Produção in vitro de metano, dióxido de carbono e oxigênio utilizando líquido ruminal de bovinos alimentados com diferentes rações

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Parâmetros ruminais e produtivos de cabras alimentadas com cana-de-acúcar e ou silagem de milho

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Fontes lipídicas na alimentação de ovinos confinados

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Avaliação das características do líquido ruminal, hemogasometria, atividade pedométrica e diagnóstico de laminite subclínica em vacas leiteiras

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the characteristics of ruminal fluid, blood gas analysis, pedometer activity and suclinical laminitis occurrence, through the presence of secondary foot diseases in high production dairy cows, from a commercial herd. 200 Holstein cows originating from the same farm, located in Araçatuba/SP, Brazil, were divided into four groups, which are established from the daily milk production. Initially clinical examination of the cows was procedure, followed by sampling of rumen fluid, by esophageal tube. Fluid was evaluated for pH, color, odor, consistency, sedimentation, flotation and methylene blue reduction test. Venous blood samples were also collected for blood gas analysis, in addition to collecting data from pedometrics (number of steps) and daily milk production. Data were tabulated and submitted to correlation analysis. No animal had reported changes in rumen pH. Non-acid base imbalance were found, since the values of blood pH, PCO2, TCO2, HCO3- and BE were normal during hemogasimetric analysis. The pedometric was effective as a screening method to cows with foot diseases. It demonstrated reduction in the number of steps due to pain, correlated with lower milk production. However, the identification of foot lesions was only possible through specific digital clinical examination. The occurrence of 49.5 % of herd foot problems was due to the risk factors present in the farm. The abrasive concrete and inadequate facilities, also associated with the possible occurrence of sub-acute ruminal acidosis, were observed as risk factors. However, sub-acute ruminal acidosis was undiagnosed by the methods used. The correlation between the values of ruminal pH, and blood gas analysis pedometrics showed efficient for the early diagnosis of foot diseases and also in establishing the etiology of these diseases. Subclinical laminitis occurred primarily in cow's herd, considering the multifactorial etiology of this disease, occurrence and distribution of foot diseases diagnosed.

Halotolerance, ligninase production and herbicide degradation ability of basidiomycetes strains

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Potencial de produção de gás metano e dióxido de carbono in vitro dos ingredientes utilizados em dietas para ovinos

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of CH4 and CO2 in vitro production of soybean hulls, sunflower meal, corn, citrus pulp and corn silage. Four rumen-cannulated sheep were fed diets containing the evaluated ingredients at 40:60 forage:concentrate ratio. The gases produced by samples incubation were measured by injection into a gas chromatograph equipped with flame ionization detector. The experimental design was completely randomized with repeated measures, with three replicates for each evaluated food at four different periods. Under the experimental conditions, we verified different potential gas production among the ingredients. The citrus pulp meal was the ingredient with the greatest potential for CO2production. Corn silage and soybean hulls showed the greatest potential while citrus pulp and sunflower meal showed the least potential for CH4 production, when expressed in mL/g of degraded dry matter; therefore, they can be considered, among the evaluated ingredients, those with the lowest environmental impact.

Degradation, residual determination, and cholinesterase activity of triclorfon in Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg (Pacu) 1887

The aim of this study was to determine the no-observable-adverse-effect concentration (NOAEC) for trichlorfon, an antiparasitic agent used in aquaculture, in Piractus mesopotamicus (pacu) using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity as an end point. Fish were exposed 24 h/d for 15 d to different concentrations of trichlorfon in tanks of water for which a curve of dissipation was previously determined. Analysis of trichlorfon in water and fish plasma using gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD) enabled measurement of limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ), respectively, to be 3 and 10 ppb. Thirty-six hours after trichlorfon dilution in water, the concentration was below the LOD, and data showed that plasma concentrations did not exceed the LOQ. Apart from the 6.25 g/L, all concentrations of trichlorfon significantly inhibited plasma and brain AChE activity compared to controls. The AChE activity levels returned to control values in 7 d. These data may be useful to determine the concentration of trichlorfon that destroys parasites without producing adverse effects in fish.

Color degradation of acrylic resin denture teeth as a function of liquid diet: ultraviolet-visible reflection analysis

The effect of different beverages on acrylic resin denture teeth color degradation is evaluated. Ten acrylic resin denture teeth brands were evaluated: Art Plus (AP), Biolux (BX), Biotone IPN (BI), Magister (MG), Mondial 6 (MD), Premium 6 (PR), SR Vivodent PE (SR), Trilux (TR), Trubyte Biotone (TB), and Vipi Dent Plus (VP). Teeth were immersed in staining solutions (coffee, cola, and orange juice) or artificial saliva (control) (n = 6) for 1, 7, 15, or 30 days. Specimen colors were evaluated spectrophotometrically based on the Commission Internationale d'Eclairage L*a*b* system. Color differences (Delta E) were calculated between the baseline and post-staining results. Data were evaluated by analysis of variance and Tukey test (alpha = 0.05). BI (1.82 +/- 0.95) and TR (1.78 +/- 0.72) teeth exhibited the greatest Delta E values, while BX (0.88 +/- 0.43) and MD (1.09 +/- 0.44) teeth were the lowest, regardless of solution and measurement period, and were different from BI and TR teeth (P < 0.05). Cola and coffee promoted higher denture teeth color alterations than orange juice and saliva (P < 0.05). Saliva generated the lowest denture teeth color alterations. Greater immersion times caused higher denture teeth color changes. The lifespan of removable dentures and the aesthetic satisfaction of several edentulous patients may be increased with the use of stain-resistant artificial denture teeth. (C) The Authors.

Implications of Surface and Bulk Properties of Abutment Implants and Their Degradation in the Health of Periodontal Tissue

The aim of the current review was to investigate the implications of the surface and bulk properties of abutment implants and their degradation in relation to periodontal health. The success of dental implants is no longer a challenge for dentistry. The scientific literature presents several types of implants that are specific for each case. However, in cases of prosthetics components, such as abutments, further research is needed to improve the materials used to avoid bacterial adhesion and enhance contact with epithelial cells. The implanted surfaces of the abutments are composed of chemical elements that may degrade under different temperatures or be damaged by the forces applied onto them. This study showed that the resulting release of such chemical elements could cause inflammation in the periodontal tissue. At the same time, the surface characteristics can be altered, thus favoring biofilm development and further increasing the inflammation. Finally, if not treated, this inflammation can cause the loss of the implant.

Low-temperature degradation of a Y-TZP ceramic after surface treatments

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of zirconia surface treatments on low-temperature degradation (LTD). Disc-shaped specimens were subjected to one of four surface treatments, denoted as C (controlno surface treatment), Si (air abrasion with 30 mu m silica-modified alumina particles), Al (air abrasion with 30 mu m alumina particles), and Gr (grinding with 120 grit diamond discs). Half of the samples were submitted to autoclave treatment for 12 h (127 degrees C, 1.5 bar). Samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction and profilometer analysis and were subjected to biaxial flexural strength test. All of the groups exhibited an increase in the amount of monoclinic phase (m-phase) after LTD. The tm transformation was remarkable for the specimens from the C group, which also exhibited a significant increase in strength. The Gr group also exhibited an increase in strength but lower initial roughness, which probably suppressed LTD on the zirconia surface. The specimens subjected to air abrasion exhibited higher initial amounts of m-phase and a small increase in m-phase after LTD; the strength was not affected in these groups. The effects of LTD were different with each surface treatment applied. Apparently, LTD may be suppressed by smoother surfaces or the presence of an initial amount of m-phase on zirconia surface. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 101B: 1387-1392, 2013.

Assessment of the breakdown products of solar/UV induced photolytic degradation of food dye tartrazine

The food dye tartrazine (CI 19140) was exposed to UV irradiation from an artificial source, a mercury vapor lamp, and a natural one, sunlight. It was observed that conditions such as energy dose, irradiation time, pH and initial dye concentration affected its discoloration. There was 100% of color removal, after 30 min of irradiation, when a dye solution 1 x 10(-5) mol L-1 was submitted to an energy dose of 37.8 J cm(-2). Liquid Chromatography coupled to Diode Array Detection and Mass Spectrometry confirmed the cleavage of the chromophore group and the formation of five by-products at low concentration. Although by-products were formed, the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay performed for both, the dye solution at a dose of 5.34 mg/plate and the solutions obtained after exposure to UV irradiation, did not present mutagenic activity for TA98 and TA100 with and without S9. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Enhanced photoabsorption properties of composites of Ti/TiO2 nanotubes decorated by Sb2S3 and improvement of degradation of hair dye

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Stability-indicating thin-layer chromatographic method for determination of darunavir in complex darunavir-beta-cyclodextrin in the presence of its degradation products

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Benzoxazine Resin/Carbon Nanotube Nanostructured Composite's Degradation Kinetic

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Nonoxidative thermal degradation kinetic of polyamide 6,6 reinforced with carbon nanotubes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)