359 resultados para Exercícios físicos Aspectos fisiológicos - Teses
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Fundao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de So Paulo (FAPESP)
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Coordenao de Aperfeioamento de Pessoal de Nvel Superior (CAPES)
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Fundao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de So Paulo (FAPESP)
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Em Presidente Prudente, a mdia de pessoas que apresentam algum tipo de deficincia supera as demais cidades do estado de So de Paulo (IBGE 2010). Em decorrncia desta populao expressiva e a ausncia de acessibilidade e de equipamentos voltados para essa demanda, buscando seu bem-estar, este trabalho final de graduao prope a criao de um Centro Esportivo voltado para pessoas com deficincia fsica. pensando nas dificuldades que estes encontram para manter uma vida saudvel, que o Centro Esportivo atua no s como fator de qualidade de vida, atravs prtica da atividade fsica, como tambm de integrao social, atravs do convvio que se tem com diversas pessoas, que podem apresentar a mesma dificuldade ou no, propiciando a troca de valores e experincia
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The professional market for physical education and fitness demands for perfect and aesthetically beautiful bodies from its professionals, and the additional pressure of media, both add to the risk for body image dissatisfaction among these professional, increasing the risk for developing body image distortions and, ultimately, eating disorders. Body image dissatisfaction affects more women in their attempts for thin ideal. However, lately, because of social pressure for body aesthetical habits in both genders, men are faced with higher risk for distortions in body perception, leading to unhealthy eating habits and pathogenic exercise. With this in mind, the purpose of this study was to compare freshmen and senior physical education (PE) students from the State University of So Paulo (UNESP), as well as to make gender comparisons. Two groups comprise each, 46 freshmen PE students (23 females and 23 males), average age 18.7 1.7 years; and 26 senior PE students (13 females and 13 males), average age 23 1.9 years. Both groups filled out the questionnaires: Eating Attitudes Test/ EAT-26, Body Shape Questionnaire/ BSQ, Body Shape Questionnaire/ BSQ, and motivation state questionnaire/ LEA-RI. Results showed that the majority of participants wanted to change some aspect of their looks; women were more dissatisfied with their bodies than men; eating behavior scores were within the normal range for both groups. Finally, freshmen PE students are at a higher risk for body image distortion than senior PE students. We concluded that women, as well as younger individuals in general, are at higher risk for body image distortions. It is likely that experience in the further years of a physical education course has positive impact on body self image.
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Introduo: A utilizao de diferentes intensidades em sesses de exercícios com pesos, para os msculos extensores do cotovelo, tem proporcionado diferenas na sustentabilidade das repeties e no volume total. Entretanto, devido s alteraes do desempenho neuromuscular inter-membros, tais evidncias no podem ser extrapoladas para membros inferiores. Objetivo: Comparar a resposta aguda de sesses de exerccio com pesos, realizadas com diferentes intensidades, na sustentabilidade das repeties e no volume total, em idosas treinadas. Materiais e Mtodos: Participaram do estudo 16 idosas (68,3 +-6,0 anos) treinadas com pesos. Os dados foram coletados em cinco sesses, separadas por no mnimo 48 horas de descanso. A intensidade, em quilogramas, do teste de repeties mximas (15 RM) foi determinada nas duas primeiras visitas e confirmada na terceira. Nas quarta e quinta visitas, foram realizadas as sesses com as diferentes intensidades (em uma sesso - trs sries at a fadiga muscular concntrica, com a intensidade de 100% de 15 RM; na outra sesso - duas sries de 15 repeties e na terceira srie at a fadiga muscular concntrica, com a intensidade de 90% de 15 RM). Em ambas as sesses, o intervalo de recuperao utilizado entre as sries foi de dois minutos. Todas as participantes realizaram ambos os protocolos e um delineamento crossover balanceado foi utilizado para determinar a ordem das sesses. Resultados: O teste t de Student para amostras dependentes demonstrou que o volume total da sesso de teste com 90% de 15 RM foi significativamente superior (22,5%; P < 0,01) ao da sesso com 100% de 15 RM. A ANOVA indicou efeitos principais de condio, momento ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrnico abaixo)
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Introduction: The elderly population has increased, and the aging process is responsible for physical and metabolic changes in the body. For the elderly remain independent, with a better quality of life, preventing and treating diseases responsible for this increased of mortality should remain physically active. Objective: To investigate the influence of two types of exercise intervention on physical fitness and physical activity levels in older practitioners of Rio Claro-SP. Method: The study included 18 older adults with mean age 65.8 years ( 2.88) divided into two groups, Program in Physical Exercises Health Unit (PEFUS, n = 9) and Adapted Volleyball (n = 9). Classes of PEFUS were held twice a week lasting 60 min with strength, aerobic endurance, agility, coordination and balance exercises. Classes of Volleyball Adapted were performed 2 times per week lasting 120 minutes, divided into volleyball fundamental exercises and game. For evaluation of physical skills (strength, agility, coordination and flexibility), was performed the AAHPERD test battery. All participants were assessed at the baseline and after 3 months of interventions. The statistical analysis used was the repeated measures ANOVA, through the SPSS version 17.0 and significance level p <0.05. Result: After the interventions there was an increase of leisure time from 362.2 214.9 min / week and 16.7 28.3 min / week to 541.7 137.2 and 44.4 44.8 min / week to Adapted Volleyball and PEFUS, respectively. The variable coordination showed significant improvements after the interventions, decreasing from 12.1 0.7 to 10.8 0.5 sec for Volleyball Adapted and from 14.8 0.9 to 12.1 0, 9 sec for PEFUS (p <0.05). For the variable strength it was observed a group-moment interaction (p <0.05). Conclusion: The interventions showed positive results... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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No perodo da menopausa, a incidncia de doenas cardiovasculares em mulheres equivalente a dos homens, e assim os gastos pblicos com sade nesta populao em particular, aumentam significativamente, uma vez que as mulheres possuem maior longevidade se comparadas aos homens. Os mecanismos celulares e/ou moleculares pelos quais ocorre maior incidncia de hipertenso arterial em mulheres aps a menopausa ainda no so claros. Uma variedade de fatores parece contribuir para a elevao de presso arterial na menopausa, entre eles destacam-se a deficincia de estrognio, o aumento do estresse oxidativo, a disfuno endotelial, a elevao da atividade do sistema renina-angiotensina, a elevao nos nveis plasmticos de testosterona, as alteraes no perfil lipdico e o aumento no ganho de peso. Trabalhos prvios mostram que os efeitos benficos do exerccio fsico sobre o sistema cardiovascular esto relacionados a maior produo de xido ntrico e/ou sua biodisponibilidade para o msculo liso vascular. Este ltimo mecanismo tem sido relacionado com elevao da atividade da enzima antioxidante superxido dismutase (SOD), que representa um importante mecanismo de defesa celular contra a formao de radicais livres. Objetivo: avaliar os nveis plasmticos da enzima superxido dismutase em resposta a um programa de treinamento fsico aerbio por 8 semanas realizado em mulheres no climatrio. Mtodos: A amostra foi constituda por 31 mulheres normotensas (49,31,2 anos) e 15 hipertensas (52,21,6 anos) todas diagnosticadas no perodo do climatrio e sedentrias... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrnico abaixo)
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The increase in the elderly population has been significant in recent years in Brazil, with the growth in the relative share of the population aged 65 or more, which was 4.8% in 1991 and reaching 7.4% in 2010, this occurred mainly due to the growth of the adult population, especially also for the increased participation of the elderly population (IBGE, 2010). This situation has challenges of political, social, economic and mainly related to the health of the elderly population. The practice of physical activity, especially gymnastics, are offered to the population as a means of improving the health and quality of life (BURINI, 2005; MATSUDO, 2002; MAZO, 2003). From this context, this course conclusion work aims to report gymnastics programs developed in Denmark for the elderly population and reflect on the differences and similarities with the Brazilian fitness programs for seniors presented in the literature. The method used to develop this work of completion will review the literature on physical activity programs for seniors and, in particular, gymnastics, developed in Brazil and published in national Physical Education, minimum classification B2 (CAPES, 2012 ). Parallel to this, the description of fitness programs directed to older people in Denmark, as an account of personal experience of five months in Folk High School Gymnastik og Idraetshojskolen Viborg / Denmark. In the results of the study, were founded eight projects of physical activity of elderly people in the articles. Compared with the Brazilian projects studied, and observed Danish, they differ primarily the goals of the programs, which directly influences the activities conducted training. The frequency is similar but the Danish culture of physical exercise, makes Denmark people want to practice more activities off-hours programs. Another equally important aspect that emerges... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Disorders in gait are identified in Parkinsons disease patients. As a result, the capacity of walking independently and the interaction with the environment can be impairment. So, the auditory cues have been utilized as a non-pharmacological treatment to improve the locomotor impairment of the PD patients. However, these effects were observed in the regular lands and its not known the effects of auditory cues in gait during avoidance obstacles that could be more threaten for these patients. Yet, few studies in the literature compare the Parkinsons disease patients with the older adults during the locomotor tasks and obstacle avoidance in association with the effects of auditory cues. The aim of the study is to compare the effects of the auditory cues in the gait and during obstacle avoidance in PD patients and older adults. 30 subjects distributed in two groups (Group 1 - 15, Parkinsons disease patients; Group 2 - 15, healthy older adults) are going to participate of this study. After the participation approval, the assessment of clinical condition will be done by a physician. So, to investigate the locomotor pattern, it will be done a kinematic analysis. The experimental task is to walk on 8 m pathway and 18 trials will be done (6 for the free gait and 12 for adaptive gait). For the adaptive gait, two different obstacle heights will be manipulated: high obstacle (HO) and low obstacle (LO). In order to verify possible differences between the groups and the experimental condition, multivariance tests will be used with a significance level of 0.05. MANOVA revealed effect of condition and task. Thus, with DA, we observed an increase in cadence and reduced single support and stride length. When the tasks were compared, it was observed that the LO task, subjects had lower velocity and stride length... 9Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Introduction: Physical inactivity is identified as the fourth greatest risk factor of mortality worldwide. Little is known about how physical inactivity alters the demand for use of primary health care services, and it is a subject which demands further investigation. Objective: This study aims to determine the influence that physical activity has on the demand for use of primary health care services. Methods: This is a retrospective and cross-sectional study. The Rio Claro Active Health Program (SARC), studied in this research, is a partnership between the Municipal Health Foundation and Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), represented by the Nucleus of Physical Activity, Sport and Health (NAFES) department of Physical Education and coordinated by Prof. Dr. Eduardo Kokubun. The study was carried out on residents of Rio Claro of both sexes seen at SARC. To assess the influence that physical activity had on the demand of the use of health services a questionnaire was given to participants who had attended the program since 2009. This questionnaire contains questions concerning the level of physical activity, health service use, number of both blood pressure and glucose measurement takings, number of spontaneous and scheduled medical visits, number of medications taken, number of illnesses and hospitalizations, comparing the data found in the previous year and the year after the program began. An informed term of consent was used for research participants. Descriptive analysis was carried out, using frequency, mean, maximum and minimum standard deviation. Results: Active participation in The Rio Claro Active Health program has positively influenced the following variables: perception of health, uncontrolled blood pressure, did not modify the number of diseases, number of medications in general, ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Several studies have shown that different stretching routines can lead to decreases on acute neuromuscular system performance. Although the deficit in muscle strength mediated by different methods of stretching has been systematically observed, few studies have investigated the possible existence of a dose-response relationship between the amount of stretching and muscle strength deficit in older adults. In this context, the objective of this study was to investigate the acute effect of two different stretching volumes on isometric force-time curve (Cf-t) in elderly women. The study included 13 older women (64.08 4.27 years, 69.98 10.56 kg, 157.90 8.66 cm, 28.25 4.22 kg/m). The participants visited the laboratory for five consecutive days, among which the first two were used for familiarization. During the other three days the participants underwent experimental conditions: control (C) stretch 30 seconds (AE30) and stretch 60 seconds (AE60). For the AE30 and AE60 conditions, three series of passive static stretching were performed, with duration of 30 and 60 seconds, respectively. The experimental conditions were performed with an interval of at least 24 hours between them and the order of execution was randomized. The recording of isometric Cf-t of the knee extensor muscles was performed in extensor chair connected to a force transducer. Measurements were recorded immediately after each experimental condition, for five seconds. For statistical analysis, descriptive procedures were used and ANOVA one way to check possible changes on the Maximal Voluntary Contraction (CVM) and Peak Rate of Force Development (TDFP) among the three conditions (p <0.05). The ANOVA showed no statistically significant difference for CVM and TDFP, between the three conditions. It can be concluded that different volumes of static stretching, three sets ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Ao longo da histria, a doena mental passou por diversos perodos de crticas relaes com a prpria humanidade, exposta vulnerabilidade dos mitos e pr-concepes que motivaram a perseguio e segregao daqueles seres humanos qualificados como insanos. No Brasil, as primeiras intervenes especficas de atendimento doena mental s ocorreram a partir da segunda metade do sculo 19. Atualmente a doena mental representa um dos maiores gastos da rede do SUS (Sistema nico de Sade) (Ministrio da Sade do Brasil, 1999). Nas ltimas dcadas, a fim de diminuir o tempo de internao e o gasto com medicamentos, um conjunto de iniciativas surgiu como forma de transformar a compreenso cultural e a relao da sociedade com as pessoas que apresentam transtornos mentais. Dentre as novas propostas humanizadoras de atendimento, a educao fsica e, particularmente, o exerccio, vieram mostrar sua contribuio nessa rea. Para Silva (1995), a atividade fsica acarreta uma complexa rede de reaes bioenergticas no organismo e essas acabam por melhorar o rendimento fsico e mental dos pacientes nas atividades de vida diria. Tendo em vista a relevncia da interveno atravs da atividade fsica no campo da doena mental, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar resultados dos estudos que demonstraram os benefcios da atividade fsica para indivduos com transtornos psiquitricos, considerando os aspectos fisiológicos e emocionais dos mesmos, atravs de reviso da literatura cientfica. Para isso, foi feito um levantamento nas principais bases de dados atravs do cruzamento de palavras chaves, tais como sade mental e atividade fsica, doena mental e atividade fsica, esquizofrenia e atividade fsica, transtorno psiquitrico e atividade fsica, transtorno bipolar e atividade fsica. Os resultados dos estudos revelaram que a atividade fsica possui...
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Introduction: Given the repercussion of the important role of physical activity in the prevention of sickness and non-communicable diseases / loss, many works have been done in order to understand the association of sociodemographic characteristics with sedentarism. The elements which influence the physical activity practice are countless. Besides the intrapersonal element, environment elements (social environment, cultural environment, public politics, information environment, natural environment etc.) are also important in the life style. Yet, the way that the person understands the environment can be considered in the planning of the strategies to change the sedentary behavior. Objective: Verify the association of the environment perception with the practice of physical activity (FA) at leisure time in adults living in Rio Claro SP. Methodology: The sample consists of 470 adults, all residente in rio Claro-SP, aged 18 years old. The chosen participants answered to the questionnaires: Neighborhood Environmental Walkability Scale (NEWS), International Physical Activity (IPAQ) and to a specific questionnaire with personal data (age, sex, educational level, economical level, weight, height and marital status). The analysis of the connection between the variables was done through the Logistic Regression with Confidence Interval of 95%, using the software SPSS 17.0. Those who reached the recommendation of 10 minutes or more of physical activity in leisure time for week were classified as active, and those who did not reach the recommendation were classified as underactive. Results: The proportion of subjects who practiced physical activity in leisure time was 38,7%, and the male subjects, as well as those classified as better social level showed higher chances to practice at least 10 minutes weekly of physical activity during leisure. Still, walking the dog, soccer fields and gardens near the house (less than 10 walking minutes), were...
