Different intensities of exercise (swimming) applied to pregnant rats: maternal and fetal outcomes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of moderate intensity exercise on the reproductive performance of diabetic rats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Increased il-1 β production in placental villous subjected to hyperglycemic conditions

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Intrauterine growth restricted rats exercised at pregnancy: maternal-fetal repercussions

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Oxidative stress and nuclear dna damage in hyperglycemic pregnancies

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Oxidative stress markers in blood and liver from diabetic dams and their offsprings

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Serum and placental plgf expression in women with different levels of hyperglycemia

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Oxidative dtress status and placental implications in diabetic rats undergoing swimming exercise after embryonic implantation

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

IRS-1 gene polymorphism and DNA damage in pregnant women with diabetes or mild gestational hyperglycemia

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Morphological analysis of the pancreatic beta cells of diabetic female rats at different ages of life

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Interleukin 10 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in pregnancy: aspects of interest in clinical obstetrics

The purpose of this study was to review the literature regarding the action of the cytokines interleukin 10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in pregnancy and to emphasize the factors that are of interest to clinical obstetrics. The literature highlights several actions of IL-10 and TNF-α during pregnancy. The actions of these cytokines seem to be antagonistic and dependent on the balance between them, which is orchestrated by the specific immunosuppressive action of IL-10. TNF-α has a characteristic inflammatory action, and it is an additional diabetogenic factor in pregnancy. The loss of the control of the production of these cytokines, with increase of TNF-α, is related to the risk for developing obstetric complications, particularly recurrent fetal loss, gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertensive syndromes, and fetal growth restriction. However, study results are controversial and are not clearly defined. These issues are attributed to the heterogeneity of the studies, particularly regarding their sample sizes and sources, the evaluation methods, and the multiplicity of factors and conditions that influence cytokine production. These questions are fundamental and should be addressed in future investigations to obtain more consistent results that can be applied to obstetric practice.

Intrauterine growth restricted rats exercised before and during pregnancy: maternal and perinatal repercussions

This study aimed at evaluating the effect of swimming before and during pregnancy on rats born with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and their offspring. For this, nondiabetic and streptozotocin-induced severely diabetic (SD) pregnant rats were mated and generated offspring with appropriate (control, C) and small (IUGR) for pregnancy age, respectively. Following that, C and IUGR groups were further distributed into nonexercised control (C), exercised control (Cex), nonexercised IUGR (IUGR), and exercised IUGR (IUGRex). IUGR rats presented lower mating rate than control rats. Regardless of physical exercise IUGR rats presented decreased body weight from birth to lactation. At 90 days of life, IUGR rats presented glucose intolerance. Maternal organ weights were increased and relative adiposity of IUGRex rats was lower than Cex. IUGR and IUGRex offspring presented reduced body weight than C and Cex, respectively. IUGRex dams presented an increased rate of appropriate for pregnancy age newborns. IUGEex male and female offspring relative brain weight was increased compared with Cex. Therefore, swimming before and during pregnancy prevented glucose intolerance, reduced general adiposity, and increased maternal and offspring organ weight in rats, showing the benefit of physical exercise for IUGR rats.

Increased DNA damage is related to maternal blood glucose levels in the offspring of women with diabetes and mild gestational hyperglycemia

This study aimed at correlating maternal blood glucose levels with DNA damage levels in the offspring of women with diabetes or mild gestational hyperglycemia (MGH). Based on oral glucose tolerance test results and glycemic profiles, 56 pregnant women were allocated into 3 groups: nondiabetes, MGH, and diabetes. The offspring of these women (56 infants) were also evaluated. Maternal peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood samples were collected and processed for biochemical and DNA damage analysis by the comet assay. A positive correlation between maternal blood glucose mean and increased offspring DNA damage levels was observed. Hyperglycemia played a role in offspring DNA damage, but other diabetes-induced complications were also involved. Increased maternal blood glucose levels can lead to increased offspring DNA damage levels. Therefore, the monitoring, control, and treatment of pregnant women with diabetes and MGH are highly important to ensure a risk-free pregnancy and healthy infants.