Propagation of Camptosema grandiflorum native to Brazil by seeds and cuttings

Camptosema grandiflorum Benth., belonging to Fabaceae, is a voluble climber plant native to Brazil. Plants bloom in autumn-winter, producing long and hanging inflorescences with showy red flowers, which are much visited by hummingbirds. The leaves are also attractive, composed by three leaflets. It can be propagated by seeds or cuttings, but both seed germination and cutting rooting percentages are very low. Thus, the objective of this work was to study the effect of different temperatures on seed germination and of different indolebutyric acid (IBA) concentrations on the rooting of cuttings of C. grandiflorum. The experiment was set up at the São Paulo State University, located in Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, Brazil. The germination study was conducted in an entirely randomized design with six different temperatures (constant at 20, 25, 30 and 35°C; and alternated at 20-30 and 25-35°C, with a photoperiod of 12 hours) and four replications of 25 seeds each, placed in plastic boxes with vermiculite. The percentage of germination and the speed germination index (SGI) were evaluated. An entirely randomized block design was adopted for the cutting rooting evaluation, with four IBA concentrations (0; 1,000; 2,000; and 3,000 mg kg-1) and five replications of ten cuttings each, comprising 200 cuttings. After 30 days from the beginning of the rooting experiment, data referring to rooting percentage, number and length of roots and dry weight of roots were collected. For the seed germination experiment, fastest germination and highest germination percentage (87%) were obtained when seeds were maintained under the constant temperature of 30°C. For the cutting experiment, the concentrations of 2,000 and 3,000 mg kg-1 of IBA promoted the highest rooting percentages (98.5 and 94.1%, respectively) and number of roots. There were no statistical differences among the IBA concentrations for length of roots and dry weight of roots.

Chemical control of pathogens and the physiological performance of peanut seeds

The establishment of a peanut crop may be unsatisfactory due to poor seed performance in the field and among the factors attributed to this are a reduction in seed vigor during storage and the presence of pathogens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of treating peanut seeds with fungicides and the effect on physiological performance and disease control during storage. In a completely random experimental design, two seed batches of the Runner IAC 886 peanut cultivar were submitted to five fungicide treatments (1 control - untreated; 2 thiram; 3 carbendazim + thiram; 4 fludioxonil + metalaxyl-m; 5 fludioxonil + mefenoxam + thiabendazole) and evaluated after zero, 30 and 60 days of storage. The seeds were stored untreated but treated before the evaluation of physiological performance from germination, vigor (first germination count and accelerated aging), field seedling emergence and seed sanitation tests. The results showed differences in batch performance potential during storage, with batch 1 being superior. The sanitation test showed that all the chemical seed treatments controlled pathogens efficiently (Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium sp.), but only thiram did not affect peanut seed performance in the laboratory evaluations.

Stability and collapse of fermions in a binary dipolar boson-fermion 164Dy-161Dy mixture

We suggest a time-dependent mean-field hydrodynamic model for a binary dipolar boson-fermion mixture to study the stability and collapse of fermions in the 164Dy-161Dy mixture. The condition of stability of the dipolar mixture is illustrated in terms of phase diagrams. A collapse is induced in a disk-shaped stable binary mixture by jumping the interspecies contact interaction from repulsive to attractive by the Feshbach resonance technique. The subsequent dynamics is studied by solving the time-dependent mean-field model including three-body loss due to molecule formation in boson-fermion and boson-boson channels. Collapse and fragmentation in the fermions after subsequent explosions are illustrated. The anisotropic dipolar interaction leads to anisotropic fermionic density distribution during collapse. This study is carried out in three-dimensional space using realistic values of dipolar and contact interactions. © 2013 American Physical Society.

Otimização vetorial e técnicas de mistura de herbicidas aplicadas ao controle de plantas daninhas

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Germinação de sementes de Passiflora setacea DC: temperatura, luz e reguladores vegetais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Dietas e conteúdo alimentar de alguns Carabidae (Coleoptera) observados na região nordeste do Estado de São Paulo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Cruzamentos entre linhagens tropicais de milho doce e testadores com introgressão de germoplasma temperado

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Avaliação da sensibilidade in vitro de isolados de Colletotrichum lindemuthianum a fungicidas

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeito do tratamento químico na qualidade sanitária e fisiológica de sementes de soja infectadas por Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Proteção de Plantas) - FCA

Germinação de sementes, adubação e níveis de sombreamento no desenvolvimento de mudas de jatobá (Hymeneae courbaril L. var. Stilbocarpa)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Uso do efeito xênia em híbridos comerciais de milho (Zea mays L.)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Influência dos dopantes potássio e lítio na cerâmica relaxora niobato de chumbo e magnésio (PMN)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Resistência de progênies de Stylosanthes capitata e S. macrocephala à antracnose causada por Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Proteção de Plantas) - FCA

Influence of spray mixture volume and flight height on herbicide deposition in aerial applications on pastures

The objective of the present study was to analyze the influence of spray mixture volume and flight height on herbicide deposition in aerial applications on pastures. The experimental plots were arranged in a pasture area in the district of Porto Esperidião (Mato Grosso, Brazil). In all of the treatments, the applications contained the herbicides aminopyralid and fluroxypyr (Dominum) at the dose of 2.5 L c.p. ha-1, including the adjuvant mineral oil (Joint Oil) at the dose of 1.0 L and a tracer to determine the deposition by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (rhodamine at a concentration of 0.6%). The experiment consisted of nine treatments that comprised the combinations of three spray volumes (20, 30 and 50 L ha-1) and three flight heights (10, 30 and 40 m). The results showed that, on average, there was a tendency for larger deposits for the smallest flight heights, with a significant difference between the heights of 10 and 40 m. There was no significant difference among the deposits obtained with the different spray mixture volumes.

Alternative methods for detecting soybean seeds genetically modified for resistance to herbicide glyphosate

The objective of this study was to verify application of two methodologies: substrate moistened with herbicide solution (SM) and immersion of seeds in herbicide solution (IH) for detecting soybean seeds genetically modified. For this, non-transgenic and transgenic soybean seeds, harvested in the 2008/2009 crop seasons were used. The treatments with substrate moistened were: SM1) 0.03% herbicide solution, at 25 ºC, with evaluation in the sixth day (hs -0.03% -25 ºC, 6th d); SM2) HS -0.03% -35 ºC, 5th d; SM3) HS -0.03% - 40 ºC, 5th d; and SM4) hs -0.06% -5 ºC, 5th d. In the methodology of immersion of seeds the following treatments were performed: IH1) seed immersion in a 0.6% herbicide solution, at 25 ºC, for 1 h, (si -0.06% -25 ºC, 1 h; IH2) si -0.06% - 35 ºC, 30 min.; IH3) si -0.06% -40 ºC, 30 min.; IH4) si -0.12% -35 ºC, 30 min.; and IH5) si -0.12% -40 ºC, 30 min. Bioassays allow detecting soybean seeds tolerant to glyphosate herbicide within five days. The seeds of non-genetically modified and genetically modified soybean cultivars may be easily distinguished through the treatments SM2 and SM4 of the moistened substrate methodology; and treatments IH3, IH4, and IH5 of seed immersion methodology. Both methodologies are easily feasible, practical, and applicable in seed analysis laboratories, once do not require special equipments.