192 resultados para solos contaminados


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Previous studies show that in areas contaminated by fuel spill (NAPL- non-aqueous phase liquids), from operational activities, transport and storage, it was possible to observe a significant decrease of ²²²Rn (radon) gas concentration in the soil, even a non-uniform distribution of this gas in top soil, even with a geological situation was practically homogeneous. These anomalies may be associated with the preference partitioning of radon in NAPLs. This work consists of applying ²²²Rn as an indicator for locating subsurface contamination by NAPLs in an area of the city of Rio Claro (SP) where, according to the “Survey of Contaminated and Rehabilitated Areas in the State of São Paulo (Environmental Sanitation and Technology Company - CETESB), there was, in the year 2007, groundwater contamination from leaks of liquid fuels. The challenges of this research are: Promulgate the use of a new tool with greater efficiency in obtaining results, in addition to generate less impact in half and have less expenditure; disseminate scientific culture promoting greater integration of C&T (culture & technology) between universities and businesses. The emanometric technique to estimate the location, number and interfacial area of NAPL in saturated and non-saturated zone, has the advantage of locating and determining plumes of free phase even when the amount of VOC's (Volatile Organic Compounds) that reaches the surface is low or non-existent. In addition, the measurement techniques ²²²Rn are quite developed. The results obtained show that, similar to the other studies, the 222Rn soil gas presents an anomalous behavior in the area bounded by NAPL plume, being possible to note a significant deficit in the concentration of the gas in spots where the saturation by NAPLs is still critical. Therefore it is concluded that this tool is really promising, but we must be careful to evaluate the initial conditions of the area, as well as the type of...

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É comum congêneres do cerrado brasileiro mostrarem-se morfologicamente semelhantes, mas com padrão de ocorrência distinto. O sucesso de uma espécie em um hábitat é fortemente dependente de seu desempenho ecofisiológico, que pode relacionar-se aos recursos naturais de seu ambiente. Hipotetiza-se fundamentalmente que os referidos congêneres apresentam diferentes taxas de crescimento radicular, e o solo também pode representar fator determinante para a ocorrência de espécies de cerrado. Diante disso, também é admitida a hipótese de que esses congêneres apresentam maior crescimento se cultivados em solo de cerrado ou solos relacionados às áreas dos fragmentos de cerrado em que ocorrem, do que quando cultivados em solos mais férteis. Ainda, baseando-se em observações de campo, supõe se que dentre os congêneres, S. ferrugineus deve ter o maior crescimento de raízes e o menor crescimento da parte aérea. Também é provável que S. camporum mostre a maior plasticidade de crescimento em resposta à fertilidade do solo, dada sua ampla ocorrência em relação a diferentes hábitats. Para testar essas hipóteses, objetiva-se medir o crescimento da raiz principal em solo de cerrado s.s., através de observações em rizotron. Também serão medidas as taxas de crescimento da raiz principal, a altura da planta, número de folhas e ganho total de biomassa dos três congêneres em resposta a dois solos com características e fertilidades contrastantes. Um dos solos será originário de um fragmento de cerrado s.s. e o outro, um substrato utilizado para viveiros de plantas nativas florestais da região. Será um experimento com nove repetições (rizotrons). O crescimento da raiz principal será medido em intervalos de 10 dias, até 180 dias de cultivo. A biomassa total final será medida através de coleta destrutiva. Os fatores estudados serão as três espécies... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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Diplópodos são animais detritívoros sendo considerados importantes macro-artrópodos do solo, desempenhando importante papel na manutenção do equilíbrio do ecossistema. Comumente não apresentam população numerosa, mas desequilíbrios ambientais, mudanças climáticas e utilização de pesticidas podem eliminar possíveis competidores ocasionando explosões populacionais. Dotados de um corpo cilíndrico com 25 a 100 segmentos com cutícula; o exoesqueleto da maioria dos diplópodos é fortemente calcificado. Possuem diplossegmentos que se originam da fusão entre dois segmentos durante o desenvolvimento e a grande parte destes diplossegmentos apresenta dois pares de pernas, de onde deriva o nome Diplopoda. O tubo digestório destes animais é formado por três regiões: o intestino anterior, o médio e o posterior. Trabalhos com morfologia do tubo digestório de milípides são raros e na maioria antigos. Assim, este trabalho de conclusão de curso objetivou realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as descrições morfológicas existentes sobre o tubo digestório de diplópodos visando rever a nomenclatura utilizada para os diferentes componentes presentes nas regiões que o compõem, principalmente para o tecido presente na região do intestino médio denominada até então de camada de “corpo gorduroso” constituinte do intestino médio. Foi intuito também, rever a utilização do tubo digestório de diplópodos como biomarcador em bioensaios de solos impactados. Após a revisão dos dados na literatura, ficou claro que a camada presente no intestino médio de diplópodos, denominada de “corpo gorduroso”, na realidade é constituída por células hepáticas, as quais foram descritas na literatura como sendo de distribuição aleatória, sem formar uma camada contínua

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Located in Apiaí, Vale do Ribeira, southern region of São Paulo state, the Usina do Calabouço areas (CIEM / CPRM) and Morro do Ouro (Parque Municipal do Morro do Ouro), were targeted for stud ies due to its old buildings, respectively a foundry in lead ore, called Experimental de Chumbo e Prata (Usina Calabouço), and a gold mine with processing plant of the gold-bearing ore produced there. Nowadays, the areas are used for public visitation, and in both places the rests of the buildings remains. Particularly in the CIEM/CPRM, due to the materials witch was produced before, it can suggest the existence of anomalous amounts of the involved metals (CIEM / CPRM) and possible contaminations by chemical products used in the improvement of the auriferous ore (P. M. Morro do Ouro). These potential contamination were confirmed with geochemical survey of soils and current sediments accomplished in both areas, for the elements arsenic, cadmium, lead, copper, mercury, silver and zinc, which were used as parameters guiding values for soil and groundwater the state of São Paulo (CETESB), and watershed values stipulated by CPRM (poor, background and anomalous), in it rising geochemistry during Folha Apiaí's execution (SG-22-X-B-V).

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The oil and biodiesel are oily substances which, if spilled or thrown out in the environment, can cause serious damages. In this context, bioremediation techniques can be used to the recovering of sites degradated by mineral or vegetable oil, besides them, the biodegradation. However, it is necessary that there are microorganism strains used to degradate the contaminant, previously selected for the fast, efficient and minimum impact remediation. The main objective of this study was to isolate microorganism strains coming from different ecological recesses and verify their potentiality on biodegradating oil and biodiesel. Strains of bacteria, fungi and yeasts were isolated from soils contaminated by hydrocarbons (diesel, gasoline, grease) before, by doing striations on culture plates. On the biodegradation tests, it was used the redox indicator, 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol (DCPIP), then, after the indicador’s discoloration, the absorbance of the suspension obtained was measured. 46 different microorganism strains were isolated, and the oil, when it was used as a carbon resource, it was degradate easier than the biodiesel. The experiments showed that, in a period, the site impacted by oil spills recovers itself by the biodegradation, in aerobic conditions, by the redox activity.

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

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Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária - FCAV

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Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE

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Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate by histometric and immunohistochemistry analysis the effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in alveolar prior to placement of mini-implants in animals with or without induced periodontal disease. Material and method: Thirty-two rats were used. Periodontal disease (PD) was induced by ligature in the lower left first molar. After 7 days of PD evolution, it was performed removal of the ligature and extraction of the left lower first molars in all animals. Thus, animals were divided into 2 groups (n=16) according to the treatments in the dental alveolus before immediate implant installation: MD (control) : mechanical debridement (MD), irrigation with 1 ml of saline solution followed by implant installation; aPDT- MD, irrigation with 1 ml of Toluidine Blue-O and low intensity laser (LLLT) and implant installation. Eight animals from each group were euthanized at 15 and 30 days after the installation of mini-implants. Specimens were processed for histologic, immunohistochemical and histometric analysis. The histometric data were processed for statistical analysis (Kruskall-Wallis and Dunn test; p <0.05). Result: In treatment analysis, results indicated that there was a greater BIC in implants installed in uncontaminated alveolus treated with a PDT ( p<0,05) and greater imuno-reactivity to OPG in bone issue treated with aPDT. Conclusion: The aPDT proved to be effective in bone loss control in no contaminated area and it has increased the bone loss and metabolic activity in alveolus irradiated prior to implant installation.

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Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária - FCAV

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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The increased use of herbicides, coupled with inadequate use of these molecules, also increased concerns about the risks of environmental contamination and its effects on humans and animals. The objective of this work evaluates the potential for leaching of herbicides in the crop of cane sugar, in contrasting soils. Used samples were used Psament (NR - sandy texture) and Oxisol Red (LR - clay texture). After application of herbicides ametryne (NR 1.60 kg ha(-1) and LR 2.40 kg ha(-1)), clomazone (NR 0.90 kg ha(-1) and LR 1.10 kg ha(-1)) and diuron (NR 1.60 kg ha(-1) and LR 3.20 kg ha(-1)), were irrigated blades of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mm of water in soil columns. Results indicate that ametryne in NR samples submitted to the handling layer of 5-10 cm when applied blades of 20 and 40 mm of water. It was evident that the clomazone, regardless of the soil, did not exceed 0-5 cm water depths of 0 to 20 mm of water and 5-10 cm deep in the blades above 40 mm of water. With blades up to 80 mm, the diuron leaching only in layers 0-5 cm deep in LR. Conclude that the potential of leaching of diuron and ametryne was influenced by soil texture together with the organic matter content, the same was not true for clomazone.