Effect of calcium chloride on the pH values of several formulations of calcium hydroxide mixed with chlorhexidine digluconate

This study evaluated the effect of the addition of 5% calcium chlorite (CaCl2) on pH values in calcium hydroxide pastes (CH), with or without 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) used as vehicle, in several periods analysis. Polyethylene tubes were filled with CH mixed with water (G1), 2% CHX solution (G2) or gel (G3), or CHX solution or gel with 5% CaCl2 (G4 and G5, respectively). All tubes were individually immersed in distilled water. After 12, 24 hours, 7, 14 and 28 days, pH value was evaluated directly in water which the tubes were stored. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests (α=0.05). In 24 hs and 14 days, pH values were similar to all groups. In 12 hs, the G1 presented lower pH value than other groups except to G4 (p < 0.05), and G4 presented lower pH value than G5 (p < 0.05). In 7 days, G1 presented lower pH value than G4 and G5 (p < 0.05). In 28 days, G1 and G5 presented lower pH values than G2 and G4 (p < 0.05) and among other groups there are no statistical differences (p > 0.05). The pH values increased in long-term analysis to all CH pastes. The association of 5% calcium chloride with 2% CHX solution as vehicle of CH paste provided a pH value increase in relation to CH mixed with distilled water. The CHX gel interfered negatively on pH value in comparison to CHX solution when mixed with CaCl2.

The association of chlorhexidine digluconate and calcium chloride to use as vehicle of a silicate calcium-based cement

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the addition of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) associated with 5% calcium chloride (CaCl2 ) on antimicrobial activity, setting time, pH and calcium release of gray mineral trioxide aggregate (GMTA). Materials and Methods: GMTA powder was mixed with water, 2% CHX alone or 2% CHX combined with 5% CaCl2 . Antimicrobial activity was determined against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) strains by agar diffusion test. Data obtained were submitted to kruskal wallis tests. Analysis of the setting time was evaluated by American society for testing and materials C266-03 requirements. The pH and calcium release analysis were evaluated, in 24 h, 7, 14 and 28 days using pH meter equipment and atomic absorption spectrophotometer, respectively. Data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA, in 5% significance level. Results: Significant differences were seen (P < 0.01) among the zones of bacterial growth inhibition produced by 5% CaCl2 + 2% CHX combination against E. faecalis when compared with water (P < 0.05). Regarding the setting time, that combination had the shortest setting time (P < 0.05). All associations were alkaline and released calcium. No statistical difference was observed between the experimental groups at the different periods of analysis (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Combination of 5% CaCl2 + 2% CHX reduced the setting time and enhanced the antimicrobial activity of GMTA without changing the pH and calcium release.

Androecia in two Clusia species: development, structure and resin secretion

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Structure and secretion mechanisms of floral glands in Diplopterys pubipetala (Malpighiaceae), a neotropical species

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Leaf colleters in Tabernaemontana catharinensis (Apocynaceae, Rauvolfioideae): structure, ontogenesis, and cellular secretion

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Physicothermal properties of aqueous sodium chloride solutions

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Electrochemical behavior and corrosion resistance of Ti-15Mo alloy in naturally-aerated solutions, containing chloride and fluoride ions

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Distribution of non-LEE-encoded type 3 secretion system dependent effectors in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Type IV secretion system is not involved in infection process in citrus

The type IV secretion system (T4SS) is used by Gram-negative bacteria to translocate protein and DNA substrates across the cell envelope and into target cells. Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri contains two copies of the T4SS, one in the chromosome and the other is plasmid-encoded. To understand the conditions that induce expression of the T4SS in Xcc, we analyzed, in vitro and in planta, the expression of 18 ORFs from the T4SS and 7 hypothetical flanking genes by RT-qPCR. As a positive control, we also evaluated the expression of 29 ORFs from the type III secretion system (T3SS), since these genes are known to be expressed during plant infection condition, but not necessarily in standard culture medium. From the 29 T3SS genes analyzed by qPCR, only hrpA was downregulated at 72 h after inoculation. All genes associated with the T4SS were downregulated on Citrus leaves 72 h after inoculation. Our results showed that unlike the T3SS, the T4SS is not induced during the infection process.

The control of sodium chloride intake: Functional relationship between hypothalamic inhibitory areas and amygdaloid complex stimulating areas

Sodium chloride intake was studied in rats submitted to different neurosurgical procedures. Intake decreased in animals submitted to bilateral destruction of the basolateral amygdaloid complex, and increased after the same animals were submitted to destruction of the anterior lateral hypothalamus, a procedure which is known to cause increased intake in intact rats. In the reverse experiment, where the anterior lateral hypothalamus was destroyed before the basolateral amygdaloid complex, the effect of increased sodium chloride intake induced by destruction of the hypothalamus overcame the decreased expected upon destruction of the amygdaloid complex. These results permit us to conclude that the hypothalamic areas which inhibit sodium chloride intake predominate over the stimulating areas of the amygdaloid complex in the control of sodium chloride intake. © 1981 ANKHO International Inc.