Tracing metabolic routes of feed ingredients in tissues of broiler chickens using stable isotopes

The present study aimed to quantify the proportion of 13C from energy and protein feed ingredients that follow the metabolic routing of the liver and muscle in broiler chickens. A stable isotope of carbon technique was used that is based on the isotopic discrimination that occurs in the plants during the photosynthesis process. One-day-old male chicks were subjected to treatments based on free choice of energy and protein sources. Rice bran (R) and soybean meal (S), C3 plants, have higher isotopic ratios than corn (C), a C4 plant, and corn gluten meal (G). Choices were R+S, C+G, R+G, C+S, or R+C+G+S. A complete feed (CF) was a sixth treatment. Feed intake and BW were measured at 30 d of age, when liver and breast muscle were collected for isotopic analysis. Treatments affected the amount of feed intake and the choices of energy or protein sources. Complete feed had the largest intake, differing from the other treatments that had free-choice feeding. Final BW was a direct reflection of consumption by these birds in all treatments. The isotopic results indicated that the 13C/12C ratio was generally higher in breast muscle than in liver, probably because of higher protein content. Moreover, in the liver, the proportion of 13C retained from the energy ingredient was greater than the proportion from the protein ingredient. That is in contrast to muscle, where the proportion of 13C retained from the protein ingredient was greater than from the energy ingredient that was self-selected.

Proteína e qualidade de sementes de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) em função da adubação nitrogenada em plantio direto

Nitrogen limitation in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) produces reduced productivity and seeds with low protein content and physiological quality. We assessed the effects of nitrogen fertilizer side dressing on the protein content and physiological quality of the seeds of P. vulgaris L. cultivars (cv.) IPR Juriti and Pérola grown in plots (soil type = Dystrophic Red Latosol) using a no-tillage system under a thick mulch of millet residues at the Experimental Station of UNESP-Ilha Solteira campus, located in Selvíria, MS (Köppen climate type = Aw) during autumn (March/June) and winter (June/September) 2005. For each cultivar, a randomized block experimental design was used with four replicates and factorially arranged treatments equivalent to 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg.ha-1 added nitrogen (as urea, containing 45% of N) applied as a side dressing during the V4-3 and V4-6 phenological stage corresponding to the 3rd and 6th completely opened trifoliolate leaf on the main stem. Supplementation with up to 120 kg.ha-1 nitrogen promoted a greater increase in crude protein at V4-3 (unsupplemented = 17.6% and 16.3%; 120 kg.ha-1 N = 24.1% and 22.3% for cv. IPR Juriti and Pérola, respectively) than at V4-6 (unsupplemented = 19.2% and 18.3%; 120 kg.ha-1 N = 21.3% and 20.3% for cv. IPR Juriti and Pérola, respectively). About 90% of the crude protein from cv. IPR Juriti was composed of soluble protein compared to 72% for the cv. Pérola. Albumins and globulins represented about 80% of the soluble protein and prolamins were lower at 0.6%. In conclusion, nitrogen fertilization up to 120 kg.ha-1 applied as a side dressing at the V4-3 phenological stage in no-tillage under a thick mulch of millet promoted a greater increase of crude protein in common bean seeds than at the V4-6 stage. The highest accumulation of soluble protein occurred at 90 kg.ha-1 applied nitrogen without having a significant influence on the physiological quality of the seeds.

Deposição de sílica e teor de nitrogênio e silício em arroz

The nitrogen fertilization is an important practice to reach high productivity, however, nitrogen high level can cause lodging and make the plants more sensitive to disease. Numerous studies has demonstrate that a lot of grasses accumulate silicon at its tissues, and the biggest part of this element is deposited on the leaf, that would work like a mechanical barrier to diseases come in. However, high levels of nitrogen can reduce the silica deposition at the plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate silicon and nitrogen content in shoot and silica deposition in upland rice leaf as a result of Si and N levels. The experimental design used was completely randomized in factorial schema 3 x 2 with five replications. The treatments consisted from levels of N (5, 75 and 150 mg dm-3 of soil) in urea form and two levels of SiO2 (0 e 400 mg dm-3) in calcium silicate form (Wollastonita). The increased of urea fertilization reduced the silicon content of rice plants and the silica deposition at the external cells wall the epidermal rice leafs.

Desempenho de cultivares transgênicas de soja em sucessão a culturas de inverno em semeadura direta

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Interação de progênies de alface do grupo americano por épocas de cultivo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Levantamento de raças de Bremialactucae em 2011 nas principais áreas produtoras de alfaces do Estado de São Paulo e avaliação da resistência em cultivares comerciais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Reação de aveia branca, feijão, sorgo e trigo a Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica e M. enterolobii

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Impacto do aumento da concentração de CO2 do ar sobre a brusone do arroz

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Probabilidade de atendimento da demanda hídrica das culturas do arroz de terras altas, milho e soja, como subsídio para a definição de épocas de semeadura na região de Ilha Solteira-SP

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Controle de viroses em alface por meio de métodos integrados de manejo da cultura

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Variação granulométrica de casca de pinus no desenvolvimento e produção de gérbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Fontes e modos de aplicação de potássio na alface americana (Lactuca sativa cv. Lucy Brown) em ambiente protegido

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Alternative substrates in the production of lettuce seedlings and their productivity in the field

Based on the hypothesis that alternative substrates should improve the yield of lettuce crops by producing better quality seedlings, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different substrates on the production of seedlings of this species, and their growth in the field. The study was in two stages. The first consisted of the production of lettuce seedlings, and the second assessed their development in the field. Four alternative substrates were tested, obtained by mixing together a sieved vermicompost from which all clumps had been removed, sterilized sand, charred rice husks and basalt powder. The commercial substrate, Plantmax HA®, was also tested. In the first phase, which was conducted in a completely randomised design with four replications, the height, root length, number of leaves, leaf area and dry weight of the seedlings were all evaluated 28 days after sowing. In the second phase, which was carried out in the field in a randomised block design with four replications, the plants were harvested 50 days after transplanting and the head diameter, fresh weight, number of leaves and leaf and stem dry weight were evaluated. The alternative substrates produced larger seedlings in less time than the commercial substrate, resulting in a reduction of 10 days in the total crop cycle. The reduction in the time between sowing and harvesting, together with those aspects relating to sustainability, are the main advantages of the use of alternative substrates, since in the field crop production did not differ between treatments.

Acidez do solo afetando concentração de micronutrientes, atividade da enzima nitrato redutase e produtividade em plantas de arroz de terras altas

The lowest grain yield of rice under no-tillage system (NTS) in relation to the conventional system may be due to the predominance nitrate in the soil and the low nitrate reductase activity. Another reason may be caused by micronutrient deficiency because of superficially soil acidity corrections. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the changes caused by soil pH in the N forms in the soil, micronutrients concentration in rice plants, nitrate reductase activity, yield of rice and its components. The experiment was performed in a greenhouse conditions. The experimental design was a completely randomized in a factorial three (levels of soil acidity) x five (micronutrients sources) with four replications. The addition of micronutrients does not affect levels of nitrate and ammonium in the soil; soil acidity significantly affects levels of nitrate and ammonium in the soil, concentration of micronutrients in rice plants and crop yield and its components; medium soil acidity (pH 5.5) result in medium to high levels of Cu and Fe, medium level of Zn and Mn, high nitrate reductase activity, resulting in higher dry matter, tillers, panicles, spikelets, weight of 100 grains and hence grain yield.

Doses e parcelamento da adubação potássica na cultura da batata (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA