A (in)visibilidade dos maus-tratos na infância: concepções e posicionamentos dos profissionais da Educação Infantil

Even though we have an advanced protective legislation regarding children, the maltreatment perpetrated against them is still considered a public health problem in our country, with significant rates in the 0 to 6 years old range. This practice results in serious damages to the development of the assaulted individual: mental health, social adaptation and integration, and even repetition of the learned model. The school, although required (art. 245, ECA) to denounce and notify suspected and/or proven cases of violence to the eligible public agencies, has a very low percentage of participation in these notifications. Therefore, the objective of this study was to map the conception, placement and forwarding done by kindergarten professional about suspected and/or proven cases of maltreatment in their students to determine how such phenomenon is known, recognized, (re)constructed and (re)produced in social relations. The surveyed institutions were five kindergarten public schools, located in a mid-size city in the state of São Paulo. The adopted methodological procedures were the collection and analysis of quantitative-qualitative data, based on the anthropological research method on urban social groups. To collect the data, we used the following instruments: the questionnaire (38) and the interviews (6), applied in the period of October/2009 to May/2010. The analysis of the obtained data indicated some factors that hinder an effective positioning in fighting violence: professionals report the presence of suspected maltreatment (45%), however, the allegations are not investigated; the lack of knowledge and/or distorted concepts about the legislation, and also indicators of the presence of maltreatment, of its negative consequences to the development of the child, the false belief in the sanctity of the family and that maltreatment only occurs in the ghetto, in the lower classes... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Canto dos contos: o percurso de uma oficina de narração de histórias para adultos, no contexto de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a experiência de uma oficina de narração de histórias, a oficina Canto dos Contos, realizada no contexto terapêutico de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (um CAPS), equipamento do Sistema Único de Saúde (o SUS), na cidade de São Paulo, em 2012. Considerando o CAPS como parte fundamental da reforma psiquiátrica brasileira, a oficina expressiva de narração de histórias foi buscando, ao longo de seu percurso, delinear seus limites e marcar suas diferenças em relação aos espaços terapêuticos já existentes no CAPS. Assim, a partir da escuta conjunta e apreciação de narrativas, acessamos lembranças resgatadas pelos participantes e pudemos criar, relembrar e renovar memórias antes confusas e esquecidas. Como resultado final, rodas de narrativas foram realizadas dentro e fora do espaço terapêutico do CAPS e um livro foi publicado. Essa presente contextualização e reflexão acerca de um trabalho realizado por uma arte/educadora em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial faz-se oportuna, uma vez que os CAPS’s e a saúde mental como um todo são um campo que vem se abrindo, cada vez mais, para profissionais de áreas artísticas, tanto pela afinidade que as Artes sempre tiveram com pensamentos que rompem com paradigmas de realidade, quanto pela potência terapêutica existente em práticas expressivas. Esperamos que pensar e avaliar a narração de histórias utilizada como instrumento no percurso terapêutico dos pacientes de um CAPS possa contribuir para que trabalhos semelhantes, neste e em outros contextos, aprimorem as experiências aqui descritas.

O benefício da Arte na Terceira Idade

A pesquisa proposta pretende analisar como a arte e a criatividade podem beneficiar a Terceira Idade e suas questões de saúde, especificamente seu bem-estar e sua saúde mental. Consequentemente, enfatizar a importância da arte para a sociedade, especificamente para o idoso. Paralelamente, será observado o comportamento e a parte criativa dos mesmos, através de oficinas ministradas. Parte-se do pressuposto que a arte é uma área de suma importância para a saúde mental e oferece suporte teórico prático para a educação. Devido às alterações na faixa etária brasileira, percebe-se o aumento significativo da longevidade do indivíduo, daí a necessidade de buscar meios, os quais possam possibilitar um envelhecer saudável. Observa-se que a arte é uma ferramenta imprescindível. Desse modo, a pesquisa pretende oferecer, através do meio artístico e de oficinas, um espaço que proporcionará à Terceira Idade a oportunidade de trabalhar e exercitar seu lado criativo, sua mente e sua autoestima, com a melhora de sua saúde mental

Expectativas sobre os efeitos do uso de álcool e padrão de beber em alunos de ensino médio

Studies have shown that adolescents begin to make use of alcoholic beverages earlier and excessively, a behavior which has several negative consequences. Thus, the present study aims at investigating whether the expectations they have for the effects of alcohol consumption are high or low and if there is a relationship between expectation and consumption pattern. AUDIT and IECPA were applied as data collection instruments. The first indentifies the pattern of alcohol use and the second investigates the expectations the subjects have in relation to the use of alcohol. The results of this study, differently than others, do not evidence the positive relationship between binge-drinking and high expectations about the use of alcohol.

Desenvolvimento cognitivo e sintomas depressivos em adolescentes que fazem uso de bebidas alcoólicas

Surveys on alcohol use show that people usually begin using this substance as adolescents. In this stage of development, it is common for some people to show depressive symptoms. The combination of alcohol and depressive symptoms may affect students’ cognitive and school development. This study aims at identifying and discussing on the relationship between alcohol use in adolescents, depression and the consequences on cognitive development. Participants were 127 students of two schools in the state of São Paulo, who answered the AUDIT, the BDI and Tests for Operatory Development. Results show that excessive alcohol use is significant, but we did not observe a relationship between alcohol use, depressive symptoms and low cognitive performance.

Redes de apoio às famílias de dependentes de álcool e outras drogas: uma interface com as políticas públicas intersetoriais

Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

Caminhos de uma rede: o percurso do usuário de álcool e outras drogas

Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS

Effectiveness of different methods for the detection of binge drinking in dentistry students

The purpose of this study was to estimate the alcoholic beverage consumption among undergraduate students of a Dentistry Course and compare the effectiveness of screening methods for the detection of binge drinking. A total of 284 undergraduate students participated in the research. We used the full AUDIT and their reduced forms (AUDIT-3 and AUDIT-C). In addition, a ROC curve was created and its area was calculated. Of the students, 91.0% and 90.6% of the male and female genders, respectively, reported alcohol beverage consumption. Bing-drinking behavior occurred in 69.2% of the men and in 52.4% of the women. The 3 methods showed good discriminatory ability. For the women, there was a significant difference between the AUDIT-3 and AUDIT-C. Both the complete version of AUDIT and its reduced forms presented good discriminatory ability

Confiabilidade do teste de identificação de transtornos devido ao uso de álcool (AUDIT) em adolescentes

The objective of this study was to estimate the reliability of the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) applied to adolescents. Evaluations were performed with 141 students of ages ranging from 14 to 17 years (14.93±0.62). The internal consistency of the instrument was estimated by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and its reproducibility by weighted Kappa statistics by score and by a reliability interval of 95%. The AUDIT presented excellent internal consistency (α=0.80, rinter-item=0.29). Most questions present reproducibility ranked as “good”. It is concluded that the AUDIT is a reliable instrument to survey information about alcohol use in adolescents.

A inovação para o desenvolvimento social: políticas públicas e internacionalização

Os sete textos aqui apresentados resultam de seleção realizada entre 296 trabalhos em outubro de 2013, durante o VII Congresso de Extensão Universitária da Unesp. Abrangem propostas inovadoras nas áreas de Direitos Humanos, Educação, Espaços Construídos, Política e Economia, Saúde e Tecnologia. O trabalho “Educação e Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA)” propõe preparar agentes sociais e professores da cidade de Rio Claro e região para que o trabalho com as crianças e adolescentes possa ser mais efetivo em relação à aplicabilidade do ECA e para fortalecer as redes de atendimento. Em “Cursinho Pré-Vestibular Gera Bixo” o objetivo é a redução do déficit educacional do aluno proveniente do ensino público. O trabalho relata que em oito anos de existência o cursinho aprovou mais de duzentos alunos em universidades públicas ou particulares com 100% de bolsa e que o índice de aprovações alcançou 47% em 2012. “O direito à habitação e o papel da universidade pública” discute a habitação enquanto direito social assegurado pela Constituição. Trata de pesquisas e propostas alternativas para a habitação social que possibilitem custos mais baixos. Os autores de “Transparência e controle social: a experiência do Observatório da Gestão Pública de Marília (SP)” relatam como o Observatório viabiliza a prática do controle social da gestão e a advocacia de ideias no âmbito do município de Marília. O trabalho “Atendimento aos pacientes do Centro de Oncologia Bucal da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba Unesp” tem como objetivo ampliar o número e os tipos de atendimento de pacientes portadores de patologias bucais, orientar os alunos nos procedimentos de exame clínico, complementares e cirúrgicos, visando ao diagnóstico e tratamento das patologias bucais. Utilizar a jardinagem e a horticultura na recuperação de pacientes com dependência química, alcoólatras e desabilitados do Núcleo de Saúde Mental (Cerdif), de Ilha Solteira foi a proposta de “Jardinagem como terapia ocupacional na recuperação de pacientes do Cerdif/Ilha Solteira (SP). Em “Equipamentos para promoção de melhor qualidade de vida de pessoas com deficiência motora” os autores partiram do censo de 2010, segundo o qual 13,17 milhões de brasileiros declararam-se portadores de algum tipo de deficiência grave. Para contribuir com essa população, o Grupo de Pesquisa Novas Tecnologias e Qualidade de Vida dos Deficientes Físicos tem fabricado diversos equipamentos voltados à tecnologia assistiva.

Atenção Psicossocial e Psicologia: um mapeamento da produção científica

By the end of the 1970´s, begins the Psychiatric Reform Movement, whose development was the beginning of the construction of a new model, here termed Psychosocial Attention, to substitute the traditional psychiatric model. As such, aspires to be a process of paradigm shift and, therefore, requires transformations in the fields: theoretical-conceptual, technical-assistance, legal-political e sociocultural. This qualitative study composes a research which sought to ascertain the scientific production on the topic conducted by psychology, from the implementation of the Brazilian National Health System and the creation of new services to mental health care. In this sense, it proposed to investigate how the papers published in journals of psychology found in the database LILACS, since 1990, contribute to the process of building a new model that actually replace the so-called traditional psychiatric model.

A intersetorialidade nas publicações acerca do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil

Current children and youth mental health policy proposes that actions assumed in this field should be added to many others, so that, in a process of permanent intersectional dialogue integral care is assured, according to the Psychosocial paradigm. This paper reflects upon the intersectional place in the last decade scientific papers published in Brazilian journals, and their Mental Health conceptions. We analyzed fourteen indexed papers which dealt with Brazilian Children and Youth Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPSi). Most of these publications focused on individual clinical watch suggesting that Mental Health is understood as a universal and ontological category dependent on the subject’s intrapsychic mechanisms. Some of these studies make reference to the intersectional matter, although it is not clearly discussed. In sum, we understood that the actions assumed by CAPSi cannot neglect others, and discussions should be seriously considered in the scientific field.

O sujeito-comprimido

Is it possible to encapsulate in a pill the benefits of an analytical treatment? Quickly suspending the symptoms? Since the nineteenth century psychiatry has offered to the so called mentally ill "medieval forms" of treatment, as is the case of institutional admissions, the straightjacket, lobotomies, shock treatments, etc. What has changed since the mid-twentieth century advent of chlorpromazine, the first psychoactive drug, and the "psychopharmacological revolution"? Today with the Psychiatric Reform mental institutions admissions are being gradually abandoned, yet we see the rise of psychoactive drugs as protagonists in mental health treatment. This theoretical essay is an extension of a master's thesis in progress on the long-term use of psychotropic drugs. It falls within the field of mental health, specifically in the debate on the medicalization of society in contemporary processes of subjectivation of the psychiatric clinics and the treatment modalities currently offered to individuals in their suffering-existence. Thus, we seek to problematize this degrading psychiatric clinics, which produces what we call the pill-subject.

Transtornos alimentares

Over the last decades of the 20th century, our society started an endless search for an ideal of beauty, advertised intensely by mass communication media. The concept of beauty pursued is being young, beautiful and thin. Thus, teenagers eventually die in the search for an ideal of body dominated by fat-fearing ideas. This article is a report about the field experience, during the collection of data for elaborating our Master’s Degree Dissertation on anorexia and adolescence. We went through an internship in an Eating Disease Program of a Mental Health Ambulatory from a Public University in the State of Sao Paulo, where we were able to experience the service organization, attention to users and the experience of anorexia, by the users in treatment. As the main result from this experience, it is possible to indicate the clientele profile, comprised predominantly by teenage girls, obsessed with the incessant pursuit of being thinner.

Flores do abismo, imagens do inconsciente [2012]

Presented in a rehearsal form, this article aims to bring out a historical discussion about the relationship between art-madness in Brazil. Result of a research that had as object the critical fortune written on the first exhibit of the Museum of Images of the Unconscious, this work aims to connect two little closer fields: art criticism and mental health, especially since Mário Pedrosa’s work. It was possible to ascertain, throughout the investigation, that there was a position taken by art critics at that time (the 1940s), that position is basically divided into two, briefly explored here: those who encouraged the exhibits, and thereby attested the artistic value of the work produced in the studio of Pedro II Psychiatric Center (where it was founded the Museum); and those who decried the artistic character of "unconscious images", as would be known the works that were produced there. Thus, we can say that, indeed, the virgin art – so entitled by Pedrosa – functioned as a kind of sting to the renewal of our health practices, but mainly influenced the completion of a cycle of modernism in our country.