Doenças respiratórias e fatores associados: estudo de base populacional em São Paulo, 2008-2009

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de bronquite aguda, rinite e sinusite em crianças e adolescentes e identificar fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, de base populacional. Foi realizado inquérito domiciliar com 1.185 crianças e adolescentes de São Paulo, SP, de 2008 a 2009. Os participantes foram selecionados a partir de amostragem probabilística, estratificada por sexo e idade e por conglomerados em dois estágios. Para análise ajustada foi realizada regressão múltipla de Poisson. RESULTADOS: Dos entrevistados, 7,3% referiram bronquite aguda, 22,6% rinite e 15,3% sinusite. Após análise ajustada, associaram-se à bronquite aguda auto-referida: idade de zero a quatro anos (RP = 17,86; IC95%: 3,65;90,91), cinco a nove anos (RP = 37,04; IC95%: 8,13;166,67), dez a 14 anos (RP = 20,83; IC95%: 4,93;90,91), referir ter alergia (RP = 3,12; IC95%: 1,70;5,73), cor da pele preta/parda (RP = 2,29; IC95%: 1,21;4,35) e morar em domicílio com um a três cômodos (RP = 1,85; IC95%: 1,17;2,94); à rinite auto-referida: idade dez a 14 anos (RP = 2,77; IC95%: 1,60;4,78), 15 a 19 anos (RP = 2,58; IC95%: 1,52;4,39), referir ter alergia (RP = 4,32; IC95%: 2,79;6,70), referir ter asma (RP = 2,30; IC95%: 1,30;4,10) e morar em apartamento (RP = 1,70; IC95%: 1,06;2,73); à sinusite auto-referida: idade cinco a nove anos (RP = 2,44; IC95%: 1,09;5,43), dez a 14 anos (RP = 2,99; IC95%: 1,36;6,58), 15 a 19 anos (RP = 3,62; IC95%: 1,68;7,81), referir ter alergia (RP = 2,23; IC95%: 1,41;3,52) e apresentar obesidade (RP = 4,42; IC95%: 1,56;12,50). CONCLUSÕES: As doenças respiratórias foram mais prevalentes em grupos populacionais com características definidas, como grupo etário, doenças auto-referidas, tipo de moradia e obesidade.

Estratégia saúde da família e adolescência: as necessidades de cuidados e recursos utilizados em saúde mental

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans em pacientes com síndrome de down: influência da condição periodontal e higiene bucal

Patients with Down syndrome have varying degrees of mental retardation, physical and motor, and apparently are more susceptible to infectious diseases. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in saliva and subgingival biofilms and above of children and adolescents with Down syndrome and analyze the influence of diet, socioeconomic and cultural factors and periodontal condition. After assessing the socio-economic and behavioral, were collected clinical specimens, which were transported to the laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology FOA-UNESP for detection of microorganisms by molecular method and periodontal conditions were evaluated according to the Periodontal Screening Index and Recording. The control group consisted of individuals without the syndrome. The results were analyzed by chi-square test for proportion analysis of variables with three or more categories, or the Mann-Whitney test. The data analysis of this study showed that the occurrence of A. actinomycetemcomitans ranged from 0.0% to 25.0%, both in the group of patients with Down syndrome, as for the control group and this was not affected by socioeconomic characteristics of the target population, either by oral hygiene standards

Notificação de violência contra criança: conhecimento e comportamento dos profissionais de saúde

Introduction: The violence against children and teenagers severely damages physical health and psychological development of their victims. Health professionals are in a strategic position to detect cases of assault and legally obliged to report such cases, even suspected. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the knowledge of health professionals who work in the National Health System (SUS) on reporting of violence against children and adolescents. Methods: We conducted interviews with 54 primary care team of four cities from the region of São José do Rio Preto. Results: Through the study could be seen that 92.6% of respondents suspected or witnessed violence against children exercising their profession in the SUS. About Order 1968/2001, 75.5% of practitioners claim ignoring it. 96.2% were not informed about completing the notification form of violence. 88.9% do not know about the existence of the same workplace. The association between obtaining information on work and the act of notification was significant (p = 0.0276). Conclusion: The professionals are still unaware of the legal issues related to notification. It is suggested that the training of them to deal with the bureaucratic side of the issue, once notify contributes to the delineation of the epidemiology of violence and consequent development of public policies

Situação de rua e evasão escolar: atenção para a educação inclusiva

This paper aims to present a study about the importance of Education as a public policy for the integral development of children and adolescents in street situation. As theoretical foundation, the authors used constructs from the National Policy of Special Education in the perspective of Inclusive Education, the Statute of the Child and Adolescent emphasizing the importance of family and social networks as a way to protect children and adolescents who left school and live under the precarious situation of street. In this sense, the National Policy of Special Education in the perspective of Inclusive Education has just pointed to the issues that pass by the inclusion of these children and adolescents to put them back to school. To do this, it is necessary to implement policies designed to the care of children and adolescents victimized by the living on the streets.

Encoprese e intervenção psicológica: revisão de literatura

Studies have shown that encopresis, related to bowel control disorder, can bring significant impact for the individual life, such as low self-esteem and deficits in social interaction. Despite the significant impairment recognized that this disorder can have on child development, the scientific literature has given little attention to the theme, with a low number of publications on the subject. Thus, this paper investigated Brazilian publications in psychology related to encopresis between 1994 and 2013 in data base Lilacs and Scielo. 231 articles were found and were selected those that reported only intervention in encopresis. There were five articles and four published by the same journal and described behavioral interventions, and one author wrote three. The other one was psychoanalytic. The surveys were conducted with children and adolescents and behavioral interventions have been successful with remission of encopresis symptoms. The data affirm the deficiency in publications in the area and possibly limited number of psychologists investigating the issue, which is of significant importance.

A inclusão de estudantes com deficiência intelectual na educação básica primária da Colômbia: políticas públicas e práticas pedagógicas / Diego Fernando Rosero Ruiz

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Copa do Mundo 2014: a exploração da imagem dos jogadores

O futebol é uma das modalidades mais praticadas no mundo. Atualmente, estima-se que se tenha cerca de 3,5 bilhões de praticantes desta modalidade, sejam eles de forma profissional, ou no âmbito do lazer. Por consequência, o futebol torna-se um grande influenciador do comportamento social de crianças e adolescentes, transmitindo elementos para interpretação do mundo, confrontando, muitas vezes, com a escola e a família na formação de valores. Através das mídias, o futebol é disseminado mundo afora, por meio de transmissão de jogos, cobertura de campeonatos, programas exclusivos de futebol e publicidade, em que são exploradas as imagens dos atletas para venda dos mais variados produtos. Sendo assim, o objetivo desse estudo se pautou num levantamento, em que foram analisadas propagandas publicitárias nacionais ocorridas nos meses de Junho, Julho e Agosto de 2014, em mídia impressa, buscando compreender o tipo de publicidade exercida e quais jogadores ficaram em evidência. Para isso, a metodologia deste estudo foi do tipo qualitativa e descritiva, em que realizou-se uma análise documental acerca dos principais referenciais da área investigada, como reportagens e propagandas em jornal (Folha de São Paulo) e revistas (IstoÉ e Veja). Os resultados obtidos culminaram em três categorias temáticas, sendo elas: atletas atuais x atletas antigos; atletas cobertos x desnudos: corpos que são vendidos?; e tamanho da publicidade e relação com o megaevento. Na primeira categoria, viu-se ambas as gerações tiveram suas imagens associadas a atletas campeões, como forma de incentivo à busca do hexacampeonato. Na segunda categoria, verificou-se que os corpos dos atletas vendiam mais que produtos, vendiam status, eram retratados como símbolos a serem alcançados. Por fim, na última categoria, foram encontradas evidências que tanto o tamanho quanto as características das publicidades foram distintas no decorrer da Copa do Mundo...

Avaliação audiológica em pacientes com doenças reumáticas pediátricas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análise de um processo avaliativo do jogo de handebol

Handball is a team sport invasion, much practiced in Brazilian schools. There are different teaching methods of team sport, and with them different evaluation methods, this study aims to analyze the shared evaluation process of building course with students of a handball design of a municipal school in Bauru in sports initiation and at the end submit an evaluation process. For this study students of a municipal school participants handball classes in the opposite time of curricular classes underwent an interview, besides having been recorded them playing a handball game with number of small participants at the beginning of the post holiday classes July and another three months later as a form of evaluation. After reviewing the videos and interviews, it was concluded that some students had a game performance improves when they were part of the attack, and also had a behavioral improvement, both from actions taken in the game, as respect to the next, thus interpreted by the students themselves. Although it is a difficult task to analyze and quantify the performance of students in Physical Ed classes can complete some improvements, moreover is valid Professor hear the views of students to understand the vision that students have of themselves during the game

Circo social: uma ação da educação física na educação não formal

This work is the fruitful result of the desire to conduct a collaborative investigation through Circus Arts with children and adolescents at social (vulnerability) risk. Thus, the very objective of the rese arch was to analyze and understand Social Circus action possibilities on non-formal education as a (viable) job option for Physical Education teachers. This research was developed through qualitative research using Field Notes as the main instrument for the meetings' data collection, which took place from May to December 2015. In general terms, the research was divided into three phases, the former was carried out at a state school through the Escola da Família Program, (which consists of the opening of all public schools on weekends, offering to the communities extra activities) and the latter two in Shelter Homes for adolescents. The results showed that there were some (considerable) difficulties throughout and some gaps in our society that become evident on the poor. Furthermore, the results also confirm the possibility of the Physical Education teachers' participation in other sectors of the society, through the non-formal Education perspective and the possibility of Social Circus as the (fundamental) instrument of this action

Problemas de comportamento de crianças/adolescentes e dificuldades de pais/cuidadores: um estudo de caracterização

Famílias que estimulam comportamentos socialmente habilidosos parecem favorecer o desenvolvimento social de seus filhos. Assim, intervir no relacionamento dos pais parece ser uma saída para minimizar indicativos de problemas de comportamento. Para uma efetiva intervenção é recomendado especificar as demandas das pessoas que procuram por atendimento, seja através da caracterização do repertório de pais e cuidadores, seja da caracterização das dificuldades e/ou habilidades das crianças e/ou adolescentes. O objetivo da pesquisa foi o de caracterizar, através de uma Entrevista Clínica Semiestruturada, queixas e dificuldades de 59 pais/cuidadores que buscaram atendimento psicológico em um Centro de Psicologia Aplicada. Os resultados principais são: a) queixas de problemas externalizantes, tais como agressividade, desobediência e birras; b) dificuldades dos pais/cuidadores quanto às habilidades envolvidas no estabelecer limites (bater e não ter consistência) e na comunicação. Discute-se a interdependência entre os comportamentos dos adultos e crianças/adolescentes e repercussões para futuras intervenções.

Caracterização de programas de intervenção com crianças e/ou adolescentes

The objective was to present a descriptive analysis of interventions to prevent and/or reduce children's and/or adolescents' problem behaviors. The study reviewed 192 abstracts from journal articles published between the 1986 and June 2006, available on the following databases: Index-Psi/Periódicos, Lilacs, PsycInfo, Scielo and Medline. Categories of analysis focused on bibliography, method, and studies' results. Data-analysis showed that most of the studies focused on groups and families, and samples with more than 30 participants. Study designs were experimental and quasi-experimental, combining observation and self report or just self report for data collection. Result analysis suggests that the intervention programs contributed specially for reducing behavior problems, and improving parental practices. Discussion evaluates contributions of the study and gaps in knowledge.

Estratégias utilizadas por crianças, adolescentes e adultos na resolução de problemas cognitivos: um estudo da EJA

Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC