Etnobotânica de Leguminosae entre agricultores agroecológicos na Floresta Atlântica, Araponga, Minas Gerais, Brasil

This study describes the richness of Leguminosae used by 21 traditional farmers in coffee agroforestry systems (AFS) and forest fragments of the Atlantic Forest, in the municipality of Araponga, Minas Gerais, Brazil. It also presents the use categories, relative importance and the species similarity between the AFSs. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and participant observation, between August 2005 and November 2006, directed during random walks in seven AFSs and forest fragments surrounding the State Park of Serra do Brigadeiro. The farmers cited 59 species of Leguminosae, of which 86% are native to the Atlantic Forest and used in ancient cultural practices, such as to make bullock carts. Twelve categories of use were established, among them the most important were fertilizer and firewood (21 spp each); in the AFSs, species used for soil fertilization (18 spp) are the most utilized, and in the forest, the species for firewood and technology (17 spp.) The relative importance index showed that in the forest, Piptadenia gonoacantha showed 83% of agreement for the use as wood for fencing pastures, while in the AFSs, Inga edulis scored 100% as food. The AFSs studied show little similarity of species (0.42 of the Sorensen scale), due to the selection promoted by the farmers, thus, providing room for the conservation of useful species of Leguminosae.

Distribuição espacial de atributos químicos do solo em área de pastagem e floresta

The knowledge on spatial distribution of soil properties by means of geostatistics is important as an indicator for a better soil use and management. This study aimed at evaluating the spatial distribution of soil chemical properties, in a forest and pasture area in Manicoré, Amazonas State, Brazil. Grids with 70.00 m x 70.00 m, with regular spacing of 10.00 m x 10.00 m, totaling 64 points, were established, and then soil samples were collected at the depths of 0.0-0.20 m and 0.40-0.60 m and had their chemical properties determined. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and geostatistics, and the sampling density analysis was based on the coefficient of variation and semivariograms range. The mean and median values were adjusted to the closest values, indicating normal distribution, while the spherical, exponential and gaussian models were adjusted to the soil chemical properties. It was concluded that the geostatistics provided adequate information for understanding the spatial distribution. The forest area showed a higher spatial continuity and the pasture area a lower sampling density. The chemical properties showed differences in the spatial variability, while the range represented better the estimates for sampling density and spacing, in the forest and pasture area.

Geoestatística na avaliação dos atributos físicos em latossolo sob floresta nativa e pastagem na Região de Manicoré, Amazonas

The use of geostatistical techniques allows detection of the existence of dependence and the spatial distribution of soil properties, thus constituting an important tool in the analysis and detailed description of the behavior of soil physical properties. The aim of the present study was to use geostatistics in assessment of physical properties in a Latossolo (Oxisol) dystrophic under native forest and pasture in the Amazon region of Manicore. Grids with of 70 x 70 m were established in native forest and pasture, and points were marked in these grids spaced at every 10 m, for a total of 64 points. These points were then georeferenced and in each one, soil samples (128) were collected at the depths of 0.00-0.20 and 0.40-0.60 m for a survey of their physical properties. These grids are parallel at a distance of 100 m from one another. The following determinations were made: texture, bulk density and particle density, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity and aggregate stability in water. After tabulating the data, descriptive statistical analysis and geostatistical analysis were performed. The pasture had a slight variation in its physical properties in relation to native forest, with a high coefficient of variation and weak spatial dependence. The scaled semivariograms were able to satisfactorily reproduce the spatial behavior of the properties in the same pattern as the individual semivariograms, and the use of the parameter range of the semivariogram was efficient for determining the optimal sampling density for the environments under study. The geostatistical results indicate that the removal of native forest for establishing pasture altered the natural variability of the physical properties.

Relação entre a precipitação anual e o incremento em volume de árvores amostradas em plantações de Pinus taeda

This work was based on a complete tree stem analysis to assess the growth behavior and current annual volume increment (CAI) of four individuals of Pinus taeda sampled in populations located in the 'Avare II' State Forest and 'Itapeva' Experimental Station, State of São Paulo. The relationship between the rainfall time series and CAI index was examined by means of cross-correlation coefficients. The convergence coefficients (GL) between the series were calculated. In the individuals that showed a statistical significance in the cross-correlation between the time series, the previous year's rainfall significantly affected the current annual volume increment in the year under consideration. The GL values between the series were higher in 'Itapeva'. Since the two sites showed no significant difference in rainfall distribution, the difference was attributed to the soil texture at 40-60 cm - medium in 'Avare' and clayey in 'Itapeva', so the CAI of the 'Itapeva' plantation reflects the higher availability of water.

Helmintofauna associada a répteis provenientes da Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Foz do Rio Aguapeí, estado de São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia) - IBB

Social wasp-flower visiting guild interactions in less structurally complex habitats are more susceptible to local extinction

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Variabilidade espacial de atributos físicos de solos antropogênico e não antropogênico na região de Manicoré, AM

Better knowledge of the anthropogenic soils can help create future scenarios for the Amazon region through information that supports the sustainable planning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability of soil physical anthropogenic and not anthropogenic in the region of Manipur, AM. In the study area we selected two, one with no anthropogenic soils (native forest) and another with anthropogenic soils (black earth archaeological). In each area, we established a grid measuring 70 x 70 m and the soils were sampled at the points of intersection of the grid with regular spacing of 10 by 10 feet, making a total of 64 sampling points in each landscape. Soil samples were collected at a depth from 0.0 to 0.10 I did the analyzes physical (texture, bulk density, macroporosity, microporososidade, porosity and aggregate stability). Then, the data were subjected to descriptive statistics and geostatistics. It was found that the anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic soils showed different behaviors in relation ace their spatial structures. The spatial variability that prevailed in anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic soil was moderate and weak indicating that these soils are strongly linked to changes in the soil by extrinsic factors. The soil was observed anthropogenic best results for total porosity, microporosity and bulk density, showing superior characteristics compared for agronomic soil not anthropogenic. And the range of values found in the above two areas were used in the mesh, showing greater spatial continuity in these environments.

Reproductive Dynamics of the Neotropical Treefrog Hypsiboas albopunctatus (Anura, Hylidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

The influence of habitat homogenization on the trophic structure of fish fauna in tropical streams

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Sistemas agroflorestais em assentamentos rurais: uma contribuição para a construção de sistemas produtivos sustentáveis? Uma visão a partir dos agricultores

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Alterações nas propriedades físicas de um latossolo vermelho-escuro sob diferentes culturas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Diversity of leaf-litter anurans in a fragmented landscape of the Atlantic Plateau of Sao Paulo State, southeastern Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Deslocamento de caráter em hilídeos neotropicais (anura: hylidae)

The interspecific competition tends to favor the selection of divergent phenotypes minimizing the effect of this interaction. This process is termed character displacement and it is considered one of the main mechanisms promoting adaptive diversification. Brazil has the greatest diversity of amphibians on the planet and despite this great diversity; the role of character displacement in the process of Brazilian amphibian fauna diversification has not been studied. In the present study we tested the hypothesis of character displacement in four congeneric species pairs of frogs from the family Hylidae, occurring in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado. We find evidence of character displacement for two pairs and parallel evolution for the remaining. Interestingly, the trend of character displacement was in species whose range covers less stable habitats. Since this is a pioneering study with neotropical hylid, we discussed issues considered relevant to elucidate mechanisms related to the maintenance of diversity

O estado da arte das vocalizações de anfíbios anuros da Mata Atlântica

The vocals are the most conspicuous means of communication between frogs and can express evolutionary relationships among species. Call descriptions of frogs, in general, not standard acoustic parameters which are greatly diversified and usually restricted to comparisons between closely related taxa. The Atlantic Forest is considered one of the biodiversity hotspots of the world, however, it appears that the number of species to be known is still very large. To anurans from this Brazilian Domain, vocalizations are complex and can vary intra and interpopulations. Thus, we presented a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the work descriptions of anuran advertisement call from the Atlantic Forest, available in the literature so far. The frog species from this Domain and their descriptions of the advertisement call have been raised in the literature, organized into families and threat category IUCN Red List Threatened Species. The analysis of the descriptions were made based on the presence of preset parameters. It was observed that the species which the advertisement call is described within the standard are expected within the Brazilian Atlantic Domain, but efforts to describe the advertisement call of frogs of the Atlantic are concentrated in non-threatened species. Among the descriptions works, there is a large discrepancy between the information presented, giving preference to the use of abiotic data in this kind of work, to the detriment of biotic data about choir where the songs were recorded. The results point to the need for advancements in the descriptions of the advertisement of endangered species or to those with deficient information on their conservation status in the Atlantic Forest, and also for greater communication between works that describe vocalizations of frogs. It will be important to know about the state of the art of descriptions works of frogs in other Brazilian Domains, and relate this information with knowledge...

Levantamento da mastofauna e identificação das influências antrópicas em dois fragmentos de Mata Atlântica transição com Cerrado de Rubião Junior – Botucatu - SP

Atlantic Forest and Cerrado are between the biological richest areas in the world, for that are considered top conservation priorities. Those ecosystems are found at Botucatu region, where it´s extremely fragmented by routes, agricultural areas and urban centres. This fragmentation causes restrictions on animals populations, in particular to medium and large mammals, that needs larger areas to live and also are often hunted. Even isolated and suffering anthropic influences the fragments are fundamental for local biodiversity conservation. We realized a mammal survey on two forest fragments of Atlantic forest transition to Cerrado of Rubião Júnior – Botucatu – SP – Brazil: Santo Antônio Church and Parque das Cascatas forests. The Santo Antônio church munt is considered a turistic point and its forest receive many visitants, Parque das Cascatas forest is inside of a residential condominium. Both areas are classify as semidecidual stational forest and are disconected by Domingos Sartori route, that connect Botucatu centre to Rubião Júnior district. Around both fragments can be found residences, plantations and pastures. The utilized method included: recognition of tracks on the forests, interviews with next residents and sand plots mounting. The interviews indicated 29 mammals species, and 19 was validated for animal traces, overruns or visualization. Other 3 species found were not mentioned on interviews. Totally, was found 22 small and medium mammals presence evidences on both forest fragments. Parque das Cascatas forest showed more diversity (19) then Santo Antônio Church forest (11), and species like Eira barbara, Procyon cancrivorus, Mazama americana, Shiggurus villosus, Dasypus novemcinctus, Didelphis albiventris, Lutreolina crassicaudata and Lepus europaeus looked for other areas once that was verifyed overruns of individuals... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)