Análise comparativa de softwares de simulação de onda de cheia e corridas de massa

This scientific research aimed at presenting a comparative analysis of softwares used to represent the processes of flood wave and debris flow. For this, a literature review was performed on these processes and on simulation models used to represent them. Then, a research on scientific database and developers’ websites was performed to identify the softwares used to simulate these processes. This step was performed based on specific criteria such as the type of simulation performed by the software, its practical applications and a user friendly interface. A free distribution and totally functional software was chosen and its simulation mechanisms were tested through a simulation exercise and the results interpreted based on data on measured in the Basin of Ribeirão Marins section Monjolinho located in Piracicaba - SP. With respect to the processes, it was sought to present the dynamics, constraints, parameters and variables used to understand them and for the simulation models were presented the conceptual aspects of mathematical modeling including the steps of the simulation process and the different types of simulation models used to represent them. In total, 20 softwares were identified, and the software object of analysis was the ABC 6 that performs simulation of flood wave. Through the simulation exercise, it was observed that were presented overestimated values of flow compared to measured data in the basin. For both hypotheses were raised about the causes of the discrepancy between the observed and simulated flow. It has been concluded that the simulation process consisted of a complex procedure where generalizations, misrepresentations and simplifications may occur due to the data used and the method adopted, but it is a useful tool in planning and decision making in various types of studies and environmental projects

Ajuste do modelo QUAL2K e simulação de cenários para o Ribeirão Claro

The project has as objective to adjust the model QUAL2K to “Ribeirão Claro” river to evaluate the behavior of OD and DBO when are simulated the following sceneries: (i) implantation of a hypothetic wastewater station treatment that treats all the effluent thrown nowadays in the body of water; (ii) increase of withdrawal flow of DAAE to public supply and (iii) increase of nowadays flow of wastewater throwing, being the two last caused for the population increasing. The results obtained allowed to conclude that the model QUAL2K presented a good adjustment to the variable OD and a reasonable adjustment to the variable DBO, being that the same was suitable to the simulation of the sceneries proposed.

A simulação de Monte Carlo como instrumento fundamental para a análise de viabilidade econômica: a implementação de uma fundição de ferro em uma empresa metalúrgica

In uncertainly economic scenarios, an economic feasibility analysis must be done to accept a project based on investment criteria, such as NPV and IRR, mainly because the shareholders tend to invest their budget in a project if it has a great chance to return their investments. The studied company outsources all of its foundry services, what makes it very dependent of its suppliers, because the products have a lower quality level, long delivery periods and high prices. Therefore, this work will analyze the project of building an iron-casting foundry to decrease the dependence of its suppliers. In order to develop this research, all needed data related to the construction of the foundry and sales were collected to create deterministic and probabilistic (Monte Carlo Simulation) cash flows using MsExcel® and Oracle's Crystal Ball® software. As a result, the project was found to be risky by the NPV and IRR in the case of this new production line supplying only the internal needs. However, when the company offers its services to the foundry market, the project turns to be feasible

Simulação do tempo de descarga de caminhões graneleiros em uma estação de transbordo de carga em Porto Murtinho, MS

In the current decade, inter modal transport is widely discussed. In Brazil road transport is used in excess whereas there could be more focus and investment towards water transport. Water transport presents many benefits like being low cost and low maintenance. Sea and river ports today aren't capable of supporting Brazil's transport needs. Therefore, with this obstacle, this paper consists of an attempt of modeling and simulation of the process of unloading grain cargo from trucks, through simulation with ProModel software, to verify the necessity of installing more tumblers at the cargo unloading station in Porto Murtinho, MS

Análise e simulação de modelos matemáticos para a estimativa da geração de gases em bioprocessos de decomposição anaeróbia de resíduos sólidos em aterros sanitários

Brazil faces a complex problem in respect to municipal solid waste, having been in recent years an increase of its generation without the country there be adequate for proper disposal thereof. In many states , the percentage of waste destined improperly , ie , in dumps , landfills, send- outs , among others , is greater than that disposed in landfills , which would be the most correct way to be made. It can be argued that this discrepancy is due to the high cost of implementation and operation of the landfill, and the same need large areas with physical characteristics that suit their operations . When there is a provision in properly constructed landfills , municipal solid waste grounded generate gases with high potential energy through biochemical reactions during the anaerobic decomposition of organic material stored . Such gases can be used for power generation within the landfill or other economic means . To estimate the gas generation will be sufficient for such economic compensation , there are mathematical models that make estimating the amount of gas produced . These models calculate the energy capacity and generation , using parameters obtained based on the characteristics of solid waste , climate of the region where they are grounded and grounding time . Such models have been raised and studied so that it was possible to perform simulations that demonstrate the behavior of biogas generation related to the external conditions of the landfill that interfere with biological reactions within. The results show differences between the values obtained , it shows that the preparation of the models found and used in the simulations were allocated amounts for different parameters that determine this difference in the estimate . Therefore, to rule, the models have difficulty understanding this because there is no clarity in the formulation of the equations , and the definition of variables and parameters would require a detailed study to...

Uso do modelo de simulação 'ABC 6' para avaliação de áreas sujeitas à ocorrência de ondas de cheia e corridas de massa/detritos: estudo de caso na bacia do Ribeirão da Prata (SP)

Pipelines are linear engineering works, designed mostly for transporting oil and its derivatives for long distances, furnishing even the farthermost zones of the country. Due to oil sector needs to ensure for the safety and conservation of its properties, several geotechnical studies are being held at the pipelines field, in order to preserve this important transportation, and also to prevent accidents, which might seriously compromise the environment and the population who lives around it. The OSBRA pipeline, who connects the city of Paulínia to the capital Brasília, is one of these engineering works that deserves to be pointed out. This research, performed at the Ribeirão da Prata Basin, was a pilot study conducted with the main objective of testing the current methodology efficiency, for future applications in the closest watersheds to the OSBRA pipeline. The objective of this research is to analyze flood wave and debris flow processes in a non-fictional watershed, by comparing two different kinds of methods: the first one based on simulation models (software ‘ABC 6’), and the other one by flood wave and debris flow susceptibility mapping. The results from the hydrological modeling were both hydrographs and ietographs that estimated values of outputs and infiltration. To construct the susceptibility maps were necessary three other maps: ground use and occupation maps, divided according to the different protection degrees that were offered to the ground; maps of dam locations in the area and physiographic compartimentation maps, divided according to the local geology. To complete the methodology, the results were collected from both methods for comparison. The obtained product for this methodology was series of data whose different susceptibility degrees to flood wave and debris flow could define the safest route for a pipeline crossing in this watershed...

Uso do método de Monte Carlo para simulação e detecção do espectro de raios-X gerado com feixes de elétrons em alvo de Molibdênio, utilizando o Geant4

The huge demand for procedures involving ionizing radiation promotes the need for safe methods of experimentation considering the danger of their biological e ects with consequent risk to humans. Brazilian's legislation prohibits experiments involving this type of radiation in humans through Decree 453 of Ministry of Health with determines that such procedures comply with the principles of justi cation, optimization and dose limitation. In this line, concurrently with the advancement of available computer processing power, computing simulations have become relevant in those situations where experimental procedures are too cost or impractical. The Monte Carlo method, created along the Manhattan Project duringWorldWar II, is a powerful strategy to simulations in computational physics. In medical physics, this technique has been extensively used with applications in diagnostics and cancer treatment. The objective of this work is to simulate the production and detection of X-rays for the energy range of diagnostic radiology, for molybdenum target, using the Geant4 toolkit. X-ray tubes with this kind of target material are used in diagnostic radiology, speci cally in mammography, one of the most used techniques for screening of breast cancer in women. During the simulations, we used di erent models for bremsstrahlung available in physical models for low energy, in situations already covered by the literature in earlier versions of Geant4. Our results show that although the physical situations seems qualitatively adequate, quantitative comparisons to available analytical data shows aws in the code of Geant4 Low Energy source

Modelagem e Simulação Computacional das propriedades estruturais, eletrônicas e constantes elásticas do ZnO

The electronic, structural properties and elastic constants of the wurtzite phase of zinc oxide, ZnO, was investigated using computer simulation at Density Functional Theory level, with B3LYP hybrid functional and Hartree-Fock methodology. The electronic properties as well the band energy was investigated through the analysis of the band structures and density of states (DOS), and the mechanical properties was studied through the calculus of the elastic constants C11, C33, C44, C12 e C13. The results are in good agreement with experimental data found in the literature and in accordance with results obtained by another theoretical methodology

Análise teórica e simulação computacional de um sistema de resfriamento líquido de processadores de computadores pessoais

This paper aims to study the thermal aspects involved in a liquid cooling system for processors, analyzing their competitiveness and efficiency across the fins and fan system usually used by personal computers, because electronic components become more potent and consequently current methods of cooling are becoming ineffective. The liquid cooling system and air cooling system have different heat transfer mechanisms that involve mainly convection and conduction heat transfer modes, and, furthermore, requires an analysis of fluid dynamics, which can evaluate the losses involved in the closed system, consisting in an exchanger heat pipe and water blocks in liquid cooling system or heat sink and turbo-axial fan in the air cooling system

Simulação de produção de sedimentos em microbacias em função de cenários de restauração florestal

In São Paulo state, deforestation and agriculture activities are increasing soil losses processes, especially in areas of susceptible soils where properties not adopt soil conservation practices. Environmental adequacy at property level regarding Permanent Protection Areas and Legal Reserves is considered a factor on reducing soil losses and considering that we assessed soil losses of different scenario of environmental adequacy. Simulations of erosive process were carried out in 15 catchments of Corumbataí river basin, according to different forest restoration scenarios, as well as the current situation of land use/land cover. The scenarios include the implementation of Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA), the reforestation of variable source areas, and two scenarios, the Legal Reserve installation in 20% of each catchment, being one of them for most critical areas in terms of erosion and the other at random. It was observed that the establishment of PPA and the reforestation of hydrologically sensitive areas, offered only a small contribution to the control of the erosive process, resulting in a reduction of 10% and 7,8%, respectively, while the legal reserve in critical areas has a significant reduction of 69,8%. The random scenario, in turn, resulted in a reduction of only 21,4%. Results show that reforestation could reduce soil losses, but previous studies of land prioritization and planning could increase significantly its efficiency at this process.

Modelagem de motor de combustão internae simulação do processo de queima de combustível

The internal combustion engine is a heat engine widely used in the automotive industry. In order to better understand its behavior many models in the literature have been proposed in the last years. The 0-D thermodynamic model is a fairly simple tool but it is very useful to understand the phenomenon of combustion inside the chamber of internal combustion engines. In the first phase of this work, an extensive literature review was made in order to get information about this kind of analysis and, after this, apply them in a model able to calculate the instantaneous temperature and pressure in one zone of the combustion chamber of a diesel engine. Therefore some considerations were made with the aim of increasing the accuracy of the model in predicting the correct behavior of the engine, adding the combined effects of heat transfer, leakage and injection. In the second phase, the goal was to study the internal flow of a three-dimensional model of an internal combustion engine. In order to achieve this goal the software Solidworks was used to create the geometries of an engine and the suite of softwares Ansys was used to create the moving mesh (ICEM CFD and CFX-Pre) and to solve the CFD problem (Ansys CFX code). The model was able to perform the air flow simulation during the four-stroke cycle of an engine: admission, compression, expansion and exhaust. The results obtained from both models were suitable and they open a new range of possibilities for future researches on the field

Mapeamento geoestatístico da permeabilidade superficial no entorno do Ribeirão Claro: e simulação da possibilidade de sua contaminação

The evaluation of soil permeability throughout the weathering profile is one of the most important features to be considered in environmental studies. This study, developed from field testing and analysis of data obtained by geostatistical methods, aims at mapping the permeability around the Ribeirão Claro river. The intent is to simulate an accident with toxic liquids where soil permeability is of fundamental importance. Another purpose of the research was to determine the minimum time that, in the event of an accident, a possible contaminant to reach the water table level and be routed to the nearest drain, in this case, the Ribeirao V Claro river constitutes fundamental information. The studied area of approximately 4 km² is located within the UNESP-Rio Claro campus, consisting of colluvial soil from Fm. Rio Claro superimposed on residual soil of Fm. Corumbataí. The method used to determine the permeability is the concentric cylinders performed on a sampling grid with 64 points containing spacing of 5 meters EW and 10 meters NS. In the places of permeability tests were collected samples for laboratory determination of the percentage of fines. From particle size analysis was performed and analysis statistical and geostatistical on this data. The histogram was based on the statistical studies, and the semivariograms were based on geostatistical estimation methods. Based on the comparison between the maps and the data obtained, it was determined that the percentage of fines in colluvial surface soil has little influence on permeability, which the proximity to the Ribeirao Claro river, the eastern portion, a factor that influences the distribution of permeability values

Modelagem matemática e simulação computacional de derrames de óleo em corpos d'água: um estudo de caso na região do Porto de Santos

The objective of this work is to accomplish studies of mathematical modeling and computational simulation of oil spills in water bodies. For this reason, a case study in the region of the Port of Santos was developed using the softwares SisBAHIA and ADIOS2 for the simulation of different hypothetical scenarios of oil spilling on the surface of water, aiming to obtain information that contribute to the reduction of the possible environmental impacts that can be caused by such accidents. The results generated in the different simulations had shown that the obtained data can be extremely useful to subsidize the elaboration of mitigation plans, the mapping of risk areas or even the proposal of emergencial strategies in cases of real accidents, configuring the modeling and the simulation as important and modern tools for the environmental planning and management.

Jogo baseado em simulação de vida artificial

The market of digital games have grown in the last years, becoming popular between many ages, the number of smartphones and tablets users have also showed a recent increase, including the ones using Android as operational system. The main objective of a digital game is the ludic activity but also it can be used as a tool to education, learning and even simulation. This work proposes the development of a game for smartphones or tablet running on Android operational system, this game will simulate living beings in an environment, each one with different behaviors, based in the concepts of artificial live, cellular automata and emergence. This way simulating the behavior of a living being community with a computational base in artificial live and following concepts of game design. The game can represent visually some characteristics of living beings, as well behaviors and interactions between them, in a very simple way. The game can be upgraded in the future to represent better living beings using more details to the simulation of these

Desenvolvimento de um código computacional para simulação e análise de espectros atômicos

The aim of this work was the development a computer code for simulation and analysis of atomic spectra from databases constructed from the literature. There were created four routines that can be useful for spectroscopic studies in the atomic processes of laser isotope separation. In the first routine, Possible Transitions, the program checks the possible electron transitions from an energy level of the atom present in the database considering the selection rules for an electric dipole transition. The second routine, Locator Transitions, checks the possible electronic transitions within a user-specified spectral region. The routine Spectra Simulator creates simulated spectra using the graphical application gnuplot through lorentzian curve and finally, the routine Electronic Temperature determines the temperature of electronic excitation of the atom, thought the Boltzmann Plot Method. To test the reliability of the program there were obtained experimental emission spectra of a hollow cathode discharge of dysprosium and argon as a buffer gas. The hollow cathode discharge has been subjected to different values of operating currents and pressure of inert gas. The spectra obtained were treated with the assistance of program routines developed (Transition Locator and Spectra Simulator) and temperatures electronic excitation of the atoms of dysprosium in the different discharge conditions were calculated (routine Electronic Temperature). The results showed that the electronic excitation temperature of the neutral dysprosium atoms in the hollow cathode discharge increases with increasing current applied to the cathode and also by increasing the gas pressure buffer. The determination coefficients, R2, obtained by the Electronic Temperature routine using the linear adjust of the Boltzmann Plot Method were greater... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)