Proposta metodológica para a correção do coeficiente de retorno de esgoto sanitário em unidades com sistemas de aproveitamento de água pluvial

The use of rainwater for non-potable purposes generates a reduction in the consumption of treated water, however, this reduction is not observed in the generation of wastewater, as this is independent of the water source. In Brazil, the pricing on the services of collection and treatment of sewage, in general, is based on the coefficient of return of the sewage disposal system, which has a relation sewer / water proportional to the consumption of treated water measured at the consumer unit. The use of rainwater originating from utilization systems infer on the coefficient, underestimating the volume of wastewater generated. Therefore, this study presents a methodology for setting the coefficient of return. Different roof areas, reservoir volumes and rates of water consumption situations were simulated. The behavior of adjustment of the coefficient of return were also analyzed for the average area per capita roof (m² / inhabitant) of Rio Claro - SP. As a result, it can be seen that the adjustment of the coefficient of return is directly proportional to the increase of the roof areas and the volumes of reservoirs, and inversely proportional to the total water demand. The corrected coefficient of return showed the minimum value of 0.83 and a maximum value of 1.45, this variation corresponds to the maximum ratio between the demands of total water and rainwater, since the exploitation of rain water should be used only for non-potable uses, according to NBR 15527 / 07. To the municipality of Rio Claro - SP was noted an adjustment of the coefficient of return ranging from 0.99 to 6.61

Estudo do fenômeno de instabilidade de estruturas cilíndricas de paredes finas submetidas ao carregamento de pressão externa

Thin walled cylindrical shells are widely used in many areas of industry, including civil, mechanical, nuclear, marine, petroleum and aerospace engineering. The wide application of thin cylindrical shells and the importance of instability phenomenon are the motivation basis to this study, since these factors have a great importance in engineering projects. It is presented a detailed study about the instability of cylindrical shells based on theoretical calculation, which results are compared with finite elements method calculation. The loading and boundary conditions analyzed are based on the most common types verified in real engineering projects and refer respectively to lateral (external) pressure and cylinders with simply supported edges. The calculation based on the finite elements method was executed with ANSYS 13.0 software. The results obtained with this calculation are in good agreement with the analytical theory presented in the technical note NACA No 1341 (BATDORF, 1947) considering a wide range of applicability. On the other hand, the analytical method presented in the book Theory of Elastic Stability (TIMOSHENKO; GERE, 1936) has a very restrict applicability and has presented considerable deviations in a great sort of the analyzed cases

Análise crítica de um vaso de pressão do setor sucroalcooleiro

This study aims to evaluate structurally a heat exchanger that has been in operation since the mid-60's and was built COSAN for operation in one of its sugar production plants in São Paulo, this equipment as well as many similar devices are operation in plants throughout Brazil, and thus to be acquired by large corporations as in the case of COSAN, pass the scrutiny of inspection work, and work such as recalculations in the latter case in structural evaluations to verify the possible need for adjustments to project or operation and thus ensure the structural integrity of the equipment. To this were first done field survey using techniques of NDT and NDT's for determining the thickness of the main parts of the equipment, made the revaluation dimensional and existing project and considering the loads operating performing the characterization of the equipment as specified in the standard regulatory number 13 - NR13 and the other for this type of equipment and finally an analysis using a static approach, as an analysis tool using the finite element method

Efeito da pressão expiratória positiva oscilante na transportabilidade e medida do ângulo de adesão do muco brônquico

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Influência dos polimorfismos para o gene da sintase do óxido nitrico endotelial (eNOS) na pressão arterial e perfil lipídico em resposta ao treinamento físico em mulheres no climatério

A incidência de doenças cardiovasculares tem se constituído na maior causa de morbimortalidade em todo mundo, especialmente após os 50 anos de idade, e têm sido associadas à presença de polimorfismos em alguns genes, especialmente o gene da eNOS. Apesar das mulheres compartilharem com os homens os diversos fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento das doenças cardiovasculares, entre elas hipertensão arterial e dislipidemia, estudos epidemiológicos mostram que as mesmas, antes da menopausa, apresentam menor risco cardiovascular quando comparadas aos homens. Entretanto, após o período da menopausa há um aumento significativo na incidência de hipertensão arterial e suas complicações. Este fato parece estar relacionado a uma possível ação protetora exercida pelos hormônios sexuais femininos, sobretudo os estrogênios que apresentam queda abrupta no período da menopausa. O óxido nítrico (NO), produzido pelas células endoteliais através da enzima eNOS, desempenha importante papel no sistema cardiovascular, participando na regulação do fluxo sanguíneo, do remodelamento vascular e na atividade plaquetária. Assim, estudos envolvendo o gene responsável pela síntese da enzima eNOS, tem sido foco de várias pesquisas na tentativa de avaliar se a presença dos polimorfismos poderia predispor os indivíduos a maior incidência de doenças cardiovasculares. O polimorfismo do gene da eNOS na posição G894T/Glu298Asp localizado no éxon 7, implica na alteração da sequência protéica, tornando a proteína mais suscetível à clivagem, tendo consequências funcionais como a redução do NO demonstrando assim sua provável contribuição para a disfunção endotelial e consequente aumento da pressão arterial. Com relação ao Íntron 4 caracterizado por um Número Variável de Repetições em Tandem... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Efeito agudo de uma sessão de exercícios aeróbios e resistidos na pressão arterial de indivíduos normotensos e hipertensos pertencentes ao Programa de Atividade Física na UBS e PSF do município de Rio Claro-SP

A hipertensão arterial (HA) é fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares, uma forma de prevenção seria a adoção de um estilo de vida mais ativo.O estudo tem como objetivo verificar se uma sessão de exercícios resistidos e aeróbios provoca efeito hipotensivo em indivíduos normotensos e hipertensos sendo a P.A aferida antes e depois dos exercícios. Participaram do estudo 29 indivíduos, normo e hipertensos, com idade média de 54,96 anos ( ± 9,56 ), todos participantes do projeto de atividade física para diabéticos e hipertensos, desenvolvido pelo NAFES da UNESP – Rio Claro. A aula constituiu-se de aquecimento e alongamento (10 min), parte principal (40 min) dividida por: Caminhada (10 min), exercícios resistidos de membro superior utilizando halteres de um quilo (10 min), caminhada (10 min) e exercícios resistidos de membros inferiores com peso corporal (10 min), finalizando com volta calma(10 min). A Pressão Arterial foi aferida através de aparelho digital de pulso Fuzzy LOGIC, Model 3001, BioLand em repouso(M1), ao termino(M2), 30 minutos pós-exercícios(M3) e 4 horas após o termino dos exercícios(M4). Os dados foram analisados por meio do ANOVA para análises repetidas, através do programa Statistic 7.0 e significância de p<0,05. A analise estatística mostrou que na pressão sistólica não houve diferença significante do M1(137,6 ±17,1mmHg) para o M3(133,9 ±18,8mmHg) enquanto que na pressão diastólica observou-se diferença significativa do M1(84,7 ±9,3mmHg) para o M4(80,7 ±11.2mmHg). Conclusão: Houve efeito hipotensor após exercícios apenas na pressão diastólica, já na pressão sistólica não ocorreu mudança significativa embora todos os valores pós exercícios tenham diminuído, tanot na sistólica quanto na diastólica.

Entendendo a pressão arterial

Este trabalho teve o objetivo elaborar e produzir uma cartilha informativa com noções fisiológicas básicas envolvidas no controle da pressão arterial, bem como a descrição da hipertensão e prevenção destinadas a alunos a partir do Ensino Médio, pois além da hipertensão arterial ser uma doença crônica que se caracteriza pela elevação da pressão arterial sistêmica persistente e compor um dos fatores de risco cardiovasculares mais importantes e comuns, apresentando altos índices de morbidade e mortalidade em todos os grupos populacionais, o conceito de pressão arterial e a importância da manutenção dos níveis pressóricos normais devem ser difundidos, a fim de auxiliar no autocuidado com a saúde. Para a formulação adequada da cartilha realizou - se um estudo prévio com 60 alunos de Ensino Médio de uma escola municipal de Botucatu, e através de um questionário avaliamos quantitativamente e qualitativamente por análise de conteúdo: vocabulário, conceitos, interesse sobre pressão arterial e temas interligados. Os dados gerados na análise de conteúdo propiciaram a formulação da cartilha

Projeto de um dispositivo para prensar bobinas polares de pólos salientes para hidrogeradores

The increasing demand for productivity and quality in companies has converged to a common point: reducing costs. In this context the present work aims at the development of a mechanical press which is designed for pressing polar hydrogenerators coils with salient pole in field facilitating the assembly of the poles in the plant, as well as reforms especially in hydrogenerators, reducing significantly the transport costs. With security in mind as well as reduced costs, a study was made of the materials to be used as it was applied a methodology for calculating the correct choice of safety factor to be used in the device. Through mechanical calculations were dimensioned critical items of the device as the diameter of the rods as well as the minimum thickness of the base of the device must have so that it does not break threaded shear in the region by applying the total load of traction on the risers implementation of the pressing. All compression loading device will be through the application of torque on the nuts of bolts in this way was defined by calculations the required torque for each nut so that you can reach the pressure specified in the design specifies. The modeling of the device was made using the INVENTOR™ program in conjunction with the program ANSYS ™. These programs have created designs in three dimensions, assembly and simulation of stress analysis in components of the device

Caracterização física e mecânica de compensado produzido com dois diferentes adesivos em duas variações de pressão de prensagem

The adhesives used in the production of engineered boards have been object of study over the years in order to improve the properties of the boards with less energy consumption, lower production costs and reduced environmental impact. In addition to that, process variables may affect the properties of the board. The present study aimed to characterize sheets of plywood, manufactured with two types of adhesives, under two different pressing conditions. The adhesives used for the study were Phenol-formaldehyde and Polyurethane castor oil based. The pressure of pressing was varied in a range from 75 to 160 Bar, in order to verify how they influence the physical and mechanical properties of the board. The tests performed resulted in a conclusion that shows that the moister content of the veneers interferes on the physical and mechanical tests. In general, boards produced with polyurethane resin showed superior physical and mechanical results; although the ones produced with phenol formaldehyde at a pressure of 75 Bar had always equal or higher values, compared to what is found in literature

Comparação de dois métodos de profilaxia dental: avaliação da pressão arterial e do conforto do paciente. Ensaio clínico controlado e randomizado

GOALS: This research evaluated the change in arterial pressure before and after two procedures of dental prophylaxis: Jet system baking soda and conventional prophylaxis and patient's opinion regarding the comfort of each one. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Were selected 32 patients with age between 18 to 30 years old, who need prophylaxis to remove biofilm and were subjected to three different types of treatment: sodium bicarbonate jet (G1), prophylaxis conventional (G2) and placebo (G3) at intervals of one month between them. Patients were divided randomly. Arterial pressure was measured by wrist digital Omron HEM – 6111. The measurements were realized in four times: before the prophylaxis, immediately the end of procedure, 15 and 30 minutes after finished of treatment. Patient comfort was measured by a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) after the end of the treatment. The data were analyzed using the variance test. The results showed that there was statistically significant difference to the comfort of the procedures. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference to the comfort of the procedures, and G2 and G3 better than G1. Regarding the variation of arterial pressure there was no statistically significant difference between groups. CONCLUSIONS: The methods of prophylaxis no effect on arterial pressure, but conventional prophylaxis is more comfortable than others treatments

Atividade diurética dos extratos aquoso e etanólico de Bugre (Hedyosmum brasiliense Miq.) e seus efeitos na pressão arterial média em testes pré-clÍnicos

The object of this study was assess through pre-clinical tests, the possible diuretic activity and the effects on the mean arterial pressure of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of branches of “bugre”, Hedyosmum brasiliense Miq., species used in the treatment of renal and urinary disorders The tests were made in males anesthetized Wistar rats and randomly distributed into 4 experimental groups: Group I – Water control, group II – treated with aqueous extract (EA) of “bugre”, Group III – water control + “tween 80”, group IV – treated with ethanol extract (EE) and “bugre”. All groups were subjected to experimental protocol, composed of three periods: Balance (40 minutes), Basal (30 minutes) and Experimental (90 minutes), occurring the urine collection every 30 minutes, from the basal period and measuring blood pressure every 10 minutes. The results presented validate the ethnobotany indication of the use of H. brasiliense tea in the treatment of renal problems, because increased significantly the urinary flow in anesthetized Wistar rats (diuretic effect), without changing significantly (p>0,05) the arterial pressure

Influência aguda de uma sessão de exercício aeróbio na pressão arterial de indivíduos normotensos e hipertensos pertencentes ao Programa de Atividade Física na UBS e PSF do município de Rio Claro-SP

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Análise da estabilidade dimensional e resistência mecânica em bambu Guadua angustifolia pós-processos de tratamentos químicos e térmico

Nowadays, bamboo is being studied because of their strength properties according with their specific mass and speed of growth, which makes it an important alternative as a new resource that will help reduce pressure on forests and helpping them favoring the minimization of uncontrolled deforestation in many regions of Brazil. This study aimed, in general, to analyze physical and mechanical properties of the material with the divulgation of its potential for industrial application. To do so, in this research were determined in relation to the physical properties, moisture content, dimensional stability and the apparent densities and the mechanics and basic, just a tension parallel to grain, in order to observe the interference of various kinds of treatments (chemical, thermal and natural) on the strength and modulus of elasticity in this request. The species used was the Guadua angustifolia, a species native of Brazil. All tests were performed at Universidade Estadual Paulista - Campus Experimental Itapeva in the laboratory of Materials Properties. The methodology used for testing of moisture, density and tension parallel to grain were based on NBR 7190/1997 for the wood, and dimensional stability tests were based on much the same as in COPANT 462/1972 (South American) . The preservative treatments conducted followed the recommendation of each manufacturer. The values obtained in tests of physical properties were satisfactory especially with respect to density and dimensional stability analyzed by the coefficient of anisotropy, showed that, compared to wood, excellent quality for the shrinkage test, obtaining a coefficient of 1.2. With respect to parallel tensile tests to fibre results showed, in most cases, that test specimens with the presence of us have lower values of resistance and modulus of elasticity when compared with those without us. In the treatment of thermal-treatment there was an apparent treatment there was an apparent increase in...

Análise das propriedades físico-mecânicas de painel particulado de eucalipto composto por três camadas com duas variações de pressão

The research aimed to produce sheets of particles with waste processing of Eucalyptus sp bonded with urea-formaldehyde and evaluate the effect of pressure variation in the quality of the boards produced. To do so, the Boards made were divided into two treatments depending on the pressing pressure of 30 to 40 kgf / cm². Once pressings, climatized, the particleboards have been sectioned in test samples, and underwent physical-mechanical tests for determining density, swelling and water absorption, modulus of rupture and elasticity in static bending and internal linking. The particleboards pressed at 40 kgf / cm ² showed the best results

Bioatividade de cipó-prata (Trigonia nivea Cambess) sobre a excreção renal de água e eletrólitos e pressão arterial

Brazil is a country with the largest world´s vegetal genetic diversity and the Environmental Protection Area (APA) of the “Serra da Mantiqueira” is a very heterogeneous region, representing one of the richest sources of pharmacologically actives materials. The population uses medicinal plants and according to the OMS, 80% of the population uses them in primary treatment of several diseases. Nevertheless, the loss of traditional knowledge associated with medicinal plants is occurring quickly. The ethnopharmacological strategy uses traditional knowledge to the search for medicinal plants that can have bioactive substances against diseases that afflicting the population and thus protect traditional knowledge. The “cipó-prata” (Trigonia nívea Cambess.) is a native plant normally found in the “Bacia do Paraná” region and present in the flora in the neighborhood of “Marins”, Piquete-SP and usually, said for the treatment of renal and urinary diseases. So, the objective of this study was test if the “cipóprata” (Trigonia nívea Cambess.) has effects on the renal excretion of water and salt, in anesthetized Wister rats. The tests were made in males Wistar rats and randomly distributed into 4 experimental groups: Group I – aqueous control, Group II – treated with aqueous extract (EA) of “cipó-prata”, Group III – water control + “tween 80”, Group IV – treated with ethanol extract (EE) and “cipó-prata”. All groups were subjected to experimental protocol, composed of three periods: Balance (40 minutes), Basal (30 minutes) and Experimental (90 minutes), occurring the urine collection every 30 minutes, from the basal period and measuring blood pressure every 10 minutes. The aqueous extract (EA) of “cipó-prata” (Trigonia nívea Cambess.) presented diuretic effect of 173% (B-2,4±1,19 μL/min reaching 6,6±1,45 μL/min, in the period EX3) and ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)