Efeito de recurso floral na composi����o qualitativa de apitoxina

P��s-gradua����o em Zootecnia - FMVZ

Reproductive biology of Hepatus pudibundus (Crustacea: Brachyura), the most abundant crab on the southeastern Brazilian coast

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Influence of Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on the Use of the Most Abundant and Attractive Floral Resources in a Plant Community

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)

What do floral anatomy and micromorphology tell us about Neotropical Bulbophyllum section Didactyle (Orchidaceae: Bulbophyllinae)?

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Recent advances in the understanding of brown spider venoms: From the biology of spiders to the molecular mechanisms of toxins

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)

Produ����o de chic��ria da amaz��nia cultivada sob densidades de cultivo e poda do pend��o floral

Chicory is a vegetable Amazon unconventional flavor that has attracted the attention of researchers for its great versatility, which makes it a promising vegetable. However, jobs are scarce in the literature on cultivation techniques for the species. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pruning tassel floral and different spacing, the yield on Amazon chicory. Three different spacings: E1 = 0.15 x 0.15 m, with 44 plants m(2), E2 = 0.20 x 0.20 m, with 25 plants m(2), and E3 = 0.25 x 0.25 m, with 16 plants m(2), with and without pruning floral tassel. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design in a split plot design 3 x 2, with six replications. The characteristics evaluated were: number of leaves, fresh weight and dry weight of shoots, number of tassel floral tassel floral fresh weight, yield (kg m(-2)), and leaf area index (LAI). The largest production of chicory Amazon was obtained in plants grown at a spacing of 0.25 x 0.25 m subjected to pruning floral tassel. The highest yield for Amazon chicory was obtained in plants grown at a spacing of 0.15 x 0.15 m submitted pruning floral tassel.

Population biology and distribution of the portunid crab Callinectes ornatus (Decapoda: Brachyura) in an estuary-bay complex of southern Brazil

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Biology of Triatoma carcavalloi Jurberg, Rocha & Lent, 1998 under laboratory conditions

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Influence of Abiotic Factors and Floral Resource Availability on Daily Foraging Activity of Bees

In this study, the daily and seasonal influences of abiotic factors and the amount of floral resources on the foraging frequency of bees were determined. The experiments were performed, during 12 consecutive months, in the main floral sources used by bees in a secondary forest fragment. The foraging frequency of each bee species on flowers of each plant was recorded for 20-min periods, every hour. To verify whether the foraging activity is influenced by abiotic factors, Pearson's correlation analysis and linear regression tests were performed for the dominant bee species. Temperature and luminosity were the two main abiotic factors regulating foraging activities of bees. A positive correlation was found between the foraging frequency of most bees and these two variables. Conversely, the foraging activity was influenced neither by the relative humidity nor by the wind speed. The activity of each species depends on a combination of factors that include not only abiotic variables, but also the amount of floral resources available during the day, body size, and behavior of each visitor. After a certain period of the day, the scarcity of floral resources produced by most plants can stimulate the bees to forage in the flowers early in subsequent days, which may occur before the period in which the abiotic conditions are really favorable.

Telomere and Telomerase Biology

Telomeres are the physical ends of eukaryotic linear chromosomes. Telomeres form special structures that cap chromosome ends to prevent degradation by nucleolytic attack and to distinguish chromosome termini from DNA double-strand breaks. With few exceptions, telomeres are composed primarily of repetitive DNA associated with proteins that interact specifically with double- or single-stranded telomeric DNA or with each other, forming highly ordered and dynamic complexes involved in telomere maintenance and length regulation. In proliferative cells and unicellular organisms, telomeric DNA is replicated by the actions of telomerase, a specialized reverse transcriptase. In the absence of telomerase, some cells employ a recombination-based DNA replication pathway known as alternative lengthening of telomeres. However, mammalian somatic cells that naturally lack telomerase activity show telomere shortening with increasing age leading to cell cycle arrest and senescence. In another way, mutations or deletions of telomerase components can lead to inherited genetic disorders, and the depletion of telomeric proteins can elicit the action of distinct kinases-dependent DNA damage response, culminating in chromosomal abnormalities that are incompatible with life. In addition to the intricate network formed by the interrelationships among telomeric proteins, long noncoding RNAs that arise from subtelomeric regions, named telomeric repeat-containing RNA, are also implicated in telomerase regulation and telomere maintenance. The goal for the next years is to increase our knowledge about the mechanisms that regulate telomere homeostasis and the means by which their absence or defect can elicit telomere dysfunction, which generally results in gross genomic instability and genetic diseases.

The biology and thermal requirements of the fennel aphid Hyadaphis foeniculi (Passerini) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient��fico e Tecnol��gico (CNPq)

Biologia floral e sistema reprodutivo em Solanum viarum Dunal, e caracteriza����o da amplitude de dieta de suas abelhas visitantes em uma ��rea da UNESP - campus de Rio Claro

A fragmenta����o de habitats decorrente principalmente da expans��o da agropecu��ria no Brasil, bem como o decl��nio observado em escala mundial dos polinizadores (abelhas em sua maioria), atestam a gravidade do problema ambiental que enfrentamos atualmente. Baixos n��veis de poliniza����o de plantas em geral podem ocasionar problemas econ��micos na ��rea da alimenta����o humana, visto que muitas esp��cies vegetais importantes para nosso consumo dependem das abelhas para sua reprodu����o e conseq��ente forma����o de frutos. Assim, a execu����o de planos de manejo em ��reas cultivadas, envolvendo medidas de prote����o para polinizadores e que visem a manuten����o de ��reas verdes no entorno de planta����es s��o importantes estrat��gias para amenizar o impacto que o homem exerce sobre a natureza. Nesse aspecto, esse estudo tratou de investigar a prefer��ncia alimentar de abelhas amostradas em flores de Solanum viarum Dunal e a biologia floral e sistema de reprodu����o nessa esp��cie. Os conhecimentos e informa����es obtidos a partir de trabalhos como esses compreendem uma parte essencial de planos de conserva����o para o grupo de polinizadores. S. viarum �� uma solan��cea ruderal, que ocorre em campos abertos e ambientes perturbados. Apresenta deisc��ncia das anteras do tipo poricida, �� auto-incompat��vel e possui grande atratividade para in��meras esp��cies de abelhas vibradoras, como as dos g��neros Bombus, Exomalopsis e da Fam��lia Halictidae. De acordo com os presentes resultados, pode-se afirmar que S. viarum caracteriza-se como uma esp��cie potencialmente doadora de p��len para os polinizadores acima citados, e que seu plantio e manejo controlados ao redor de cultivos agr��colas, juntamente com outros tipos vegetais, pode aumentar a densidade de abelhas no entorno dessas ��reas e a rentabilidade de tais cultivos

Comportamento forrageiro de abelhas visitantes de Solanun lycocarpum (Solanaceae) St. Hill e aspectos da biologia floral

A poliniza����o �� um servi��o indireto prestado pelos ecossistemas, de valor ambiental e econ��mico para a sociedade humana. Em fun����o dessa import��ncia, a conserva����o de esp��cies de abelhas nativas �� fundamental e o conhecimento de aspectos da biologia e ecologia dessas esp��cies �� a base para a proposi����o de planos de manejo e conserva����o. Neste trabalho, foram feitas observa����es focais, avaliando os padr��es de atividades di��rias e sazonais, com ��nfase no comportamento de coletas de recursos de abelhas nativas em flores de Solanum lycocarpum, uma esp��cie em que �� caracter��stica a s��ndrome de poliniza����o vibr��til. Os visitantes observados foram dez esp��cies de abelhas: Apis mellifera L., Oxaea flavescens K.; Centris sp1, Centris sp2, Exomalopsis sp.., Xylocopa suspecta M., Xylocopa frontalis K., Bombus morio S., Bombus atratus F., Trigona sp., al��m de esp��cies de abelhas da fam��lia Halictidae. As abelhas maiores, como Xylocopa, Oxaea, Centris e Bombus s��o certamente os polinizadores mais eficientes de Solanum lycocarpum. Isso se deve ao comportamento dessas abelhas nas flores, particularmente em rela����o �� posi����o da abelha em rela����o ao cone de anteras quando forrageia e �� seq����ncia de movimentos que cada uma desenvolve nas flores.

Anatomia floral de esp��cies de Bulbophyllum sect. Micranthae (Orchidaceae, Asparagales)

Bulbophyllum, which comprises 1876 species, is considered the second largest genus of angiosperms, with a pantropical distribution. The morphological and anatomical floral studies in the genus are incipient, with data restricted to the gynostemium and lip of some species. Based on molecular data, six sections were recognized within Bulbophyllum at the Neotropics, amongst them Bulbophyllum sect. Micranthae, which comprises 12 species distributed in central South America. We aimed to study the floral anatomy of six species of Bulbophyllum sect. Micranthae, in order to determine useful characters to differentiate them and contribute to the anatomical characterization of the section as a whole. Floral anatomy was assessed through usual techniques of light microscopy. The data found here for B. adiamantinum, B. chloroglossum, B. epiphytum, B. mentosum, B. micranthum and B. rupicolum allowed to identificate the presence of glandular trichomes and the possible presence of a secretory region on the lip, which might produce substances used as a reward to pollinators. The most significant anatomical characters to the species characterization were the shape and ornamentation of the outer periclinal walls of the epidermal cells, as well as the number of vascular bundles in dorsal and lateral sepals and at the lip. The data also allowed the differentiation between B. epiphytum and B. rupicolum, species very similar in morphology and phylogenetically related. Besides that, the data also allowed the discussion regarding the maintenance of B. mentosum within the section: although its inclusion is supported by molecular studies, the anatomical data here presented shows greater differences compared to the other species, not supporting its maintenance in Bulbophyllum sect. Micranthae

Podrid��o floral dos citros: controle preventivo mediante fungicidas, biorreguladores e fertilizantes qu��micos

P��s-gradua����o em Agronomia (Produ����o Vegetal) - FCAV