Efeito da vinhaça na membrana impermeabilizante usada nos tanques de armazenamento

This work evaluated the effect of vinasse (residue from sugar cane) in high density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembranes having in mind that it is deposited at temperatures of 80-90˚C on the geomembrane in storage tanks. The objective was to evaluate the resistance of the geomembrane in contact with residue in a total period of 4 months. Physical and mechanical tests, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to determine degradation of polymer membranes after chemical immersion. In general, the results obtained show that the vinasse affected the geomembranes significantly in some aspects, for instance, the thickness of the material presented a variation of 7.8%. The average values in both directions at yielding showed a significant loss of tensile strength (34.13%) and strain (23.48%) and an increase in the modulus of elasticity (9.63%). At the rupture the behavior presented the same trend: a loss of 32% for tensile strength and 24.4% for the deformation were observed. Tear strength presented small decrease (4.72%) and puncture resistance a increase of 7.9% after immersion of geomembranes. The TGA tests were not efficient to detect evidence of degradation in samples of geomembranes after exposures, but identified problems in the quality of the supplied material.

Nonlinear ball and beam control system identification

The Ball and Beam system is a common didactical experiment in control laboratories that can be used to illustrate many different closed-loop control techniques. The plant itself is subjected to many nonlinear effects, which the most common comes from the relative motion between the ball and the beam. The modeling process normally uses the lagrangean formulation. However, many other nonlinear effects, such as non-viscous friction, beam flexibility, ball slip, actuator elasticity, collisions at the end of the beam, to name a few, are present. Besides that, the system is naturally unstable. In this work, we analyze a subset of these characteristics, in which the ball rolls with slipping and the friction force between the ball and the beam is non-viscous (Coulomb friction). Also, we consider collisions at the ends of the beam, the actuator consists of a (rubber made) belt attached at the free ends of the beam and connected to a DC motor. The model becomes, with those nonlinearities, a differential inclusion system. The elastic coefficients of the belt are experimentally identified, as well as the collision coefficients. The nonlinear behavior of the system is studied and a control strategy is proposed.

Diffusion of oxygen in Ti-15Mo-xZr alloys studied by anelastic spectroscopy

Because of their low elasticity modulus, titanium alloys have excellent biocompatibility, and are largely used in orthopedic prostheses. Among the properties that are beneficial for use in orthopedic implants is the elasticity modulus, which is closely connected to the crystal structure of the material. Interstitial elements, such as oxygen, change the mechanical properties of the material. Anelastic spectroscopy measurements are a powerful tool for the study of the interaction of these elements with the metallic matrix and substitutional solutes, providing information on the diffusion and concentration of interstitial elements. In this study, the effect of oxygen on the anelastic properties of alloys in the Ti-15Mo-Zr system was analyzed using anelastic spectroscopy measurements. The diffusion coefficients, pre-exponential factors, and activation energies of these alloys were calculated for oxygen.

The influence of heat treatment on the structure and microstructure of Ti-15Mo-xNb system alloys for biomedical applications

The Ti-15Mo-xNb system integrates a new class of titanium alloys without the presence of aluminum and vanadium, which exhibit cytotoxicity, and that have low elasticity modulus values (below 100 GPa). This occurs because these alloys have a beta structure, which is very attractive for use as biomaterials. In addition, Brazil has about 90% of the world’s resources of niobium, which is very important economically. It strategically invests in research on the development and processing of alloys containing this element. In this paper, a study of the influence of heat treatments on the structure and microstructure of the alloys of a Ti-15Mo-xNb system is presented. The results showed grain grown with heat treatment and elongated and irregular grains after lamination due to this processing. After quenching, there were no changes in the microstructure in relation to heat-treated and laminated conditions. These results corroborate the x-ray diffraction results, which showed the predominance of the β phase.

Influence of moisture content in some mechanical properties of two brazilian tropical wood species

This study aimed, with the aid of analysis of variance (ANOVA), to investigate and quantify the influence of moisture ranging between 12% and over 30% (fiber saturation) on the mechanical properties: strength and modulus of elasticity in compression and in tension parallel to grain; modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity in static bending; shear strength parallel to grain considering wood species Ipê (Tabebuia sp) and Angelim Araroba (Vataireopsis araroba). Tests were performed according to the assumptions and calculating methods Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 7190, Anexx B, totalizing 400 tests. Results of ANOVA revealed a significant reduction (16% on average) for mechanical properties wood due to the increase in moisture content from 12% to over 30% (fiber saturation). The same behavior also occurred when assembly containing the two species was considered.

Evaluation of bamboo particleboards produced with urea-formaldheyde resin

The bamboo waste can be an alternative material to sustain the crescent demand for particleboards, also bringing ecological benefits as reduction of the pressure for raw materials and landfill space demands. In this context, this research aimed to manufacture and determine some physical and mechanical properties of particleboards with bamboo waste particles (Dendrocalamus giganteus), obtained from different sources, bonded with four different percentages of urea–formaldehyde (UF) based resin (6%, 8%, 10% and 12% related to dry material of particles). Response variables investigated were: density; moisture content; thickness swelling in 2 and 24 hours; water absorption in 2 and 24 hours; internal adhesion (STpe); strength in tension parallel to faces (STpa); modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR). Results permitted to conclude that particleboards as mentioned showed good performance only in the physical properties requirements imposed by Brazilian Standard NBR 14810, but this was not observed to mechanical properties considered. New researches are needed in order to optimize the producing process parameters.

Influence of storage period of pieces in stiffness of pinus elliottii Glulam Beams

This study aimed to investigate the influence of storage time (0, 48 hours) of Pinus elliottii pieces and the tests to obtaining modulus of elasticity (static bending and transversal vibration) in glued laminated timber beams, produced with resorcinol based adhesive and 0.8 MPa compaction pressure. After pieces were properly prepared, part of them was used in immediate three manufacturing glulam beams, tested after adhesive cure, and part stored for 48 hours under a roof with a temperature of 25°C and relative humidity of 60% for subsequent manufacturing and testing three other glulam beams. Results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the storage period was significant influence in modulus of elasticity obtained in static bending test (8% reduction from 0 to 48 hours). This not occurred with modulus of elasticity obtained by transversal vibration test (no significant influence). ANOVA results showed equivalence of means in both test procedures. New researches ire needed to better understand the investigated phenomenon, using new wood species, other storage conditions and a great number of samples.

Influence of the number of load cycles to obtain the stiffness properties of angico preto (Anadenanthera macrocarpa) wood specie

The tests used to obtain the stiffness properties of wood are made with two loading cycles, as defined by the Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 7190 (Design of Timber Structures). However, the possibility of reducing the number of cycles allows decrease the operating time of the machine, resulting in reduced spending on electricity used during the tests. This research aimed to investigate, with the aid of the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the influence of the use of three load cycles to obtain the modulus of elasticity in compression parallel to grain (Ec0), in tensile parallel to the grain (Et0), in bending (Em) and in compression perpendicular to the grain (Ec90) of Angico Preto (Anadenanthera macrocarpa) wood specie. For the number of cycles and stiffness were manufactured 12 samples, totaling 144 specimens. The results of the ANOVA revealed statistical equivalence between the stiffness properties for both load cycle numbers evaluated, indicating that it is possible to carry out the tests with a single charge cycle, allowing savings in time and energy in the operation of the equipment.

Propriedades físico-mecânicas de painéis de mdp (medium density particleboard) constituído de bambu e fibra de coco

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Síntese e caracterização de nanocompósitos constituídos por nanoargila e hidrogel para uso agrícola

Pós-graduação em Ciência dos Materiais - FEIS

Análises físico-químicas e biológicas de diferentes scaffolds à base de polihidroxibutirato e polihidroxibutirato-co-valerato

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Características do aço API X70 utilizado em tubos de transporte de petróleo e gás

Having in mind that petroleum's history presents a huge growth, the exploration and production areas have been receiving lots of investments, in order to attend the increasing demand for gas and petroleum. Looking through that scenario, new technologies have been evolving in favor of discovering new natural petroleum deposits and act with effectiveness in truly deep waters without giving up the worldwide best operational security practices. The use of rigid pipes in marine installations have been rising quickly and, thanks to this reality, the many storage and pipe launching forms became study objects and are getting improved. The analysis of steel API X70 characteristics, proving that they are suitable for use in pipes developed to transport gas and petroleum is the theme of this presentation. A tensile test was conducted to determine the base metal's mechanical properties, draining's tension, traction's resistance, elasticity's modulus and maximum tension. An aspect that is concerning too is the metallographic analysis, in order to determine the studied iron's microstructure. Results of analyzes showed that the steel has high resistance, with good capacity for deformation and well defined yield point, concluding suitable for the application in question

Estudo do efeito Bauschinger em tubos de aço API 5l x70 aplicados no transporte de petróleo e gás

Despite the growing concern in seeking more sustainable energy sources, oil demand is likely to grow in coming years. To keep up with this growth, the oil industry has increasingly invested in innovation and efficiency. Knowing that, new technologies have been developed to explore deeper waters, without giving up the best practices in worldwide operational safety. The use of rigid pipelines in deepwater offshore facilities is increasing quickly and because of this, the ways of storing and launching pipe have been studied and perfected. In this paper the Bauschinger effect on API 5L X70 steel was analyzed proving that there was a reduction in yield strength when an effort was applied in a previous direction, then an effort was then applied in the opposite direction. To observe this phenomenon, the tensile test was conducted to determine the mechanical properties of the base metal, such as yield stress, tensile strength, elasticity and maximum tensile, so then compare it with the results obtained in the Bauschinger Effect Test. The analysis results showed that the steel had high resistance, with good plastic deformation capacity without failing, well-defined yield point, showing itself appropriate for the operation of oil and gas pipes