Amostragem de poluentes particulados emitidos pela queima de biomassa em correntes confinadas

It is clear today the ever-accelerating search for new fuels that will eventually replace those that will survive in our society, which are fossil fuels. For this reason, a fuel used since the dawn of humanity and much studied since then, considered the generator of clean, renewable energy, can earn more and more space in the power generation sector, which is biomass. We performed two experiments with two different types of biomass, one from the Amazon rainforest and other pine and eucalyptus as waste from the sawmill UNESP Itapeva. In the first experiment, conducted at the Laboratory of Combustion and Propulsion INPE Cachoeira Paulista were conducted three tests in a chimney with a fan creating forced ventilation, where the biomass was burned and deposited on a support beneath the hood. In the second experiment was conducted to analyze the emission of particulate matter using biomass (waste) from the sawmill on the campus of UNESP experimental Itapeva the burning of it in a burner for heating water for a wood oven. In these experiments we used a particle called DATARAM4 sampler that is capable of sampling both outdoors and inside of pipelines, which is the focus of this work. With this equipment it was possible to measure the concentration of particulate matter in all the firings as above, and compare them to levels acceptable in the current law, always trying to analyze the so-called fine particles, which are those with diameters less than 2.5 μm. Using data obtained from the equipment was also possible to evaluate the diametral distribution of particulate matter in question, and verify which phases of the flares in the concentration and the diameters of the particles are the most critical. In this work we concluded that in all firings conducted concentrations of particulate matter were higher than that allowed by the law, and the diameters were found that are more harmful to human health

Interferência eletromagnética em equipamentos de diatermia por microondas por aparelhos telefonia móvel celular GSM

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Modelagem de motor de combustão internae simulação do processo de queima de combustível

The internal combustion engine is a heat engine widely used in the automotive industry. In order to better understand its behavior many models in the literature have been proposed in the last years. The 0-D thermodynamic model is a fairly simple tool but it is very useful to understand the phenomenon of combustion inside the chamber of internal combustion engines. In the first phase of this work, an extensive literature review was made in order to get information about this kind of analysis and, after this, apply them in a model able to calculate the instantaneous temperature and pressure in one zone of the combustion chamber of a diesel engine. Therefore some considerations were made with the aim of increasing the accuracy of the model in predicting the correct behavior of the engine, adding the combined effects of heat transfer, leakage and injection. In the second phase, the goal was to study the internal flow of a three-dimensional model of an internal combustion engine. In order to achieve this goal the software Solidworks was used to create the geometries of an engine and the suite of softwares Ansys was used to create the moving mesh (ICEM CFD and CFX-Pre) and to solve the CFD problem (Ansys CFX code). The model was able to perform the air flow simulation during the four-stroke cycle of an engine: admission, compression, expansion and exhaust. The results obtained from both models were suitable and they open a new range of possibilities for future researches on the field

Proposta de elaboração de carta de sensibilidade ambiental aplicada a postos de combustíveis em Rio Claro-SP

Leaking of hydrocarbon in fuel underground storage tanks constitute object of concern for urban environmental management, because therefore they provoke damages to the physical, biological and socioeconomic environment. Though laws that regulate this essential activity exist, aiming at to prevent contamination with hydrocarbon, we observe that this still happens. This fact evidences that the selection of places for installation of gas stations has not considered the characteristics of the natural environment, implying in more critical consequences associated to the leaking. The objective of this work is to elaborate a chart applied to the gas stations in Rio Claro/SP. The determination of the Index of Environmental Sensitivity for elaboration of such chart was carried through breaking the selection of factors of Environmental Sensitivity of physical, biological and socioeconomic environment. The balance of these factors was given by means of Ad hoc consultation. The crossing of the information was carried through using the method of overlapping of overlays. The result is a chart that shows us areas with classes of high, middle and low Environmental Sensitivity. One gives credit that this type of material can be used as criterion in the selection of adjusted areas for installations of new gas stations and management of the already installed gas stations. The diagnosis of the current situation of the gas stations in the area and recommendations had also been elaborated.

Comportamento de forrageamento da Figuinha-de-crisso-castanho (Conirostrum Speciosum) (Aves, Thraupidae) e sua associação com bandos mistos

Não disponível

Desenvolvimento de filmes finos de Bi3NbO7 pelo método dos precursores poliméricos em diferentes eletrodos óxidos

Technology always advances and thus the device miniaturization and improved performance, besides multifunctionality, they become extremely necessary. A wave of research on the area tends to grow in number and importance in today's market, it is necessary to search for new materials, new applicability of the existing ones and new processes for increasingly cheaper costs. Dielectric materials are considered a key element in this sector being the main electrical properties its high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss. The Polymeric Precursor Method appears as a good alternative because is a low cost, simple process with controlled stoichiometry. In this method, two steps were performed. In a first step, the precursor solution was decomposed into powders and in a second step the precursor solution was converted in thin films. In this work, was used the polymeric precursor methods to get thin films where they were heat treated and characterized by XRD, SEM and AFM. We have obtained Bi3NbO7 thin films with good homogeneity and uniform distribution of grains were noted. We observed that the best condition to obtain the tetragonal phase is annealing the film at high temperatures for a longer soaking time and with excess of bismuth. Several oxides electrodes were evaluated aiming to obtain textured dielectric thin films

Teores elevados de manganês em amostras de solos

Inúmeros são os trabalhos versando sobre a contaminação de águas e solos por metais potencialmente tóxicos, ou metais pesados. O destaque sempre é dado para chumbo, mercúrio e, mais recentemente, cádmio que, também é, comprovadamente, carcinogênico. Em contrapartida, estudos sobre a toxicidade do manganês são raros devido, provavelmente, ao fato do mesmo ser um metal essencial à vida. Porém, absorvido em doses elevadas pelo organismo, pode provocar uma série de patologias e disfunções, algumas muito graves como déficit intelectual. Nesse trabalho procurou-se avaliar a concentração de manganês em amostras de solos cultivados e não cultivados de várias regiões do Estado de São Paulo. Surpreendentemente, algumas dessas amostras apresentaram teores até cinco vezes mais elevados do que o limite estabelecido como alto pelo Governo do Estado de São Paulo (que é de 5 mg/dm³). A provável fonte desse excesso reside na liberação de produtos de combustão e/ou na forma de aditivos aos combustíveis.

Resolução do problema de sequenciamento de múltiplas linhas de montagem de modelos mistos em ambiente de produção enxuta

This work deals with the sequencing of Multi-Mixed-Model Assembly Lines in a lean manufacturing environment, where an operational structure where several kanbans support several mixed-model assembly lines, so that all assembly lines can receive parts or sub-assemblies from all suppliers. To optimize this system, the sequencing seeks to minimize the distance between the real consumption and the constant ideal consumption of parts or subassemblies, thereby reducing the scaling of kanbans and intermediate stocks. To solve the sequencing problems, the method Clustering Search was applied along with the metaheuristics Variable Neighborhood Search, Simulation Annealing and Iterative Local Search. Instances from the literature and generated instances were tested, thus allowing comparing the methods to each other and with other methods presented in the literature. The performance of the Clustering Search with Iterated Local Search stands out by the quality and robustness of their solutions, and mainly for its efficiency, whereas it converges to better results at a lower computational cost

Transpiração e eficiência de uso da água em plantios puros e mistos de eucalyptus grandis e acacia mangium

Pós-graduação em Ciência Florestal - FCA

Determinação eletroanalítica e cromatográfica do corante solvente azul 14 em amostras de combustíveis

Métodos comparativos foram desenvolvidos para detectar e quantificar o corante solvente azul 14 (SA-14) em amostras de combustíveis. O método eletroanalítico foi baseado na técnica de voltametria de onda quadrada (VOQ) com detecção em +0,60 V vs. Ag/AgCl sobre o eletrodo de carbono vítreo, usando tampão Britton-Robinson e N, N-dimetilformamida (1:1, v/v) como eletrólito suporte. Para metodologia, envolvendo a cromatografia líquida de alta performance (CLAE) foi empregada uma fase móvel composta de acetonitrila e cloreto de lítio (85:15, v/v) e a detecção eletroquímica foi realizada em um potencial de oxidação em +0,65 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Sob as melhores condições de trabalho curvas de calibração foram obtidas, para ambos os métodos, as quais foram lineares na faixa de concentração de 5,0×10 -7 a 6,0×10 -6 mol L-1 (VOQ) e 8,0×10 -8 a 3,0×10 -6 mol L-1 (CLAE). Os métodos foram aplicados para quantificar o corante em amostras de álcool e querosene após um simples processo de extração em fase sólida com resultados de recuperação satisfatórios.

Estratégias de seleção de genótipos de soja por meio de modelos mistos e abordagens multivariadas

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas) - FCAV

Influência dos parâmetros de projeto em um motor a combustão interna

This paper discusses the influence of the design parameters in the operation and construction of an internal combustion engine. A theoretical analysis was developed using a standard crank-connecting rod-piston to verify the behavior of the stresses generated in the combustion and transformed into rotational energy of the crank shaft. Design parameters directly influence not only the final result of the characteristics of power and torque, but how the engine must be built to withstand different loads. The choice of parameters of a combustion engine is directly linked with the application of the engine and the final result expected of it function

Catalisadores de cobre suportados em óxidos de zircônio hierarquicamente estruturados para a reação de desidrogenação de etanol

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Aditivos alternativos aos antibióticos promotores de crescimento no desempenho de frangos de corte sob desafio sanitário

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Nanotubos óxidos aplicados a resinas compostas fotoativadas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)