Analysis of rocuronium in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with application in clinical pharmacokinetics

Rocuronium (ROC) is a neuromuscular blocking agent used in surgical procedures which is eliminated primarily by biliary excretion. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for analysis of ROC in human plasma. Separation of ROC and IS (verapamil) was performed using an endcapped C-18 column and a mixture of water:acetonitrile:trifluoracetic acid (50:50:0.1, v/v) as mobile phase. Aliquots of 100 mu L of human plasma were extracted at pH 3, using dichloromethane. The lower limit of quantification of 5 ng/mL shows the high sensitivity of this method. Intra- and inter-assay precision (as relative standard deviation) was all <= 14.2% and accuracy (as relative standard error) did not exceed 10.1%. The validated method was successfully applied to quantify ROC concentrations in patients under surgical procedures up to 6 h after the administration of the 0.4-0.9 mg/kg ROC. The pharmacokinetic parameter estimations of ROC showed AUC/dose of 563 mu g min/mL, total clearance of 2.5 mL/min/kg, volume of distribution at steady state of 190 mL/kg and mean residence time of 83 min. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Determinação das alterações biomecânicas de idosos caidores e não caidores submetidos a protocolo incremental de fadiga

Pós-graduação em Fisioterapia - FCT

Influência da dexmedetomidina/atropina sobre as alterações da variação de pulso induzidas pela hemorragia seguida por reposição volêmica em cães anestesiados com isoflurano

Pós-graduação em Anestesiologia - FMB

Efeitos da Isradipina (LOMIR). Agente inibidor de canais de cálcio, no processo de reparo em feridas de extração dental: estudo histológico em ratos

In order to make a histological evaluation of the dental alveolus wound healing in presence of the Isradipine (Lomir/Sandoz Pharma), the new calcium channels blockers, forthy-eight albino rats were utilized. These animals were divided in two groups. The animals of group I were considered as control; in group II, after the dental extractions the rats received intraperitonial injections of 2,5 mg/Kg of isradipine, administered a single dose. From each group of animals were sacrificed at 3, 7, 14 and 21 post-operative days. The pieces were fixed, descalcified and embedded in paraffin. The blocks thus obtained were cut at 6 micrometers thick and sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for morphological study. According to the results obtained i t was verified that the treated animals did not alter of wound healing after dental extractions

Assessment and comparison of the effects of two techniques on hamstring flexibility

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação da flexibilidade e dor de idosos fisicamente ativos e sedentários

Introduction: Among others things, ageing results in neuromuscular decrease. The physical activity practice may to influence positively the ageing process. Objective: To evaluate the flexibility and the level of pain on the sedentary and physically active elderly. Method: Forty-two elderly participated of this study, both male and female, (twenty-two physically active and twenty sedentary), over sixty years old and functionally capable to perform the evaluations suggested. They were submitted to tests of decrease in anterior flexion of the trunk, Stibor and Shoeber to evaluate the flexibility and then they signalized the level of pain on the analogic visual scale. The data obtained on the valuations has been analyzed utilizing the non-parametric statistic test Mann-Whitney, considering the level of significance of 5% (p<0,05), in order to compare the performance among the groups. Results: It has not been observed significant di- fferences among the groups referring to the tests Stibor and analogic visual scale. On Shoeber and FAT tests has been observed significant differences (p<0,05) among the groups, with a better performance to the active group. Conclusion: The physical activity practicing interfere on the mobility and on the flexibility of the elderly body segment.

Eletroestimulação em pacientes portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica

Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease may have muscle dysfunction, which ultimately reduce the functional capacity. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a technique that can be effective in these patients, and implies low overload to the cardiorespiratory system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of NMES on muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness in COPD patients. Five patients (2 men, 3 women) were evaluated, with a mean age of 70.40 ± 6.61 years, and underwent anamnesis, anthropometric measurements, spirometry, pulmonary function, cardiopulmonary functional capacity and muscle strength in the lower limbs. After the evaluations, the patients were enrolled in a program of electrical stimulation of the quadriceps muscles, performed 3 times per week for 5 weeks. Each session lasted for 30 minutes, being reassessed at the end of the 15 sessions. Statistically significant response is observed to gain strength in lower limb (p = 0.005), but no significant responses were observed for the distance in six minute walking test before and after the test protocol for electrical stimulation. Showing that with NMES was located just gain muscle strength without effects on functional capacity, and there are few studies that investigate these effects, so further studies are needed to investigate this relationship.

Effects of dexmedetomidine on pulse pressure variation changes induced by hemorrhage followed by volume replacement in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Hipoparatireoidismo primário em cão

The hypoparathyroidism is a rare endocrinopathy reported in dogs, caused by a deficiency in the synthesis of parathyroid hormone (PTH). The lack of PTH causes hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, resulting in a series of neurological and neuromuscular disorders. Unlike most endocrinopathies, hypoparathyroidism is a disease in which the exogenous hormone replacement is not being viable, becoming the treatment a challenge. The present report aims to describe a case of primary hypoparathyroidism in a Schnauzer dog with seizures and neuromuscular disorders, and successful treatment employed, this being the first case, according to the literature, of hypoparathyroidism diagnosed in Brazil. The hypoparathyroidism should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of seizure. A complete neurological evaluation and determination of serum ionized calcium and parathyroid hormone are essential for the diagnosis of this disease. Early diagnosis may improve the quality of life of affected animals, since after the initiation of therapy, there is complete remission of clinical signs.

Resposta aguda de sessões de treinamento com pesos em diferentes intensidades, na sustentabilidade das repetições e no volume total, em mulheres idosas treinadas

Introdução: A utilização de diferentes intensidades em sessões de exercícios com pesos, para os músculos extensores do cotovelo, tem proporcionado diferenças na sustentabilidade das repetições e no volume total. Entretanto, devido às alterações do desempenho neuromuscular inter-membros, tais evidências não podem ser extrapoladas para membros inferiores. Objetivo: Comparar a resposta aguda de sessões de exercício com pesos, realizadas com diferentes intensidades, na sustentabilidade das repetições e no volume total, em idosas treinadas. Materiais e Métodos: Participaram do estudo 16 idosas (68,3 +-6,0 anos) treinadas com pesos. Os dados foram coletados em cinco sessões, separadas por no mínimo 48 horas de descanso. A intensidade, em quilogramas, do teste de repetições máximas (15 RM) foi determinada nas duas primeiras visitas e confirmada na terceira. Nas quarta e quinta visitas, foram realizadas as sessões com as diferentes intensidades (em uma sessão - três séries até a fadiga muscular concêntrica, com a intensidade de 100% de 15 RM; na outra sessão - duas séries de 15 repetições e na terceira série até a fadiga muscular concêntrica, com a intensidade de 90% de 15 RM). Em ambas as sessões, o intervalo de recuperação utilizado entre as séries foi de dois minutos. Todas as participantes realizaram ambos os protocolos e um delineamento crossover balanceado foi utilizado para determinar a ordem das sessões. Resultados: O teste t de Student para amostras dependentes demonstrou que o volume total da sessão de teste com 90% de 15 RM foi significativamente superior (22,5%; P < 0,01) ao da sessão com 100% de 15 RM. A ANOVA indicou efeitos principais de condição, momento ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Efeito agudo de diferentes intensidades de exercícios com pesos sobre o volume e a contração voluntária máxima isométrica, em idosas treinadas

The prescription of strength training intensity (ST) by maximum repetition (RM) is characterized by a decrease in the number of repetitions in multiple series. Some studies have shown that reductions in the intensity of exercise can optimize the volume of training with similar acute neuromuscular behaviors. The objective of the study was to investigate the acute effect of two different ST intensities on the training volume, maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and rate of force development (RFD) in elderly women. The study included eight trained women (66.7 ± 6.7 years; 7.6 ± 17.8 kg; 159 cm; 29.33 ± 5.80 kg/m²). They underwent to three experimental conditions: two different intensities of ST (100% and 80% of 15-RM) on a chair for Leg Extension and a control condition. In the condition to 100% of 15 RM, all participants performed three sets to the concentric muscle fatigue, whereas in the condition to 80% involved the use of two sets of 15 repetitions and only the third to the concentric muscle fatigue. The order of experimental conditions was randomized. The MVC and RFD were determined on the basis of the isometric forcetime curve analysis which was obtained by a force transducer fixed on the unit Bonnet Chair, in the pre and after four and ten minutes for each experimental conditions. The total volume was calculated by multiplying the number of repetitions in three sets by the load in kg. Descriptive statistical analysis procedures were employed (mean ± standard deviation) in addition to two-way ANOVA. The level of significance was set at p <0.05. It was neither main effect of moment or condition, nor condition x moment interaction for MVC and RFD. For the total volume, no significant difference was noted between the conditions (100 and 80% of 15-RM). For sustainability of ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Efeito agudo de diferentes volumes de alongamento estático na contração voluntária máxima de idosas

Several studies have shown that different stretching routines can lead to decreases on acute neuromuscular system performance. Although the deficit in muscle strength mediated by different methods of stretching has been systematically observed, few studies have investigated the possible existence of a dose-response relationship between the amount of stretching and muscle strength deficit in older adults. In this context, the objective of this study was to investigate the acute effect of two different stretching volumes on isometric force-time curve (Cf-t) in elderly women. The study included 13 older women (64.08 ± 4.27 years, 69.98 ± 10.56 kg, 157.90 ± 8.66 cm, 28.25 ± 4.22 kg/m²). The participants visited the laboratory for five consecutive days, among which the first two were used for familiarization. During the other three days the participants underwent experimental conditions: control (C) stretch 30 seconds (AE30) and stretch 60 seconds (AE60). For the AE30 and AE60 conditions, three series of passive static stretching were performed, with duration of 30 and 60 seconds, respectively. The experimental conditions were performed with an interval of at least 24 hours between them and the order of execution was randomized. The recording of isometric Cf-t of the knee extensor muscles was performed in extensor chair connected to a force transducer. Measurements were recorded immediately after each experimental condition, for five seconds. For statistical analysis, descriptive procedures were used and ANOVA one way to check possible changes on the Maximal Voluntary Contraction (CVM) and Peak Rate of Force Development (TDFP) among the three conditions (p <0.05). The ANOVA showed no statistically significant difference for CVM and TDFP, between the three conditions. It can be concluded that different volumes of static stretching, three sets ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Caracterização dos receptores opióides do núcleo parabraquial lateral envolvidos no controle da ingestão de água e sódio

Nosso organismo constantemente perde água e eletrólitos para o meio ambiente, principalmente pela excreção urinária.Porém, a osmolaridade e o volume de líquidos do organismo devem permanecer dentro de uma pequena faixa de variação para que nossas células funcionem perfeitamente e haja manutenção da pressão arterial. A regulação da osmolaridade e do volume dos líquidos corporais exige que a entrada de água e eletrólitos seja igual à perda pelo corpo e, para tanto, a regulação envolve a ação integrada dos rins e do comportamento de ingestão de água e sódio que é o principal íon extracelular. A ingestão de água e sódio é regulada por mecanismos centrais excitatórios e inibitórios. Os mecanismos excitatórios que desencadeiam a ingestão de água e sódio são ativados principalmente pelo peptídeo angiotensina II (ANG II), cuja produção apresenta-se aumentada em situações de hipovolemia e hipotensão. Por outro lado, destacam-se importantes mecanismos inibitórios da ingestão de água e sódio descobertos recentemente no núcleo parabraquial lateral (NPBL). O NPBL é uma estrutura pontina que recebe projeções aferentes da área postrema (AP) e da porção medial do núcleo do trato solitário (NTSm) e que faz conexões com áreas prosencefálicas envolvidas no controle do balanço hidroeletrolítico. Estudos prévios mostraram que injeções bilaterais do agonista opióide inespecífico β-endorfina no NPBL induziram ingestão de água e sódio em ratos saciados e aumentaram a ingestão de água e sódio induzida pelo tratamento com o diurético furosemida (FURO) combinado com baixas doses do bloqueador da enzima conversora de angiotensina captopril (CAP) injetados subcutaneamente (sc)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Expressão gênica dos receptores nicotínicos de acetilcolina (nAChR) e caracterização morfológica das junções neuromusculares em músculo esquelético de ratos com insuficiência cardíaca

A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) está associada à miopatia dos músculos esqueléticos com aumento da expressão das isoformas rápidas da cadeia pesada de miosina e alterações na matriz extracelular. Os fatores de regulação miogência(MRF),como a MyoD e MRF4, pertecem a uma família de fatores transcricionais que controlam vários genes músculo-específicos.Esses fatores forma heterodímeros com proteínas HLH e ligam-se a seqüências de DNA conhecidas como Ebox, presentes na região promotora de vários genes músculo–específicos, incluindo todos aqueles que codificam as subunidades dos receptores nicotínicos de acetilcolina (nAChR) da junção neuromuscular (JNM). Baseado no fato de que na IC há uma diminuição na expressão da MyoD e MRF4 no músculo sóleo de ratos com IC induzida por monocrotalina, o objetivo do presente trabalho é verificar possíveis alterações na expressão dos receptores de acetilcolina, bem como realizar uma análise morfológica e morfométrica das JNMs. Neste estudo foram utilizados ratos Wistar, machos, divididos em grupos controle e experimental e a Insuficiência cardíaca (IC) foi induzida pela injeção de monocrotalina intra-peritoneal.Quando os sintomas de IC foram visualizados (após 22 dias) os animais foram sacrificados pentobarbital sódico i.p. (50 mg/Kg). A seguir foram mensurados o peso corporal (PC) dos ratos, bem como outros parâmetros. O músculo sóleo de ambos os antímeros foram dissecados e preparados para: avaliação da expressão gênica das subunidades ε, γ e α dos receptores de acetilcolina por PCR em Tempo Real; para análise morfológica e morfométrica da Junção Neuromuscular através da técnica de Esterase inespecífica; para análise ultra-estrutural da JN. Os resultados indicam que não houveram alterações morfológicas e morfométricas na JN, mas houve um aumento... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Acupuntura veterinária em pequenos animais

Acupuncture is one of the oldest forms of treatment, which is based in the grounds of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Despite the ancient history, it’s not completely widespread in Brazil, neither so comprehensive in veterinary medicine as used in humans. The technique of inserting needles into acupuncture points, can also be stimulated by heat, electrical stimulation or implants of metal, is mainly focused on neuromuscular disorders in small animals. The difficulty of comprehension of language and the lack of cientific bases restricted the possible applications of acupuncture. This work will address some of the clinical situations this complementary treatment can act, such as neurological, cardiorespiratory, reproductive, gastrointestinal, immunological, and postoperative intensive care