum-lithium-sodium double chromates as ionic conductors

Lanthanum-lithium-sodium double chromates Li1-xNaxLa(CrO4)2 were prepared and analysed by means of admittance spectroscopy. Their a.c. conductivity parameters are correlated with structural details of high and low temperature forms of pure lanthanum-lithium double chromates. Lithium compounds show the lowest conductivity values and the highest activation energy for ion motion, while the sample Li0.5Na0.5La(CrO4)2 exhibits the highest conductivity 10-5 S cm-1 and the lowest activation energy 0.58 eV.