Entraves espaciais: brownfields caracterizados por aterros de resíduos sólidos urbanos desativados no município de São Paulo - SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeito de fontes de matéria orgânica sobre a ferrugem em mudas de cafeeiro

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Prevenção de problemas de comportamento em crianças pré-escolares: intervenção envolvendo múltiplos agentes

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS ASSOCIADOS A DESMONTE DE ROCHA COM USO DE EXPLOSIVOS

A exploração de maciços rochosos com uso de explosivos provoca inevitáveis impactos ambientais e desconforto para as populações do entorno, as quais estão expostas cotidianamente aos seus efeitos. Os principais efeitos ambientais se fazem sentir através do ultralançamento de fragmentos, da geração de vibrações no terreno, de sobrepressão atmosférica, da emissão de materiais particulados (poeira) na atmosfera, do aumento dos níveis de ruído, do assoreamento de áreas e/ou de drenagens adjacentes às minerações, além da alteração visual e paisagística. Esses problemas podem ser reduzidos a um nível aceitável pela comunidade afetada, se a lavra for executada de modo a preservar as condições de saúde, segurança e bem estar da população afetada, adotando-se técnicas modernas de extração e beneficiamento, e pelo monitoramento continuado dos parâmetros ambientais envolvidos, mantendo-os, no mínimo, dentro dos limites estabelecidos pelos organismos governamentais fiscalizadores.

Análise das centrais de triagem do programa de coleta seletiva da cidade de São Paulo - SP

Among numerous studies about the selective collection of solid waste and cooperatives of recyclable materials, this research aims to contribute with the study of these problems from the geographic space. As the world population increases, the issue of solid waste becomes increasingly worrying, due to new consumption patterns that create larger amounts of waste, especially in the urban centers. The recycling appears to be the best solution for this problem since most materials that are currently sent to landfills would become raw material for new products. The Triage Centers performs an important role in this process because they are responsible for sorting, packing and selling the materials arising from the selective collect, so it is necessary to analyze the places where these steps are performed. This study intend to examine the location and distribution of these enterprises in the city of São Paulo in order to provide support for the mitigation of impacts, both environmental and social, from their location, as well as provide support for the expansion of selective collection program in the city. The choice for studying this area was due to the curiosity of investigating the inefficiency of the recycling program in the city of São Paulo, which currently recycles about 1% of all household solid waste collected. Therefore, from a historical survey of the city's recycling programs, technical visits, interviews with responsible agencies and also analysis of the Triage Center's frameworks based on the guidelines from the municipal legislation, it will be evaluated the problems faced by the program for its expansion

Bioma cerrado: um estudo de valoração e conservação da biodiversidade e dos recursos naturais

The region of the biome Cerrado is under threat due to the replacement of their native areas for expansion of agriculture and livestock. This occupation is responsible for the loss of about 50% of two million square kilometers of original native savannah. The land use, without control or zoning, has caused serious damage to natural resources of this biome, considered as an international hotspot area. As a result, some problems caused by ecological imbalances already topping the urban and rural environments, such as species extinction, water scarcity and desertification. Any occupation in this biome should be evaluated with caution, because this region, besides being considered one of the most productive of Brazil, is also rich in biodiversity and water resources. The understanding of the importance of the Cerrado biome and its remaining areas, allows the preparation of detailed studies of environmental valuation, which is essential for the development of conservation policies, avoiding even greater environmental impacts. To meet the growing demand for food, you can increase productivity through agroforestry, for example, and to preserve the remaining areas, you can create new protected areas and tailor existing units

Dificuldades e/ou problemas de aprendizagem: concepções e práticas docentes

It is known that some children fail to learn in school and among them are those that present difficulties and / or learning problems. At this difficulty and / or problems are attributed to various causes neurological problems, environmental or both. The areas most likely to be affected are: reading, writing and mathematics. This situation happens frequently in the daily life of schools and teachers should be prepared to work with diversity and enable the development of all, this includes having this particular part of the school population has a significant learning and an appropriate social relationship. It is therefore aim of this study, to investigate the conceptions of teachers in relation to the theme and possible practices of those in public elementary schools in Bauru city, a medium-sized city in the state of Sao Paulo, with those children who can not learn. Because it is a fact that often occurs in schools, it is necessary to investigate how teachers are working with these students since the school should ensure quality education for all and pedagogical efficiency. To obtain the data we used a questionnaire with multiple choice and essay questions, this tool was applied to a municipal school. It was noted that there is confusion between the terms learning difficulties and problems which affect the performance of teachers with these students and the working conditions of educators hinder their practices

Condições mínimas para o encerramento de áreas que abrigaram resíduos sólidos domiciliares

In 2010 Brazil produced about 60.8 million of municipal solid waste, an amount 6.8% higher than in 2009 and six times the rate of urban population growth recorded in the same period. According to a study by the Brazilian Association of Companies of Special Wasteand Public Cleansing (Abrelpe), the average waste generated per person in the same period the country was 378 Kilograms, an amount 5.3% higher to 2009 (359 Kg). The total reached 60.8 milion tons of waste, 6.5 million tons were collected and not end up inrivers, streams and vacant lots. Of this total production, 42.4% or 22.9 million Tons, did not receive proper destination and destiny had dumps and landfills. The data show that the country is in upward trend in waste generation, but did not advance the appropriate destination at the same pace. The waste thus throw open cause public helth problems, such as proliferation of disease vectors (flies, mosquitoes, cockroaches, rats, and others). Generation of odors and especially the pollution of soil, surface water and groundwater through slurry ( liquid black, smelly and high pollution potential produced by the decomposition of organic matter contained in waste), affecting the water. This Study shows the popper closure of the areas, wich long has been degrading our natural resources, not to cause damage to nature and therefore society

Análise de ocorrências dos impactos pluviais na área urbana de Rio Claro (SP)

The Urbanization is a notable process in our society, being part of it since around 3500 BC in Mesopotamia, currently Iraq area. Since the Industrial Revolution, cities had a significant increase in their growth and began to concentrate increasingly labor and capital. Brazil, despite having had a late industrialization, also had a high population growth in cities, especially in the XVIII century, which were not provided with any kind of planning that targets the ordering and implementation of the urban essential apparatus. Therefore, Brazilian cities started to exhibit countless structural and environmental problems. Associated with inadequate infrastructure, the modifications in the urban atmosphere, like increased heat, air pollution and increased rainfall and storm frequency, cause different types of impacts in cities. Among the most worrisome are those from the intense rain, which cause human and material damage. The city of Rio Claro (SP) can be considered an example of this reality. Thereby, the objective of this study was to analyze the impacts on the population originated from rainfall in the urban area during the period 2005-2010, by the mapping of events and analysis of the active atmospheric systems. The information of the events were collected in the Fire Department and the Press and the synoptic maps were obtained in the library of INPE, in Cachoeira Paulista (SP) and in the site of the Navy of Brazil. The data showed that among 247 occurrences, during the six years, 233 occurred in the spring-summer period. Moreover, after finalizing the maps, it was found the locations considered critical regarding the frequency of occurrences, as: Visconde do Rio Claro Avenue and central area of the city, both with a total of 23 occurrences; Jardim Inocoop, with 20; Tancredo Neves Avenue, with 12 and Vila Paulista, with 10 occurrences. Through the graphs, it was found that the most recurrent atmospheric system, during the studied period, is...

Impactos pluviais na cidade de Presidente Prudente-SP

Os eventos extremos pluviométricos quando ocorrem em cidades sem um prévio planejamento capaz de suportar tais episódios, trazem certo desconforto para a população e seu habitual modo de vida. Os impactos registrados nos ambientes urbanos estão associados, na maioria das vezes, à inadequação do uso e ocupação do solo urbano. Assim, através deste estudo buscou-se analisar os impactos deflagrados por eventos de precipitação na cidade de Presidente Prudente, baseando-se principalmente no referencial teórico-metodológico Sistema Clima Urbano, em especial, no Subsistema Hidrodinâmico, proposto por Monteiro (1976). Assim, procurou-se analisar os transtornos que ocorreram na dinâmica socioambiental da cidade durante os eventos de precipitação mais expressivos. Para isto foram analisados os dados quantitativos da Estação Meteorológica da FCT/UNESP de Presidente Prudente e também dados qualitativos por meio dos registros dos jornais da cidade. Para as análises quantitativas foram utilizados os dados da estação meteorológica do período de 1969 a 2009, e para as análises qualitativas foi considerado este mesmo período. Através desse estudo, foi possível conhecer e estudar a distribuição espacial dos problemas sociais e ambientais deflagrados pela precipitação no ambiente urbano de Presidente Prudente e também entender a dinâmica desses impactos. Portanto, com este estudo pretende-se contribuir com os órgãos públicos de gestão urbana para que eles possam tomar medidas preventivas para diminuir os impactos em época de chuvas intensas, visando assim, à melhoria da qualidade de vida

Quintais urbanos

Neste projeto criou-se pequenos espaços localizados na região central de Bauru [Calçadão na Rua Batista de Carvalho], propondo um design estruturado nas condições ambientais, morfológicas e valorizando edificações históricas. Pretendeu-se introduzir uma linguagem formal diversificada. Esta proposta de renovação urbana da área implica em uma reestruturação urbana de maior amplitude, sendo apenas um item dos vários necessários para a transformação da área. O sistema de mudanças envolve a inclusão de habitação nos prédios ociosos e/ou degradados através de políticas públicas. Para a proposição, foram selecionados - para a demolição - lotes desprovidos de valor histórico-arquitetônico e de menor valor comercial (geralmente de um pavimento). Pretendeu-se transformá-los em quintais para a nova população residente e para os citadinos que usufruem a área no seu cotidiano. Os materiais e métodos usados para a elaboração do projeto foram: fotografias, fotos aéreas, teses de graduação e mestrado, fotos de satélites, imagens antigas, bem como o levantamento “in loco”. Assim, o corredor comercial em questão será (re)1qualificado a partir da implantação do projeto com destaque ao tratamento paisagístico, voltado à integração da área, a criação de uma unidade paisagística e a imagem da região em questão

Análise geomorfológica e de impactos ambientais da microbacia do Córrego Wenzel - Rio Claro/SP

This study aimed to survey and analyze the geomorphological aspects of watershed stream Wenzel in Rio Claro, as well as anthropogenic incidents about which he eventually causing serious environmental impacts. All these changes in the natural environment are generated from the constant development of the urban environment, which ends up leaving aside factors relevant to the natural order and that over time they become problems to humans. As various forms of environmental degradation occurring on some form of relief, geomorphology can make a major contribution in this field, since the analysis of the hydrographic network can lead to understanding and explanation of numerous geomorphological issues because the waterways are process morphogenetic the most active in the terrestrial landscape sculpture. The research with a systems approach and vision interrelated aspects in question may even serve as a basis for practical planning and urban management, in addition to detailed study of the area, which is of paramount importance to the local society

A influência de variáveis ambientais na distribuição e abundância de Brachycephalus ephippium na Serra do Japi, Jundiaí, São Paulo

The Atlantic forest has a large number of endemic species due to the varieties of environments, altitudes, and climates found along its distribution. The species Brachycephalus ephippium is an example of endemic anuran from this forest formation, occurring in the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais, between 750 and 1200 m altitude. This species is abundant in the Serra do Japi, an Atlantic Forest remnant, which houses high biodiversity, located in Jundiaí city, between three big urban centers in the state of São Paulo. This remnant, which has altitude ranging between 700 and 1300 meters, is threatened by global climate changes and, spite of legally protected, by intense pressure of urbanization. The aim of the present study was to verify the association between of environmental variables with the abundance and distribution of B. ephippium in the Serra do Japi. The air relative humidity showed a positive correlation with the presence of B. ephippium individuals and the best model to explain the abundance involved air relative temperature and litter temperature. These results allowed the investigation of the environment use by this species and can be used to provide conservationist actions

Impactos ambientais decorrentes do processo de urbanização nas cabeceiras de drenagem do Córrego da Onça no município de Presidente Prudente – SP

O presente estudo tem por finalidade identificar os impactos ambientais decorrentes do processo de urbanização nas áreas das cabeceiras de drenagem do Córrego da Onça. O córrego em questão é um dos principais afluentes do Ribeirão Mandaguari e drena uma grande área do município de Presidente Prudente. A identificação dos impactos ambientais decorrentes da ocupação das áreas das cabeceiras de drenagem do Córrego da Onça foi baseada na análise da paisagem. Esta foi realizada a partir da inter-relação entre os aspectos históricos, urbanos e geomorfológicos. Para tanto, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico do processo de urbanização da cidade, através do qual se pôde compreender a forma como se deu a ocupação dessas áreas. Foram analisadas as características da paisagem local bem como as formas de uso e ocupação atuais do solo através de coleta de dados e informações em trabalhos acadêmicos, publicações, mapas e trabalhos de campo. No final do trabalho identificaram-se impactos ambientais decorrentes das formas de uso e ocupação do solo bem como da forma como se deu a implantação dos loteamentos

Aplicação de coagulantes naturais no tratamento de lixiviado de resíduos urbanos

With the constant increase in the municipal solid waste (MSW) generation, mainly due to the high consumption patterns, it becomes difficult to manage correctly the solid waste and thus minimize their impact on the environment. One of the most problems of the large amount of waste generated is the liquid originated from physical, chemical and biological decomposition process of organic wastes, with dark color and bad smell, called leachate: it can reach the soil, polluting the groundwater and the surface water. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the process of coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation applied in the treatment of the leachate generated in the not controlled landfill of Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)