194 resultados para floral biology


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Ps-graduao em Zootecnia - FMVZ

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Fundao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de So Paulo (FAPESP)

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Coordenao de Aperfeioamento de Pessoal de Nvel Superior (CAPES)

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Fundao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de So Paulo (FAPESP)

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Coordenao de Aperfeioamento de Pessoal de Nvel Superior (CAPES)

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Chicory is a vegetable Amazon unconventional flavor that has attracted the attention of researchers for its great versatility, which makes it a promising vegetable. However, jobs are scarce in the literature on cultivation techniques for the species. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pruning tassel floral and different spacing, the yield on Amazon chicory. Three different spacings: E1 = 0.15 x 0.15 m, with 44 plants m(2), E2 = 0.20 x 0.20 m, with 25 plants m(2), and E3 = 0.25 x 0.25 m, with 16 plants m(2), with and without pruning floral tassel. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design in a split plot design 3 x 2, with six replications. The characteristics evaluated were: number of leaves, fresh weight and dry weight of shoots, number of tassel floral tassel floral fresh weight, yield (kg m(-2)), and leaf area index (LAI). The largest production of chicory Amazon was obtained in plants grown at a spacing of 0.25 x 0.25 m subjected to pruning floral tassel. The highest yield for Amazon chicory was obtained in plants grown at a spacing of 0.15 x 0.15 m submitted pruning floral tassel.

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Fundao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de So Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de So Paulo (FAPESP)

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In this study, the daily and seasonal influences of abiotic factors and the amount of floral resources on the foraging frequency of bees were determined. The experiments were performed, during 12 consecutive months, in the main floral sources used by bees in a secondary forest fragment. The foraging frequency of each bee species on flowers of each plant was recorded for 20-min periods, every hour. To verify whether the foraging activity is influenced by abiotic factors, Pearson's correlation analysis and linear regression tests were performed for the dominant bee species. Temperature and luminosity were the two main abiotic factors regulating foraging activities of bees. A positive correlation was found between the foraging frequency of most bees and these two variables. Conversely, the foraging activity was influenced neither by the relative humidity nor by the wind speed. The activity of each species depends on a combination of factors that include not only abiotic variables, but also the amount of floral resources available during the day, body size, and behavior of each visitor. After a certain period of the day, the scarcity of floral resources produced by most plants can stimulate the bees to forage in the flowers early in subsequent days, which may occur before the period in which the abiotic conditions are really favorable.

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Telomeres are the physical ends of eukaryotic linear chromosomes. Telomeres form special structures that cap chromosome ends to prevent degradation by nucleolytic attack and to distinguish chromosome termini from DNA double-strand breaks. With few exceptions, telomeres are composed primarily of repetitive DNA associated with proteins that interact specifically with double- or single-stranded telomeric DNA or with each other, forming highly ordered and dynamic complexes involved in telomere maintenance and length regulation. In proliferative cells and unicellular organisms, telomeric DNA is replicated by the actions of telomerase, a specialized reverse transcriptase. In the absence of telomerase, some cells employ a recombination-based DNA replication pathway known as alternative lengthening of telomeres. However, mammalian somatic cells that naturally lack telomerase activity show telomere shortening with increasing age leading to cell cycle arrest and senescence. In another way, mutations or deletions of telomerase components can lead to inherited genetic disorders, and the depletion of telomeric proteins can elicit the action of distinct kinases-dependent DNA damage response, culminating in chromosomal abnormalities that are incompatible with life. In addition to the intricate network formed by the interrelationships among telomeric proteins, long noncoding RNAs that arise from subtelomeric regions, named telomeric repeat-containing RNA, are also implicated in telomerase regulation and telomere maintenance. The goal for the next years is to increase our knowledge about the mechanisms that regulate telomere homeostasis and the means by which their absence or defect can elicit telomere dysfunction, which generally results in gross genomic instability and genetic diseases.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientfico e Tecnolgico (CNPq)

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A fragmentao de habitats decorrente principalmente da expanso da agropecuria no Brasil, bem como o declnio observado em escala mundial dos polinizadores (abelhas em sua maioria), atestam a gravidade do problema ambiental que enfrentamos atualmente. Baixos nveis de polinizao de plantas em geral podem ocasionar problemas econmicos na rea da alimentao humana, visto que muitas espcies vegetais importantes para nosso consumo dependem das abelhas para sua reproduo e conseqente formao de frutos. Assim, a execuo de planos de manejo em reas cultivadas, envolvendo medidas de proteo para polinizadores e que visem a manuteno de reas verdes no entorno de plantaes so importantes estratgias para amenizar o impacto que o homem exerce sobre a natureza. Nesse aspecto, esse estudo tratou de investigar a preferncia alimentar de abelhas amostradas em flores de Solanum viarum Dunal e a biologia floral e sistema de reproduo nessa espcie. Os conhecimentos e informaes obtidos a partir de trabalhos como esses compreendem uma parte essencial de planos de conservao para o grupo de polinizadores. S. viarum uma solancea ruderal, que ocorre em campos abertos e ambientes perturbados. Apresenta deiscncia das anteras do tipo poricida, auto-incompatvel e possui grande atratividade para inmeras espcies de abelhas vibradoras, como as dos gneros Bombus, Exomalopsis e da Famlia Halictidae. De acordo com os presentes resultados, pode-se afirmar que S. viarum caracteriza-se como uma espcie potencialmente doadora de plen para os polinizadores acima citados, e que seu plantio e manejo controlados ao redor de cultivos agrcolas, juntamente com outros tipos vegetais, pode aumentar a densidade de abelhas no entorno dessas reas e a rentabilidade de tais cultivos

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A polinizao um servio indireto prestado pelos ecossistemas, de valor ambiental e econmico para a sociedade humana. Em funo dessa importncia, a conservao de espcies de abelhas nativas fundamental e o conhecimento de aspectos da biologia e ecologia dessas espcies a base para a proposio de planos de manejo e conservao. Neste trabalho, foram feitas observaes focais, avaliando os padres de atividades dirias e sazonais, com nfase no comportamento de coletas de recursos de abelhas nativas em flores de Solanum lycocarpum, uma espcie em que caracterstica a sndrome de polinizao vibrtil. Os visitantes observados foram dez espcies de abelhas: Apis mellifera L., Oxaea flavescens K.; Centris sp1, Centris sp2, Exomalopsis sp.., Xylocopa suspecta M., Xylocopa frontalis K., Bombus morio S., Bombus atratus F., Trigona sp., alm de espcies de abelhas da famlia Halictidae. As abelhas maiores, como Xylocopa, Oxaea, Centris e Bombus so certamente os polinizadores mais eficientes de Solanum lycocarpum. Isso se deve ao comportamento dessas abelhas nas flores, particularmente em relao posio da abelha em relao ao cone de anteras quando forrageia e seqncia de movimentos que cada uma desenvolve nas flores.

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Bulbophyllum, which comprises 1876 species, is considered the second largest genus of angiosperms, with a pantropical distribution. The morphological and anatomical floral studies in the genus are incipient, with data restricted to the gynostemium and lip of some species. Based on molecular data, six sections were recognized within Bulbophyllum at the Neotropics, amongst them Bulbophyllum sect. Micranthae, which comprises 12 species distributed in central South America. We aimed to study the floral anatomy of six species of Bulbophyllum sect. Micranthae, in order to determine useful characters to differentiate them and contribute to the anatomical characterization of the section as a whole. Floral anatomy was assessed through usual techniques of light microscopy. The data found here for B. adiamantinum, B. chloroglossum, B. epiphytum, B. mentosum, B. micranthum and B. rupicolum allowed to identificate the presence of glandular trichomes and the possible presence of a secretory region on the lip, which might produce substances used as a reward to pollinators. The most significant anatomical characters to the species characterization were the shape and ornamentation of the outer periclinal walls of the epidermal cells, as well as the number of vascular bundles in dorsal and lateral sepals and at the lip. The data also allowed the differentiation between B. epiphytum and B. rupicolum, species very similar in morphology and phylogenetically related. Besides that, the data also allowed the discussion regarding the maintenance of B. mentosum within the section: although its inclusion is supported by molecular studies, the anatomical data here presented shows greater differences compared to the other species, not supporting its maintenance in Bulbophyllum sect. Micranthae

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Ps-graduao em Agronomia (Produo Vegetal) - FCAV