Chemopreventive effects of mate against mouse mammary and colon carcinogenesis

The present study evaluated the chemopreventive potential of mate tea-like intake on mammary and colon carcinogenesis initiated by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)antracene (DMBA) and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in female Swiss mice. After the initiation period, the animals received basal diet and organic mate tea-like, conventional mate tea-like, or green tea (positive control) at 2.0% as the drinking fluid during 15 weeks. At week 20, colon and mammary gland were analyzed for preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions development. Colon and mammary gland complexes were processed for cell proliferation analysis, estimated by proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index (PCNA-LI%). Specially, organic mate tea-like reduced the values of PCNA-LI% in colonic crypts (p < .003) and in mammary glands (p < .05) in DMBA/DMH-initiated groups. A lower incidence of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in colon (p = .03) and of hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions in mammary gland (p < .05 and p < .02, respectively) was observed in DMBA/DMH-initiated groups treated with organic mate tea-like. These results suggest that post-initiation treatment with organic mate tea-like inhibited the development of colon and mammary carcinogenesis in a two-step medium-term mouse carcinogenesis model.

Inhibition of diethylnitrosamine-initiated alcohol-promoted hepatic inflammation and precancerous lesions by flavonoid luteolin is associated with increased sirtuin 1 activity in mice

Chronic and excessive alcohol consumption is an established risk for hepatic inflammation and carcinogenesis. Luteolin is one of the most common flavonoids present in plants and has potential beneficial effects against cancer. In this study, we examined the effect and potential mechanisms of luteolin supplementation in a carcinogen initiated alcohol-promoted pre-neoplastic liver lesion mouse model. C57BL/6 mice were injected with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) [i.p. 25 mg/kg of body weight (BW)] at 14 days of age. At 8 weeks of age mice were group pair-fed with Lieber-DeCarli liquid control diet or alcoholic diet [ethanol (EtOH) diet, 27% total energy from ethanol] and supplemented with a dose of 30 mg luteolin/kg BW per day for 21 days. DEN-injected mice fed EtOH diet displayed a significant induction of pre-neoplastic lesions, a marker associated with presence of steatosis and inflammation. Dietary luteolin significantly reduced the severity and incidence of hepatic inflammatory foci and steatosis in DEN-injected mice fed EtOH diet, as well the presence of preneoplastic lesions. There was no difference on hepatic protein levels of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) among all groups; however, luteolin supplementation significantly reversed alcohol-reduced SIRT1 activity assessed by the ratio of acetylated and total forkhead box protein O1 (FoXO1) and SIRT1 target proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α). Dietary intake of luteolin prevents alcohol promoted pre-neoplastic lesions, potentially mediated by SIRT1 signaling pathway.

Apoptose no carcinoma de próstata

Pós-graduação em Patologia - FMB

Estudo neuroanatômico do éncefalo bovino por ressonância magnética

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Cholangiocarcinoma in an American Rhea (Rhea Americana araneipes)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análise das células tronco tumorais em neoplasias mamárias de cães

Mammary tumors are the most frequent cancers in dogs, representing about 50% of tumors, and have a higher incidence in females of middle aged and elderly. These tumors have been used as a model for breast cancer in women due to several common characteristics such as histological and immunohistochemical similarities. In the last decade, studies based on molecular profiles of breast cancer, made possible the identification of some neoplastic cells with characteristics of stem cells - cancer stem cells (CSC). One of the putative molecules of CSCs is CD44. Recent studies have established a crucial link between the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the acquisition of molecular and functional properties of stem cells. For that reason we analyzed the expression of proteins CD44, Cytokeratins AE1/AE3 and Vimentin, in dogs mammary tumors, to investigate the potencial for CSC markers, and its relation with the EMT using immunohistochemistry in paraffin embedded tissues making use of techniques such as Tissue MicroArrays (TMA). Immunostaining of cytokeratin had no significant difference between benign and malignant tumors (p ≥ 0,05), being more intense in malignant tumors. However vimentina showed higher staining intensity in benign tumors, but with no significant difference (p ≤ 0,05). The expression of CD44 was higher in malignant tumors that have greater proliferative and metastatic potencial, however its relation with EMT was not detected in the analyzed tumors. The techniques applied for the TMAs were efficient and can be used in routine and later researches.

Leishmania sp. amastigotes identification in canine transmissible venereal tumor

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease with Leishmania chagasi being the etiological agent of canine visceral leishmaniasis in South America. Canine venereal tumor is a transplantable round cell tumor of histiocytic origin which is mostly observed in sexually active male and female intact dogs. It has been shown that Leishmania amastigotes have higher tropism for the canine male genital tract tissues and venereal leishmaniasis transmission has been documented in dogs but, to date, a canine venereal tumor-dependent transmission route has not been fully demonstrated. In this report, a 10-year-old, mixed breed, intact female dog presented a vaginal venereal transmissible tumor but no other clinical abnormalities otherwise. Unexpectedly, tumor tissue imprint smears examination revealed Leishmania sp. amastigotes within infiltrating macrophages. In addition to the cytological direct identification, the protozoan was confirmed within the neoplastic tissue by means of immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction. This report illustrates an asymptomatic Leishmania sp. infection that may have started on or from the canine venereal tumor tissue, the latter option further supporting previous evidence of such an alternative vector-independent route of transmission for canine visceral leishmaniasis in areas where these diseases coexist.

Carcinoma de células escamosas em assoalho vaginal de um bovino nelore associado a metástase em pulmão: relato de caso

The squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a neoplasm that affect pets and production animals and it’s very common in tropical countries like Brazil; develops in sparsely pigmented, stratified squamous epithelium and in mucosal surfaces exposed Ultraviolet action. The SCC is quite infiltrative but rarely causes metastases. Its occurrence in the female reproductive tract is recognized in the literature on cattle breeds from Europe. This case was a female bovine, Nelore, adult, who was referred to the "Hospital Veterinário Luiz Quintiliano de Oliveira" with dark brown fluid leakage and putrid odor, associated with ulcerative growth of the vagina. Because the extent of injury, the animal was euthanized and taken to the necropsy, which was observed on board structure, ulcerated and pus in the vaginal floor, infiltrated into the pelvic cavity to the serosa of the uterine body. The microscopic findings were detected neoplastic proliferation of epithelial cells in the floor and vaginal metastases in the lung parenchyma, and classified the primary tumor and metastasis as squamous cell carcinoma moderately differentiated.

Fibroma ossificante periférico: relato de caso

The Peripheral ossifying fibroma is a reactive proliferative lesion, non neoplastic, slow growth, which can produce recurrence after removal. It´s etiology is uncertain, but is associated with local irritants, and is found mostly in the anterior maxilla. Clinically it is characterized by an asymptomatic increase in volume, which may, over time, facial asymmetry. The aim of this paper is to describe a case of peripheral ossifying fibroma in a patient 40, female, exophytic lesion in the jaw, unusual for its large dimensions and with a history of three recurrences, leading to facial asymmetry. She underwent surgery to remove the lesion along with the likely irritants, and the pathological diagnosis of peripheral ossifying fibroma. We conclude that it is fundamentally important for complete removal of the lesion to reduce the tendency to relapse, including the periosteum and the periodontal ligament, in addition to possible causes.

CD10 (Neutral Endopeptidase) expression in myoepithelial cells of salivary neoplasms

CD10 is a cell surface peptidase expressed in a wide variety of normal and neoplastic tissues, including breast myoepithelial cells. In salivary glands, expression of CD10 has only been used to identify neoplastic myoepithelial cells of pleomorphic adenomas and myoepithelial carcinomas. However, its accuracy in other salivary tumors with myoepithelial component has yet to be analyzed. We examined 72 salivary tumors with myoepithelial differentiation using immunohistochemical technique to detect CD10. In salivary glands, CD10 expression was not detected in myoepithelial cells. Only fibrocytes within the intralobular stroma were CD10 positive. In neoplastic myoepithelial cells, CD10 expression was found in 25.71% of benign and 32.43% of malignant neoplasms. When the different groups of tumors were compared, epithelial-myoepithelial carcinomas (EMEC) showed a stark contrast with the others (83.3% of cases with CD10 expression). Surprisingly, adenoid cystic carcinomas and basal cell adenomas were negative in 100% of the cases. Myoepitheliomas, pleomorphic adenomas, and myoepithelial carcinomas were positive in 27.7%, 30.0%, and 40% of the cases, respectively. In conclusion, salivary neoplastic myoepithelial cells gain CD10 expression in relation to their normal counterparts. However, the gain of this protein is not a sensitive marker for detecting myoepithelial cells in the majority of the tumors, except for EMEC. The high expression of CD10 by this carcinoma can be a valuable tool to separate EMEC from the tubular variant of adenoid cystic carcinomas in small incisional biopsies, where the precise diagnosis may be impossible.

Análise integrada entre dados de expressão global de transcritos codificadores e de miRNAs em carcinomas de células escamosas de laringe

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Sensibilidade da citoinclusão (PAAF) para detecção de CK5, RE e RP no carcinoma primário de mama na cadela

Pós-graduação em Patologia - FMB

Influência das células mioepiteliais neoplásicas benignas de adenoma pleomórfico na produção de MMPs -1, -2, - 8, -9 e -13 por células epiteliais malignas e sua possível relação com o índice de invasão

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Trace elements as tumor biomarkers and prognostic factors in breast cancer: a study through energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence

Background The application and better understanding of traditional and new breast tumor biomarkers and prognostic factors are increasing due to the fact that they are able to identify individuals at high risk of breast cancer, who may benefit from preventive interventions. Also, biomarkers can make possible for physicians to design an individualized treatment for each patient. Previous studies showed that trace elements (TEs) determined by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) techniques are found in significantly higher concentrations in neoplastic breast tissues (malignant and benign) when compared with normal tissues. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of TEs, determined by the use of the Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) technique, as biomarkers and prognostic factors in breast cancer. Methods By using EDXRF, we determined Ca, Fe, Cu, and Zn trace elements concentrations in 106 samples of normal and breast cancer tissues. Cut-off values for each TE were determined through Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis from the TEs distributions. These values were used to set the positive or negative expression. This expression was subsequently correlated with clinical prognostic factors through Fisher’s exact test and chi-square test. Kaplan Meier survival curves were also evaluated to assess the effect of the expression of TEs in the overall patient survival. Results Concentrations of TEs are higher in neoplastic tissues (malignant and benign) when compared with normal tissues. Results from ROC analysis showed that TEs can be considered a tumor biomarker because, after establishing a cut-off value, it was possible to classify different tissues as normal or neoplastic, as well as different types of cancer. The expression of TEs was found statistically correlated with age and menstrual status. The survival curves estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method showed that patients with positive expression for Cu presented a poor overall survival (p < 0.001). Conclusions This study suggests that TEs expression has a great potential of application as a tumor biomarker, once it was revealed to be an effective tool to distinguish different types of breast tissues and to identify the difference between malignant and benign tumors. The expressions of all TEs were found statistically correlated with well-known prognostic factors for breast cancer. The element copper also showed statistical correlation with overall survival.

Alterações no fenômeno da coagulação na vigência do mastocitoma cutâneo em cães

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV