Características quantitativas da carcaça de cordeiros deslanados Morada Nova em função da relação volumoso:concentrado na dieta

Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da relação volumoso:concentrado sobre a composição tecidual e os rendimentos de carcaça e de cortes comerciais de cordeiros Morada Nova em confinamento, utilizaram-se 18 cordeiros com peso vivo (PV) inicial de 15 kg, distribuídos em seis grupos de três animais (um em cada dieta), de acordo com a relação volumoso(V):concentrado(C): 40:60, 55:45 e 70:30. Foram avaliados os pesos de corpo vazio (PCV), de carcaça quente (PCQ) e de carcaça fria (PCF), a partir dos quais foram calculados os rendimentos biológico (RB), de carcaça quente (RCQ) e de carcaça fria (RCF) e a perda de peso por resfriamento (PPR). A carcaça foi dividida em cinco cortes cárneos (perna, lombo, costelas, paleta e pescoço), os quais foram pesados para cálculo de seus rendimentos em relação ao peso da meia-carcaça. A perna foi dissecada em músculo, osso e gordura e os pesos desses tecidos foram expressos em peso absoluto e em porcentagem da perna. Calcularam-se as relações músculo:osso e músculo:gordura, o índice de musculosidade da perna (IMP) e a área de olho-de-lombo (AOL). O aumento de 30 para 60% de concentrado na dieta elevou os rendimentos de carcaça quente e carcaça fria, assim como o rendimento biológico. Os crescentes teores de concentrado na dieta não afetaram a porcentagem de músculo na perna, mas proporcionaram maior deposição de gordura e maior área de olho-de-lombo.

Description of eggs and nymphal instars of Triatoma baratai Carcavallo & Jurberg, 2000 based on optical and scanning electron microscopy (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

LEARNING A COMPLEX MOTOR SKILL FROM VIDEO and POINT-LIGHT DEMONSTRATIONS

The aim of this Study was to compare the learning process of a highly complex ballet skill following demonstrations of point light and video models 16 participants divided into point light and video groups (ns = 8) performed 160 trials of a pirouette equally distributed in blocks of 20 trials alternating periods of demonstration and practice with a retention test a day later Measures of head and trunk oscillation coordination d1 parity from the model and movement time difference showed similarities between video and point light groups ballet experts evaluations indicated superiority of performance in the video over the point light group Results are discussed in terms of the task requirements of dissociation between head and trunk rotations focusing on the hypothesis of sufficiency and higher relevance of information contained in biological motion models applied to learning of complex motor skills

QTL for percentage of carcass and carcass parts in a broiler x layer cross

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Mapas de dor corporal aprimoram os relatos das queixas dolorosas em pacientes com dor orofacial

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Identificar as queixas dolorosas dos pacientes é essencial para determinar diagnósticos e intervenções terapêuticas adequadas em dor orofacial (DOF). Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a frequência das queixas de dor relatadas comparando-as àquelas marcadas pelos pacientes em mapas de dor. MÉTODO: Os dados foram coletados dos prontuários de 532 pacientes da Clínica de Dor Orofacial da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara. Os indivíduos responderam a um questionário informando suas queixas de dor e completaram um mapa corporal indicando as áreas dolorosas. A frequência dos relatos foi comparada à frequência dos locais identificados nos mapas. Foram consideradas nove regiões anatômicas: cabeça, face, pescoço, ombros, braços, tórax, abdômen, costas e pernas. Também foram calculados sensibilidade, especificidade e valores kappa comparando os relatos de dor aos mapas, os últimos considerados padrão-ouro. RESULTADOS: A média etária da amostra foi de 33,5 ± 13,8 anos, 33,9 ± 13,9 anos para as mulheres e 31,7 ± 13,1 anos para os homens. Foi observada maior prevalência de dor entre as mulheres. em ambos os gêneros, as regiões com mais queixas de dor estavam localizadas na parte superior do corpo e uma diferença significativa entre os relatos de dor e os desenhos de dor foi observada para as regiões abaixo do pescoço. Os mapas de dor corporal demonstraram superioridade sobre os relatos de dor na identificação das queixas dolorosas durante a anamnese. CONCLUSÃO: O relato da queixa principal não foi um método eficiente para conhecer todas as queixas dolorosas, pois os mapas corporais evidenciaram a presença de dores adicionais em pacientes com DOF.

Rendimentos dos cortes e não-componentes das carcaças de cordeiros terminados com dietas contendo diferentes fontes de óleo vegetal

Objetivou-se avaliar os rendimentos dos cortes e dos não-componentes das carcaças de cordeiros Santa Inês puros e ½ Dorset ½ Santa Inês, alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes fontes de óleo vegetal (óleo de soja, óleo de canola e óleo de linhaça) e uma dieta controle (sem adição de óleo vegetal). Após o abate, foram coletados sangue, pele, aparelho gastrintestinal cheio (esôfago + estômagos + intestinos delgado e grosso com seus conteúdos), aparelho gastrintestinal vazio (esôfago + estômagos + intestinos delgado e grosso, previamente esvaziados e limpos), aparelho reprodutor + bexiga, baço, fígado, coração, aparelho respiratório, rins com gordura perirrenal, cabeça, patas e cauda, que foram pesados para determinação do rendimento em relação ao peso vivo ao abate. Após resfriamento por 24 horas em câmara fria, pesou-se a carcaça e, posteriormente, dividiu-se longitudinalmente, sendo a metade esquerda seccionada em sete regiões anatômicas: perna, lombo, paleta, costelas flutuantes, costelas verdadeiras, baixos e pescoço. O estudo dos não-componentes da carcaça destacou a representabilidade dos pesos da pele (8,74%) e do conteúdo gastrintestinal (10,65%) na determinação do rendimento. As porcentagens dos cortes não apresentaram diferenças (p>0,05) em relação às dietas e grupos genéticos estudados.

Efeito de dois programas de alimentação sobre o desempenho e o rendimento de carcaça de duas marcas comerciais de frangos de corte

Com o objetivo de avaliar dois programas de alimentação (3 e 4 fases) sobre o desempenho e rendimento de carcaça de duas marcas comerciais de frangos de corte (Hubbard e Arbos Acres), utilizaram-se 1600 pintos de 1 dia, sendo 800 de cada marca comercial. Foi usado delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 x 2 (programas x marcas comerciais x sexos), com quatro repetições e 50 aves por unidade experimental. No período de 1 a 46 dias, não houve efeito dos programas de alimentação e das marcas comerciais de frangos de corte sobre o ganho de peso e consumo de ração. Para conversão alimentar, houve interação entre a marca Arbor Acres e o sexo, os machos tiveram resultados melhores que as fêmeas. Quanto ao rendimento de carcaça eviscerada (sem pés, cabeça e pescoço) e porcentagem de gordura abdominal, não houve diferença entre as marcas comerciais de frangos de corte e os programas utilizados. Nas condições em que foi realizado este experimento, é possível utilizar qualquer programa de alimentação.

Efeito do período de jejum na fase final de crição de frangos de corte machos sobre rendimento e composição da carcaça

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of fasting period in the last growing phase on carcass yield and composition of male broilers. Two thousand one-day old male chicks were distributed in five randomized blocks according to a 4x2 factorial (four feeding programs (P): ad libitum or one of three fasting schedules: 8-12, 12-16 and 8-16; and two strains (S): Ross or Hubbard-Peterson, Fifty birds were used per replicate. Birds were raised under identical feed and management conditions until day 42. The fasting schedules were applied from day 43 to day 56. At day 56, five birds per replicate were randomly sampled, weighed, slaughtered, eviscerated, dry-cooled, cut and deboned. No effects of P or SxP interaction were observed for carcass characteristics. birds, which showed higher weights and yields of head plus neck, feet, leg bones and wings. The ad libitum birds showed higher crude protein in thigh meat than those submitted to the 8-12 h fast. A SxP interaction was observed for meat ash content. The R broilers showed higher ash content in breast and thigh meat than the H birds in the 8-12 h fast treatment. on the other hand, the R broilers submitted to the 8-12 h fast showed higher ash contents in breast and thigh meat than birds from the same strain in the other feeding programs. Fasting in the last phase of rearing did not alter the yield of whole carcass, carcass cuts and abdominal fat, but morning fast influenced carcass chemical composition.

Sperm ultrastructure and a new type of spermiogenesis in two species of Pimelodidae, with a comparative review of sperm ultrastructure in Siluriformes (Teleostei : Ostariophysi)

During spermiogenesis, the spermatids of the pimelodid species Pimelodus maculatus and Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum show a central flagellum development, no rotation of the nucleus, and no nuclear fossa formation, in contrast to all previously described spermatids of Teleostei. These characteristics are interpreted as belonging to a new type of spermiogenesis, named here type III, which is peculiar to the family Pimelodidae. In P. maculatus and P. fasciatum, spermatozoa possess a spherical head and no acrosome; their nucleus contains highly condensed, homogeneous chromatin with small electron-lucent areas; and a nuclear fossa is not present. The centriolar complex lies close to the nucleus. The midpiece is small, has no true cytoplasmic channel, and contains many elongate and interconnected vesicles. Several spherical to oblong mitochondria are located around the centriolar complex. The flagellum displays the classical axoneme (9 + 2) and no lateral fins. Only minor differences were observed among the pimelodid species and genera. Otherwise, spermiogenesis and spermatozoa in the two species of Pimelodidae studied exhibit many characteristics that are not found in other siluriform families, mainly the type III spermiogenesis. (C) 2007 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Production of four cultivars of iceberg lettuce, under protected cultivation, with and without black polyethylene ground cover

The aim of the work was to evaluate the performance of four cultivars of iceberg lettuce, in a greenhouse, with and without ground cover. The experimental design adopted was that of subdivided parcels, where parcels were provided with and without ground cover consisting of black polyethylene and the subparcels consisted of the cultivars. There were three repetitions per treatment and six central plants of each parcel were evaluated. Drip irrigation was utilized. The cultivars studied were: 'Laurel', 'AF-389', 'Mayara' and 'Tainá'. The seeds were planted in Styrofoam trays with 288 cells containing the substrate Plantmax Hortaliças® A. The trays were kept in a greenhouse until transplanting, 25 days after seeding. The parameters examined were: fresh weight of the aerial part per plant, longitudinal (DL) and transverse (DT) diameters of the head, height of the plant and mean number of leaves per plant. Only among the cultivars there were significant differences in transverse and longitudinal diameters of the head and height of the plant. No significant interactions were detected between ground cover and cultivars. With regard to longitudinal and transverse diameters, 'AF-839' (DL = 27.11 cm; DT = 24.53 cm) showed smaller diameters than those of 'Laurel' (DL = 31.13 cm; DT = 30.55 cm), but did not differ from the other cultivars. In regard to height of the plants, 'Laurel' (20.66 cm) had the greatest value and 'AF-839' (16.02 cm) the lowest. The cultivars did not differ with respect to mean number of leaves and fresh weight of the aerial part of the plant. It is concluded that there were no significant differences in the cultivation of the iceberg lettuce with and without ground cover. The cultivar 'Laurel' stood out with respect to longitudinal and transverse diameters and height of the plant, only differing from the 'AF-839' with regard to the diameters.

Hindlimb unloading producing effects on bone biomechanical properties in mature male rats

Aging is associated with decline in muscle mass and strength and reduced bone density. Age-related bone loss is a primary factor in osteoporosis and all individuals are potential candidates for osteoporosis because bone loss with aging occurs in men and women, but less studied in men. To examine the appropriateness of hindlimb elevation, by tail suspension as a model for diminished mechanical loading, and to determine the influence of age on bone responsiveness to skeletal unloading, we use dual X ray absorptiometry (DXA) and digital radiographic images to analyze the response of the femur from mature rats to biomechanical loads. Femurs from male Wistar rats (9-mo-old) were scanned using DXA and DIGORA and measures obtained in ephipyseal and diaphyseal regions of interest. The mechanical testing was divided into compression load to fracture the head and a three-point bending load to fracture the femur middiaphysis. In femoral epiphysis from hindlimb unload (HU), animals presented significant differences between mineral bone content and density assessed by DXA. Detailed regions of femoral epiphysis (head, throcanteric fossa, throcanter and metaphysis) presented significant lower values from radiographic density. Only compressive load necessary to fracture the femoral head neck was also significantly diminished in HU animals. Disuse induced, as in elderly patients, deterioration of the trabecular bone architecture with critical effect on bone fragility. Rats with 21 days of hindlimb unloading can simulate disuse, suggesting that certain sub-regions of their aging bones are more susceptible to fracture, while other, i.e. diaphyses, are not.

Pattern of silver nitrate-staining during meiosis and spermiogenesis in testicular lobes of Antiteuchus tripterus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

The pattern of silver nitrate (Ag)-staining differed among testicular lobes of Antiteuchus tripterus. In general, these differences are in regard to the number, size, shape, coloring intensity, and location of the stained bodies or masses, observed during meiosis and spermiogenesis. These characteristics were similar in lobes 1-3. Lobes 4-6, however, differed from each other and from lobes 1-3 as well. Because the Ag-staining method is specific for nucleolar organizing regions and nucleolar material, the observations in meiosis of lobes 1-3 suggested the presence of a single pair of nucleolar organizing region-bearing chromosomes in A. tripterus, as previously found in other Pentatomidae species. In general, the amount of Ag-stained material seen in meiosis of the testicular lobes 1-3 of A. tripterus is smaller than in the other lobes. The differences among lobes observed during spermiogenesis included a striking variation in morphology of the Ag-stained material found in the head and tail of the spermatids. Given that the key role of the nucleolar material is to participate in protein synthesis, interlobular variations seem to be related to the different functions attributed to each lobe (reproduction to lobes 1-3 and basically nutrition to lobes 4-6). To our knowledge, this is the first time that the nucleolar material was studied in each testicular lobe during spermatogenesis. The present observations encourage further studies since, in addition to being of basic biological interest, several Pentatomidae species are agricultural pests and added knowledge of their biology, mainly in reproduction, may be important for the development of control strategies. ©FUNPEC-RP.

Description of eggs and nymphal instars of Triatoma baratai Carcavallo and Jurberg, 2000 based on optical and scanning electron microscopy (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae)

Triatoma baratai Carcavallo & Jurberg, is a wild (i.e., nonperidomestic) species found in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul (Bodoquena region, county of Bonito), Brazil. Its eggs and nymphs are described here based on optical and scanning electron microscopy. The operculum and exochorion have pentagonal, hexagonal, and heptagonal cells, with small cracks and small random pits. Differences in the eggs and five nymphal instars of T. baratai allow them to be distinguished from the sympatric species Triatoma williami Galvão, Souza & Lima, and from six of the nine members of the Triatoma oliveirai complex. The most useful differentiating characters are in the color, shape of the abdomen, head, and total body length. Keys are provided to separate the eggs and nymphal instars of six of the nine members of the Triatoma oliveirai species complex. Copyright ©2009 Magnolia Press.

Bone structure, strength and microhardness resulting after hindlimb unloading in rats

Introduction: Bone strength is influenced by a number of different determinants, such as mass, size, geometry and also by the intrinsic material properties of the tissue. Aims: The structure and mechanical properties of the femur were analyzed in aged (14 mo-old) animals submitted to hindlimb unloading (HU) for 21 days. Methods: Twenty Wistar rats were randomly divided into Control and HU groups and the femur was submitted to dual X ray absorptiometry (DXA), DIGORA radiographic density, mechanical compression testing and Knoop microhardness analyse in cortical and cancellous bone. Results: Femurs from HU group presented significantly lower failure load, decreased bone mineral density (BMD)/bone mineral content (BMC) in whole bone; proximal/distal epiphysis and middiaphyseal cortical bone measured by DXA were similar in the two groups; radiographic density from areas in proximal epiphysis was significantly lower in HU group, and microhardness measured at periosteal and endosteal levels were also signifcantly diminished in HU compared with Control group. Conclusion: Disuse induced damage in the trabecular femoral bone architecture with decisive effect on the head and trochanteric fossa, which became weaker. Bone diaphyseal cortical hardness also suffered effect of unloading, probably related to osteocyte/osteoblast activity.

Spermatogenesis and karyotypes of three species of water striders (Gerridae, Heteroptera).

Although they are of economic importance, there have been few cytogenetic studies of the Gerridae (Heteroptera) in Brazil. We examined spermatogenesis (meiosis and spermiogenesis) and nucleolar behavior in three species of the family Gerridae. Brachymetra albinerva and Halobatopsis platensis were found to have a chromosome complement of 2n = 25 (24A + X0) and Cylindrostethus palmaris 2n = 29 (28A + X0) chromosomes. Fifteen individuals of these species were collected from the reservoir of São José do Rio Preto, SP, using screens and were transported in pots containing water to the laboratory, where cytogenetic preparations were made. The polyploidy nuclei are formed by several heteropyknotic regions; cells in meiotic prophase have a heteropyknotic region that is probably the sex chromosome, and the chromosomes from chiasmata. The spermatids are rounded and have a heteropyknotic region at the periphery of the nucleus; the sperm head is small, with a long tail. Silver impregnation of meiotic cells showed one or more disorganized bodies around the perichromosomal sheath. The round spermatids had two bodies next to each other, but these were elongated; one of the bodies remained in the head and the other migrated to the initial part of the tail at the end of spermagenesis, when the staining was no longer evident. The meiotic cells appear during spermatogenesis and have very similar silver-impregnation patterns in different species of Heteroptera.