Maturidade fisiológica das sementes do ipê amarelo, Tabebuia chrysotricha (Mart. Ex DC.) Standl

Ipê amarelo Tabebuia chrysotricha (Mart. Ex DC.) Standl. is a native forest species that presents heavy and durable wood: it is common to be used for urban arborization. The species is latte secondary and heliophyta. Occurs from Espirito Santo State until Santa Catarina in the Pluvial Atlantic Forest (Mata Atlântica). The seedling production is hard because their seeds have short longevity after dispersion, and so due to the difficulty to harvest winged seeds that are quickly dispersed by the wind. The present study was carried out to evaluate the physiological maturity of Ipê Amarelo seeds, to establish the best moment to harvest them. The study was to accompany the maturation of 100 fruits in just beginning development, from eleven different trees. Morphological characteristic measures were made weekly, with fruits still on trees, starting from the second week development when fruits presented the following averages: 6.3 cm length, 0.71 cm thickness, and 0.82 cm width. From the sixth week of fruit development we harvest them to proceed the germination test, water content rate, and electric conductivity test. The germination has begun by the seventh week development with 28% of germinated seedlings. The highest germination rate happened by the eighth week development, with 74.5% of germinated seedlings and on the ninth week the rate decrease to 65.5%, when the seeds were already in dispersion. Through the electric conductivity test the highest value obtained was 378.06 μS.g -1.cm -1 on the seventh week development and the lowest one was 183.28 μpS.g -1.cm -1 on eighth week. These results support those obtained in the germination test, because as higher is the electric conductivity of seeds, as higher is their deterioration level. Finally, the study allows concluding that the physiological maturation of ipê amarelo seeds has occurred before dispersion close to the eighth week development when fruits presented the following averages: 22.2 cm length, 1.37 cm width, and 1.05 cm thickness; water content rate was 61.8% and electric conductivity was 183.28 μS.g -1.cm -1. In that moment, the fruits presented greened brown coloration and started to show fissures.

Comparação entre limiar anaeróbio determinado por variáveis ventilatórias e pela resposta do lactato sanguíneo em ciclistas

Many investigations have shown that the coincidence between the ventilatory thresholds and those thresholds using the lactate response does not happen all of the time, suggesting that there is no relationship between the cause-effect between these phenomena. Thus, the present study had as main purpose to compare and correlate the Oxygen consumption (V̇O 2), the power (W), and the heart rate (HR) values attained using protocols to determine the Ventilatory Threshold (VT) and the Individual Anaerobic Threshold (IAT). The sampling was constituted by eight State and National level cyclists (age: 27.88 ± 8.77 years; body mass: 65.19 ± 4.40 kg; height: 169.31 ± 5,77 cm). The IAT was determined starting from a three minutes 50 W warm up with progressive increases of 50 W.3min -1 up to achieving the voluntary exhaustion, when the blood was collected in the last 20 seconds of each phase, and during the recovering period. In order to determine the VT, it was used the same protocol used to determine the IAT, but without performing the blood collection. The VT was identified through the changes in the pulmonary ventilation, as well as of the ventilatory equivalent of the O 2 and CO 2. The t-Student test showed no significant statistical difference in any of the attained variables. The associations found were high and significant. The V̇O 2 (ml.kg -1.min. -1), P (W), and HR (bpm) corresponding to the VT and IAT, as well as the associations between variables were respectively: 48.00 ± 3.82 vs. 48.08 ± 3.71 (r = 0.90); 256.25 ± 32.04 vs. 246.88 ± 33.91 (r = 0.84); 173.75 ± 9.18 vs. 171.25 ± 12.02 (r = 0.97). According to the results attained, it can be concluded that the IAT and the VT produce similar V̇O 2, W, and HR values, favoring the adoption of the VT because it is a non-invasive method to determine the anaerobic threshold in cyclists.

Avaliação da resposta à quimioterapia primária em amostra de mulheres brasileiras com tumores de mama localmente avançados

PURPOSE: to evaluate the loco-regional response to primary chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer at stages II and III. METHODS: a retrospective and analytical clinical study carried out in 97 patients with an average age of 52.2 years old, with breast cancer at stages II and III, attended from January 1993 to December 2004, and submitted to 3 to 4 cycles of primary chemotherapy with 5-fl uorouracil - 500 mg/m2, epirubicin - 50 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide - 500 mg/m2 or doxorubicin - 50 mg/m2 e cyclophosphamide - 500 mg/m2, and then to loco-regional surgical conservative or radical surgical treatment. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to study the association among the variables (age, menopausal state, pre-chemotherapy tumoral volume, axillary condition, stage, therapeutic scheme and number of cycles), while Pearson's correlation coefficient was used for the quantitative variables (tumoral volume according to the anatomo-pathological study and the post-chemotherapy clinical tumoral volume. The significance level was 5%. RESULTS: there were 56.8% of cases at stage II and 43.2% at stage III. Approximately 50% of the patients received FEC50 and 50% AC. Objective clinical response with primary chemotherapy was obtained in 64.9% of the cases. Full clinical response occurred in 12.3% of patients, while full pathological response occurred in 10.3% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: there was a statistically significant correlation between the number of cycles and the response to primary chemotherapy. Patients who received 4 cycles had better response than those who received 3 cycles. There was also a statistically significant concordance between the evaluation through clinical examination of the response to primary chemotherapy and the pathological findings. No statistically significant correlation was observed concerning age, menopausal status, tumoral volume, and pretreatment of axillary damage.

Correção da sodicidade de dois solos irrigados em resposta à aplicação de gesso agrícola

The chemical and physical degradation of the soils by salinity and sodicity problems constitutes a serious obstacle in productive irrigated areas in arid and semi-add regions. In order to eval mate the effect of gypsum on electrical conductivity, pH, exchangeable sodium percentage, sodium, calcium and magnesium content in saturation extract and exchangeable sodium of two saline-sodic soils: one from irrigated Perimeter Engenheiro Arco Verde in the municipality of Condado and another from irrigated Perimeter of São Gonçalo, in the municipality of Sousa both in the Paraiba State Brazil, an experiment was carried out in green house of the Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Rural, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, Brazil, in a factorial design 2 × 5 referring the two soils and five gypsum levels equivalent to 0; 3.2; 6.3; 9.4 and 12.5 g kg-1 to each soil. The gypsum application exercised positive effects on reduction of salinity and sodicity. The values of electrical conductivity, exchangeable sodium percentage, pH and contents of soluble and exchangeable sodium in relation to data of the soils before application of treatments with gypsum in both the soils were found to decrease.

Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de Sebastiania commersoniana (Baill.) Smith & Downs (branquilho - Euphorbiaceae) durante o armazenamento

This paper aims to evaluate the physiological quality of Sebastiania commersoniana seeds stored in cloth bag, plastic bag and glass container and kept in two conditions: laboratory workbench and cold chamber (4 ± 2°C e 80% relative humidity - RH) for 531 days. Periodically, samples were taken in order to determine the moisture content and to perform germination tests. The experimental design was completely randomized, in factorial scheme of 3 × 2 (wrappings × conditions), for each period of storage evaluated (0, 158, 271, 389 and 531 days of storage). Supplementary, a polynomial regression was adjusted in order to describe the physiological quality of the seeds for the different conditions during the experimental period. The results lead to the following considerations: a) storage under variable temperature and air humidity (laboratory workbench) can be used for periods of over five and a half months, with the seeds stored in cloth bag, plastic bag or glass container; b) the physiological quality of the seeds was not hardly altered when stored in cold chamber in cloth bag, plastic bag and glass container for over 18 months.

Avaliação de genótipos de soja em semeadura de inverno, em Selvíria, MS: Produção e qualidade fisiológica de sementes

The sowing of soybean out of the conventional period is an option for the production of seeds with high physiological quality. On the other hand, this fact makes necessary the search for cultivars adapted to new environmental conditions. Therefore, additional research is needed to supply more information to producers related to the choice of the most suited cultivars with regard to high seed quality. This research was conducted in Selvíria, MS, Brazil in which the cultivars FT-2000, FT-Inaê, Embrapa 20 (Doko RC), CAC-1, IAC-17, IAC-18, IAC-19, IAC-8-2, FT-101, FT-109, MT/ BR 45 (Paiaguás), MT/BR 50 (Parecis), MT/BR 52 (Curió), MT/BR 53 (Tucano), MT/BR 47 (Canário), MT/BR 49 (Pioneira), BRSMT Uirapuru, BR Emgopa 314 (Garça Branca), MG/BR 46 (Conquista), FT-Estrela, FT-Cometa, Dourados, JAB-11, BR 9 (Savana), FT-Abyara, Embrapa 30 (Vale do Rio Doce), Embrapa 9 (Bays), Embrapa 31 (Mina), IAC-16; IAS 5, EMGOPA-304, and IAC-Foscarin 31 were studied. These cultivars were sown on June 5, 1998, and evaluated both for agronomic characteristics and the physiological potential of the seeds. The experimental units were arranged in the field according to a randomized complete block design with five replicates. The cultivars more adapted to the climatic conditions were Parecis, Bays, CAC-1, Garça Branca, Paiaguás, Pioneira, and IAC-16. It was concluded that winter sowing should start at the beginning of May, with water supply, since June was found to be too late.

Qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) provenientes do estado de Goiás

The common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a fabacea sufficiently spread out in all domestic territory. However, the quality of its seeds represents one of the main causes of low productivity in the beans farmings in Brazil. The objective of this work was to evaluate physiological and sanitary seed qualities of eleven bean cultivars. The physiological seed quality was evaluated trough standard germination and vigor tests. The sanitary seed quality was evaluated through two tests: blotter test was employed to evaluate fungi incidence and Koch & Menten method was employed to observe Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary occurrence. Xamego, BRS Valente, Bambu and Pérola had the best results of physiological tests. Jalo Precoce, Roxo 90, Corrente and Aporé had no good results of vigor and germination, besides presenting the lowest indices of died seeds. Fusarium sp., Aspergillus spp., Penicillium sp., Phoma sp., Rhizopus sp. and Botrytis sp. were the fungi detected in the sanity tests.

Resposta do manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivado em solos corrigidos com calcário e escória silicatada: Caracterí sticas agronômicas e produção de matéria seca

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Testes de vigor para avaliação da qualidade fisiológica de sementesde Sebastiania commersoniana (Baill.) Smith & Downs.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of different vigor tests to assess S. commersoniana seeds physiological quality during storage. Therefore, seeds were stored in cloth bags, plastic bags and glass containers for 531 days, both at room temperature and in a cold chamber. Periodically samples were taken and the following tests were conducted: standard germination, germination speed index, first count after germination, seedlings fresh and dry matter, electrical conductivity (imbibitions for 2 and 24 hours) and accelerated aging, in order to monitoring the seeds physiologic quality. Data were submitted to polynomial regression analysis, for each of the combination of packaging/storage condition. The results obtained led to the following considerations: a) the speed germination index and the accelerated aging test permitted a good evaluation of the seed-lots quality; b) the first count of germination did not allow any prediction about seed lots vigor; c) seedling fresh and dry matter did not discriminate among seed lots; d) electrical conductivity test after 2 h imbibitions was not adequate to evaluate the seed lots vigor and e) the electric conductivity test with 24 h imbibitions was more adequate to differentiate among seed lots, but with little efficiency to discriminate among seed lots with intermediate vigor or with low quality differences.

Biometria e qualidade fisiológica de sementes de diferentes matrizes de Tabebuia chrysotricha (Mart. Ex A. DC.) Stand I.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Tratamento hepatoprotetor favorece a resposta leucocitária de ratos wistar intoxicados por CCL4

The aims of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of hepatoprotective treatments with a compound prepared by the association of N-Acetyl DL-Methionine (5%) + Choline chloride (2%) + Caffeine (1%) + Thiamine hydrochloride (1%) + Nicotinamida (0,5%)+ Pyridoxine hydrochloride (0.04%), administered through intramuscular (IM) route, at doses of 0.2, 0.6 and 1.0 mL/kg of BW, through the study of leukocytes responses in rats submitted to acute intoxication with CCl4. 147 females were randomized into 21 groups, performing five different treatments, which were evaluated seven animals in four periods: two, four, six and eight days after CCl4-induced intoxication. In this study, it was observed absolute eosinophilia and monocytosis in animals untreated and treated with the lowest dose of 0.2 mL. These responses were significantly better in animals treated with 0.6 and 1.0 mL/ kg BW. The untreated animals showed thrombocytopenia, when compared to treated animals. Absolute neutropenia and lymphocytosis was observed in all rats intoxicated with CCl4, there is no difference among treatments. The analysis of white blood cells demonstrated that the hepatoprotective treatments favored the leukocyte response, by act beneficially on the population of these cells, supporting the hypothesis that these events may reduce the deleterious effects in liver tissue after intoxication by CCl4.

Avaliação da reatividade cruzada entre antígenos de Leishmania spp e Trypanosoma cruzi na resposta sorológica de cães pela técnica de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI)

Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonosis caused by Leishmania spp. protozoa. Dog is the main parasite's reservoir, especially in urban areas. Indirect Immunofluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) is commonly used for canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) diagnosis, by detection of antibodies against the parasite. However, Trypanosoma cruzi (T.cruzi) cross reactions can occur in serological diagnosis. In order to evaluate the occurrence of cross reactions between antigens of Leishmania spp. and T.cruzi, 150 blood samples of CVL epidemiological inquiry positive dogs were collected and sera were tested by IFAT. Dogs were culled at Zoonosis Control Center of Bauru (SP), an endemic area for VL. Another 150 dogs' blood samples were collected in Botucatu (SP), a non endemic area for LV, and sera were also tested by IFAT. Serum samples of dogs from Bauru were positive, both for Leishmania spp. and for T. cruzi, showing high cross-reactions incidence, reinforcing the need of diagnosis confirmation by other tests. Serum samples of dogs from Botucatu demonstrated low prevalence of positive results by IFAT, both for Leishmania spp. and T.cruzi. However, despite the low number of positive serological results for these parasites, the epidemiological and serological investigation for LV and Chagas disease in dogs from Botucatu must be kept, considering the importance of dog as domestic reservoir for both parasites.

Resposta imune e capacidade de neutralização de anticorpos produzidos em ovinos jovens imunizados com veneno de Crotalus durissus terrificus nativo e irradiado com Cobalto 60

The ELISA technique was used to evaluate and compare young ovine humoral immune response during crotalic antiserum production. Animals were clinically evaluated throughout this process, and the neutralizing capacity of antisera raised against natural (NV) and Cobalt-60 irradiated (IrV) venoms of Crotalus durissus terrificus (C.d.t.) was verified by means of in vitro challenges. Three groups of six animals each were used: G1 received NV; G2 was inoculated with IrV; and G3 was used as control. Animals received six immunizations during 84 days at 14-day intervals. ELISA of antibody profile showed significant difference (p<5%) between experimental groups (G1

Resposta plasmática de glicose e insulina em eqüinos alimentados com diferentes fontes de amido

This study was aimed to measure the plasmatic response of glucose and insulin of horses fed diets containing different starch sources, like corn, oat, sorghum and a mix of corn and oat in equal parts. Four standarbred gelding 36 month old an weighing average of 350 kg were used in a Latin Square 4 x 4 (four animals, four treatments and four period) trial design. No statistical differences were observed in plasmatic glucose levels either before or after ingestion between treatments. Maximum plasmatic level of glucose was observed in all diets two and a half hours post ingestion. Insulin plasmatic level was significantly lower before ingestion in horses treated with the mixed corn and oat diet, when compared with the other treatments. In the other hand, the insulin plasmatic level in horses fed corn-formulated diet was statistically higher than the others treatments at three hours and a half after ingestion. Diets containing different sources of starch had no effect in time neither quantity of glucose absorbed in small intestine. Variation observed in insulin plasmatic levels indicate that a proper feeding can have a regulatory effect of this hormone, avoiding undesirable's behaviors.

Qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de mamona submetidas a diferentes tratamentos químicos

The use of fungicides for treating seeds has become an essential measure in the control of pathogens. However, the effectiveness of many products is not well-known to some crops. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of different doses of carbendazin and carboxin + thiram fungicides for controlling pathogens and their interference on the physiologic quality of castor bean seeds. The test consisted of the following treatments (g i.a./100 kg of seeds): carbendazin (15, 30, and 60), carboxin + thiram (25 + 25, 50 + 50, and 100 + 100), formol 0.15% (v/v), and control (distilled water). The physiologic quality of the seeds was determined by germination, first counting, field emergence, speed emergence index, length, fresh and dry weight of the aerial part, and electrical conductivity. There were no statistical differences for germination and fresh and dry matter index. The treatment with formol provided lower values for first counting and field emergence. Seeds treated with fungicides presented higher values for electrical conductivity, but did not differ, statistically, among themselves. The fungi Cladosporium spp.; Bipolaris spp.; Curvularia spp.; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus niger; Rhizopus sp.; Penicillium sp.; Rhizoctonia sp.; Verticillium sp.; Fusarium sp.;Arthrobotrys sp.; and Epicocum sp. were identified. All tested products, independently of the dose, provided efficient control for pathogens.