Avaliação da flexibilidade e dor de idosos fisicamente ativos e sedentários

Introduction: Among others things, ageing results in neuromuscular decrease. The physical activity practice may to influence positively the ageing process. Objective: To evaluate the flexibility and the level of pain on the sedentary and physically active elderly. Method: Forty-two elderly participated of this study, both male and female, (twenty-two physically active and twenty sedentary), over sixty years old and functionally capable to perform the evaluations suggested. They were submitted to tests of decrease in anterior flexion of the trunk, Stibor and Shoeber to evaluate the flexibility and then they signalized the level of pain on the analogic visual scale. The data obtained on the valuations has been analyzed utilizing the non-parametric statistic test Mann-Whitney, considering the level of significance of 5% (p<0,05), in order to compare the performance among the groups. Results: It has not been observed significant di- fferences among the groups referring to the tests Stibor and analogic visual scale. On Shoeber and FAT tests has been observed significant differences (p<0,05) among the groups, with a better performance to the active group. Conclusion: The physical activity practicing interfere on the mobility and on the flexibility of the elderly body segment.

A qualidade de placas de circuito impresso confeccionadas a partir de poliestireno reciclado

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Processamento e caracterização de compósito fibra de sisal/resina epóxi via RTM

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A construção de movimento com propósito em português

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Caracterização de argilas usadas para produção de cerâmica vermelha e estudo das alterações nas suas propriedades pela adição de resíduos

Neste trabalho são apresentados os resultados de caracterização das principais argilas usadas pela indústria cerâmica vermelha regional e, também, de alguns resíduos sólidos produzidos na região de Presidente Prudente - SP. Os resultados da incorporação destes resíduos em massas cerâmicas são avaliados através do estudo de suas propriedades tecnológicas. Para a caracterização dos materiais foram utilizadas as seguintes técnicas: análise textural (concentração das frações areia, silte e argila), difratometria de raios X e análise térmica. As propriedades tecnológicas de corpos de prova cerâmicos foram avaliadas através dos seguintes parâmetros: retração linear (RL), perda de massa ao fogo (PF), massa específica aparente (MEA), porosidade aparente (PA), absorção de água (AA) e resistência mecânica à flexão (RMF). Corpos de prova, com diferentes concentrações de resíduos, foram prensados (prensa uniaxial manual) e queimados em temperaturas que variaram de 800 a 1200 oC, usando um forno tipo mufla com controle de temperatura. As argilas sedimentares foram coletadas nas margens do rio Paraná e em áreas de várzea, próximas as cerâmicas. As amostras estudadas, coletadas nos depósitos das cerâmicas, são usadas para produção de tijolos maciços, blocos furados e telhas. Quatro tipos diferentes de resíduos foram estudados: (1) lodo de estação de tratamento de água ETA, (2) torta de filtro de indústria de re-refino de óleo lubrificante, (3) pó de vidro (soda-cal) de garrafa tipo long neck descartável, e (4) cinza de bagaço de cana. Estes resíduos foram incorporados em massas cerâmicas coletadas nas indústrias... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

O Método de Kane aplicado a um modelo de corpo humano para obtenção da pressão intradiscal na coluna lombar

Nos últimos anos tem surgido vários métodos para se estudar sistemas multicorpos. A vantagem destes métodos é a obtenção das equações do movimento de forma mais fácil e precisa. Robôs, manipuladores, mecanismos, satélites, máquinas em geral e sistemas biomcânicos, pelas suas características, podem ser vantajosamente tratados por formalismo multicorpo, mas precisamente, o método de Kane a um modelo do corpo humano, com a finalidade de se determinar a pressão intradiscal entre as vértebras L4/L5 da coluna lombar, em algumas atividades normais de vida diária, como: sentar, abaixar, pegar e elevar cargas, realizar movimentos de flexão e extensão. Pretendeu-se, também obter os esforços internos nas diversas articulações deste modelo. A pressão intradiscal representa um parâmetro importante para caracterizar a sobrecarga na coluna, podendo ter relação com a degeneração do disco intervertebral, o que produz muita dor em indivíduos. Inicialmente, o modelo foi proposto e o método de Kane foi aplicado para se obter as equações do movimento. Para resolvê-las, foi necessário realiza a filmagem de um sujeito realizando as atividades citadas, a fim de se obter as equações das trajetórias dos diversos segmentos do corpo humano. Após a simulação, os parâmetros desejados foram obtidos e comparados com valores experimentais citados na literatura.

Avaliação da instabilidade atlanto-axial em indivíduos com síndrome de Down por meio de radiografias da coluna cervical

O objetivo nesta pesquisa consiste em fazer um trabalho de prevenção junto às instituições APAE (Associação de Pais e Amigos de Excepcionais) e ASIN (Associação de síndrome de Down), ambas de São José dos Campos e ASPAD (Associação de Pais e Amigos de síndrome de Down) de Jacareí, orientando e avaliando sobre a presença ou não da instabilidade atlanto-axial (IAA), assim como verificar a prevalência dessa anormalidade nesses indivíduos. Foram convidados a participar do projeto todos os indivíduos das três instituições de assistência à SD, tendo formado uma amostra com 68 indivíduos, com idades entre 2 a 34 anos, sendo 39 do sexo masculino e 29 do feminino. Foram realizadas radiografias da coluna cervical nas posições de extensão, flexão e neutra, para as quais todos os responsáveis assinaram termo de consentimento. A verificação da IAA foi feita pela análise da distância atlanto-odontóide (DAO), utilizando o programa Radiocef, com uma ferramenta criada para isso. A DAO foi analisada nas três incidências, e era considerada a presença de IAA desde que o indivíduo apresentasse valores ?4,5mm em pelo menos uma dessas posições. Após a realização dos testes estatísticos e análise dos resultados, concluímos que a prevalência de IAA foi de 22,1% dos indivíduos, com valores DAO entre 4,5 e 8,83mm, tendo sido mais prevalente nos indivíduos do sexo masculino do que feminino, assim como nas crianças do que nos jovens e adultos. Foi possível verificar também que, a posição de flexão apresentou maior prevalência de IAA, mas que ela não deve sobrepor às posições de extensão e neutra, pois pode omitir casos ausentes em flexão, mas presentes nas outras posições. Dessa forma, foi realizado o trabalho de prevenção com a avaliação da IAA por meio da realização dos exames radiográficos em que os laudos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

O controle de preensão em pinça em adultos jovens: efeito da posição do punho

The human hand is the focus of inumerous research studies. Human individuals are capable of performing manual tasks beyond the ability of any other animal. Such large motor ability is due in part to contact surface of the pulp thumb in opposition to the other fingers. Evidences in the literature show that the position of the upper limb influences the ability of hand strength and control. Specifically, the position of the wrist has great influence on the production of pinch strength. The main objective of this study was to investigate the influence of wrist position on the pinch grip with the thumb in opposition to the index finger. Participants of the present study were 21 undergraduate students, 10 men and 11 women. Participants performed a pinch grip task in three wrist positions - maximum flexion, maximum extension and neutral - on two force conditions - 20% and 40% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). MVC was measured in two attempts in each of the three positions of the wrist for a period of three seconds, and the trial of the best result was used as the parameter for task performance. In each trial participants maintained the force production at position for 10 seconds. All participants performed each test condition four times, and the first was used as a familiarization trial and discarded from further analysis. In all trials visual feedback online was provided. Results of both group gender showed variability was similar for force production. Men were stronger than women, but this difference was not significant and both produced on the average more strength in the neutral wrist position than in flexion or extension. In the extended position participants were significantly less variable than in the flexion and neutral positions. We obtained a significant positive correlation between weight and pinch force...(Complete abstracts click electronic access below)

Painel particulado composto por casca de eucalipto na camada intermediária

This work was developed to evalute the physical and mechanical properties of a panel of three particle layers from the test specification of NBR 14810-3 (2006), using wood of Eucalyptus sp. and Eucalyptus saligna and Eucalyptus urograndis bark. The mechanical properties were evaluated to obtain the bending modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) and Internal bond. The physical properties were obtained thickness sweeling, water absorption, moisture content and board density. Were evaluated four different compositions of panels containing 5, 10, 15 and 20% in the inner layer of bark. The results were compared with the Brazilian standard NBR 14810-2 (2006) and also with studies in the literature. The panels produced were adequate to all the optimal values suggested by the standard only in the composition with 5% skin in the inner layer. The other treatments showed satisfactory results in all tests except for moisture content

Comportamento de indivíduos com doença de Parkinson no levantar da cadeira e no início da marcha: relações com o envelhecimento

Large motor dysfunctions are observed in older adults with the age advance. Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients have motor deficits to perform daily living activities. To raise from a chair, a daily task necessary to live independently, requires both large muscle recruitment and large joint range of motion to achieve the vertical position safely. Normally, we initiate gait after raise from a chair. The aim of this study was to analyze the PD patients’ behavior when rising from a chair and initiating gait and to compare it according to the age advance. In order to do that, 23 PD patients (66.61±7.64 years old) were distributed in three age groups: Young group, between 51 and 60 years of age (n=7); intermediary group, between 61 and 70 years of age (n=7); and elderly group, over 70 years of age (n=9). There were no statistical differences among groups either for the disease evolution stage or for it compromising. The task was to stand from a chair and to initiate gait forward in three attempts. The dependent variables were: spatial and temporal (first step length and duration, and stride length, duration and velocity) and angular (flexion and extension of head, shoulder, hip, knee, and ankle). The motion of standing from a chair was divided in two phases. The data was statistically treated by means of Analyses of Variance with group as the only factor. The Scheffé’s post hoc test was used to localize differences among groups and the significance level was adjusted to p≤0.017. There were statistical differences for stride...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Subluxação atlantoaxial canina

The atlantoaxial subluxation or luxation is an instability of this articulation that produces excessive flexion of this joint causing the cranial aspect of the axis to rotate dorsally into the vertebral channel with subsequent spinal cord compression. This disorder is most commonly found in young small breed dogs. The diagnosis of this disease is done by survey radiographs, where there is a larger distance between the atlas dorsal arch and the axis spinal process characterize the atlantoaxial subluxation. Surgical stabilization is the treatment of choice and multiple implants show the best results to stabilize the atlantoaxial joint. The main complications are sudden death or implant failure. The sudden death happens because of cardiorespiratory arrest and it is most likely caused by brainstem iatrogenic trauma. However, a larger study comparing different surgical stabilization techniques should be performed to evaluate relative success rates in dogs that have the same initial neurologic status

Avaliação das medidas articulares de membros pélvicos em ovinos

The aim of this study was to determine the angle of motion values for hindlimbs in clinically healthy adult Santa Ines sheep using a standard goniometer. Twenty female Santa Ines sheep weighing 32–45 kg (mean30.4, SD=3.7), and aged from three to six years old were used. A standard transparent plastic goniometer was used to measure passive maximum flexion, maximum extension, and range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder, elbow, carpal, hip, stifle, and tarsal joints, in the right and left limbs. The goniometric measurements were done with the sheep awake and in a standing position. The measurements were made in triplicate by two independent investigators. In all evaluated joints there was no significant difference between the means of both sides. No significant difference was observed between measurements performed by the two investigators. The mean (± SD) values of the measurements (degrees) were: 129 ± 4 (ROM) for tarsal joint; 46 ± 4 (flexion), 146 ± 6 (extension), and 100 ± 4 (ROM) for stifle joint; 54 ± 3 (flexion), 143 ± 7 (extension), and 89 ± 5 (ROM) for hip joint. The data obtained is useful to provide objective information of the joints. More studies are necessary using other breeds

Obtenção de constantes elásticas da madeira de duas espécies de Pinus sp

There are many studies about longitudinal modulus of elasticity of wood, but you can´t say the same of transverse modulus, especially for conifers. The study aimed to characterize and compare the species Pinus elliottii var. elliottii and Pinus elliottii var. elliottii x Pinus cariabeae hondurensis (hybrid), and the longitudinal modulus of elasticity (E) and lateral (G) in bending, to analyze the modulus of elasticity in different spaces and to verify the species studied the ideal range is equal to 21 times the height of the specimen, as prescribed in the normative document NBR 7190/1997, as well as analyzing the relationship G = E/20 defined in the normative document NBR 7190/1997. The wood came from the farm located in Paranapanema, split at the mill São José and the rest of the work was conducted at the Experimental Itapeva Campus - UNESP. Were removed fourteen specimens of each species. The average values of the modulus of elasticity and cross were, respectively, 5828 MPa and 452 MPa for Pinus elliottii var. elliottii and 6407 MPa and 320 MPa for the species of Pinus elliottii var. elliottii x Pinus cariabeae hondurensis (hybrid). The trend lines for the plotted graphs showed an exponential behavior to near linear 21he will equal the constant after this value. We have found the relationship G = E/13, for Pinus elliottii var. elliottii and G = E/20 for hybrid. The results of the modulus and strength for Pinus elliottii var. elliottii and the hybrid were lower than those reported in the literature, showing that this batch inferior quality to apply to structures

Estudo comparativo de dois tipos de painéis de MDP: com adição de papel impregnado e lâminas de bambu

This work is the production of two types of particle boards reconstructed MDP (Medium Density Particleboard), the first with the addition, in the inner layer of particles of impregnated paper, the ratios of 0%, 1%, 5% and 20 %. In the second type of panel MDP was inserted with blades of bamboo species Dendrocalumus giganteus as coatings and structural reinforcement. The MDP panel, used as a basis for both cases has the composition of three layers, two external particles with smaller particle size and an inner layer composed of particles of larger particle sizes. Assays were performed based on physical and mechanical NBR 14.810/2006 for the determination of the board density, thickness swelling, water absorption, moisture content, bending, tension parallel and perpendicular, and testing of particle sizes of the particles did not exists in standard references. The results were analyzed and compared the results of the commercial boards made from 100% eucalyptus, based on the limits specified by the ABNT NBR 14.810/2006. The values of the tests showed similar results indicating normative specifications in a positive way, the possibility of production of MDP with the use of waste paper impregnated. As for the panel with bamboo blades, the tests showed a mechanical performance far superior to MDP market, explaining the study and possible implementation of the bamboo for use where the MDP will suffer greater mechanical stress, such as doors, tops and benches tables

Análise das propriedades físico-mecânicas de painel particulado de eucalipto composto por três camadas com duas variações de pressão

The research aimed to produce sheets of particles with waste processing of Eucalyptus sp bonded with urea-formaldehyde and evaluate the effect of pressure variation in the quality of the boards produced. To do so, the Boards made were divided into two treatments depending on the pressing pressure of 30 to 40 kgf / cm². Once pressings, climatized, the particleboards have been sectioned in test samples, and underwent physical-mechanical tests for determining density, swelling and water absorption, modulus of rupture and elasticity in static bending and internal linking. The particleboards pressed at 40 kgf / cm ² showed the best results