Justi��a ambiental e distribui����o de ��reas verdes na cidade de Rio Claro-SP

Se �� ineg��vel que as quest��es do meio ambiente atraem uma aten����o cada vez maior nos dias de hoje, falta ainda reconhecer a centralidade dos princ��pios de justi��a ambiental para a prote����o ecol��gica, a atividade econ��mica ou mesmo o futuro da democracia brasileira. Por Justi��a Ambiental entenda-se o conjunto de princ��pios que asseguram que nenhum grupo de pessoas, sejam grupos ��tnicos, raciais ou de classe, suporte uma parcela desproporcional das conseq����ncias ambientais negativas de opera����es econ��micas, de pol��ticas e programas federais, estaduais e locais, bem como resultantes da aus��ncia ou omiss��o de tais pol��ticas. Dito de outra forma, trata-se da espacializa����o da justi��a distributiva, uma vez que diz respeito �� distribui����o do meio ambiente para os seres humanos. Complementarmente, entende-se por Injusti��a Ambiental o mecanismo pelo qual sociedades desiguais destinam a maior carga dos danos ambientais do desenvolvimento a grupos sociais de trabalhadores, popula����es de baixa renda, grupos raciais discriminados, popula����es marginalizadas e mais vulner��veis. A qualidade do meio ambiente no qual vivemos influi consideravelmente na pr��pria qualidade de vida. A presen��a de ��reas verdes no universo urbano �� um fator essencial no resgate dos aspectos positivos da rela����o das formas urbanas com a natureza, e a distribui����o e a dist��ncia entre elas influi diretamente sobre as suas fun����es econ��mica, est��tica, social e ecol��gica, constituindo-se como indicador relevante para a qualidade de vida. Com isso o trabalho buscou identificar a rela����o entre a distribui����o espacial das ��reas verdes em Rio Claro e o perfil socioecon��mico das popula����es adjacentes. A partir do levantamento das ��reas verdes urbanas e do ��ndice paulista de vulnerabilidade social para o munic��pio de Rio Claro (IPVS), foram calculados os ��ndices de ��reas verdes para as regi��es de diferente vulnerabilidade socioecon��mica

Articula����o entre pol��tica agr��cola e ambiental: uma an��lise do caso brasileiro

O modo de produ����o agr��cola vigente �� causador de impactos ambientais. Estes impactos podem ser representados, por exemplo, pela devasta����o de matas e florestas com o intuito de expandir a fronteira agr��cola, a eros��o do solo e a polui����o das ��guas, da terra e do ar. Este trabalho mostra que a rela����o entre a atividade agr��cola e o meio ambiente n��o precisa ser litigiosa, podendo conviver de forma harm��nica. Para isso, foram estudados os programas criados pelo Minist��rio da Agricultura, Pecu��ria e Abastecimento (MAPA) que articulam as pol��ticas ambientais e agr��colas em prol do desenvolvimento sustent��vel. S��o exemplos destes programas a Integra����o Lavoura-Pecu��ria-Floresta (ILPF), o plantio direto na palha e o programa Agricultura de Baixo Carbono (ABC)

An��lise das possibilidades de integra����o entre programas ambientais de usinas hidrel��tricas e sistemas de gest��o ambiental

A avalia����o de impacto ambiental tem sido muitas vezes, vista apenas como um procedimento burocr��tico para a obten����o da licen��a ambiental, desconsiderando os estudos realizados, ap��s a aquisi����o da licen��a e contratando outros servi��os para orientar a ado����o de um sistema de gest��o objetivando boas pr��ticas ambientais. Por��m sabe-se que a estrutura geral das metodologias de avalia����o de impacto ambiental apresenta muitos pontos semelhantes se comparada �� identifica����o dos aspectos e impactos ambientais de um sistema de gest��o ambiental, o que indica uma interface entre os dois instrumentos apesar da execu����o integrada ainda n��o ser um procedimento comum na gest��o ambiental de empreendimentos. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho objetivou analisar as possibilidades do emprego de um sistema de gest��o ambiental preconizado pela ISQ 14001 para o gerenciamento de programas ambientais decorrentes de processos de avalia����o de impacto ambiental e de licenciamento ambiental de usinas hidrel��tricas, atrav��s do foco espec��fico naqueles progrmas relacionados diretamente com o monitoramento e o controle da qualidade e da qualidade da ��gua do reservat��rio, que �� um fator essencial para a fun����o de produ����o de um empreendimento hidrel��trico. Para esta an��lise, utilizou-se o caso da usina hidrel��trica de Santo Ant��nio, identificando 9 programas ambientais decorrentes de processos de avalia����o de impacto ambiental com grandes possibilidades de serem utilizados na estrutura����o de sistemas de gest��o ambiental de usinas hidrel��tricas e cuja adequada execu����o, corrobora com a integra����o entre os respectivos instrumentos al��m de corresponder �� necessidade de compatibiliza����o dos instrumentos de pol��tica ambiental na busca de um desenvolvimento com adequada prote����o ambiental e de uma atua����o mais consciente das organiza����es

Gest��o ambiental aplicada a preven����o, controle e recupera����o de eros��o linear acelerada no munic��pio de Ipe��na-SP

The erosion is a natural process of detachment, transport and deposition of soil and rock particles from one place to another. Human activities with no previous planning may accelerate this process, causing several damages to the environment and to society. In order to control the acceleration of these erosion processes caused by humans, prevention and improvement initiatives emerge. Regarding works which interfere directly in some of the natural resources, these initiatives must respect the intrinsic physical properties of the area of interest, if they aim to obtain effective results. Based on this scenario, this work proposes a few methods of accelerated linear erosion prevention, control and recovery in a specific area of the municipal district of Ipe��na (SP). For that matter, this study is based on a method of physiographic compartmentalization of the area, considering and integrating soil, relief, geology and the use and land cover properties of the study area. Plus, a flowchart with general orientations regarding management of eroded areas was produced, focused on the control and recovery of linear erosion. The result demonstrates the importance of careful erosion control, respecting the physical properties of each physiographic unit. The vegetative and mechanical conservationists methods, and the discipline of water flow, have found wide applicability in the study area.

An��lise ambiental em um canteiro de obras

The building sector can cause the environmental degradation, by the natural resources consumption, machinery use and natural landscape modifying. The environmental management system (EMS) improves the environmental quality and makes the companies more competitive. So, this work developed an environmental management system in a building site focused on the solid waste and in the development of mitigation proposals for the most significant environmental impacts. To develop this work it was necessary to follow the building site activities; evaluate the solid waste management; identify the law requirements; identify the environmental aspects and impacts; evaluate the environmental impacts; and propose alternatives for mitigating the adverse environmental critical impacts. The main proposals are the reduction of the waste generation in the place that it���s generated; the reuse and correct final disposal of that wastes; the treatment and reuse of the effluent; and the supervising in the trucks and machineries avoiding the oil spilling and the air pollution

Homogeneiza����o da biodiversidade?: a import��ncia de se distinguir diferentes tipos de impacto ao analisar metacomunidades aqu��ticas

O processo de homogeneiza����o da biodiversidade tem chamado a aten����o de pesquisadores porque integra tr��s principais processos que est��o relacionados com a crise moderna da biodiversidade ��� a introdu����o de esp��cies ex��ticas, extin����o de esp��cies nativas e modifica����es do habitat ��� e por dar maior ��nfase �� composi����o de esp��cies ao inv��s do n��mero de esp��cies das comunidades. Neste sentido, o conceito de diversidade beta ��� varia����o espacial e temporal na composi����o das esp��cies ��� apresenta-se central para a compreens��o do processo de homogeneiza����o da biota; principalmente porque a heterogeneidade do habitat �� a maior causa da diversidade beta, e segundo, por que algumas m��tricas de diversidade beta fornecem um meio de estimar e comparar estatisticamente a homogeneiza����o taxon��mica. Neste trabalho, n��s investigamos se a modifica����o do habitat est�� relacionada com a homogeneiza����o taxon��mica de macroinvertebrados em 32 riachos da Mata Atl��ntica. N��s testamos se esta modifica����o, associada com diferentes usos do solo (e.g., cana-de-a����car, eucalipto, pasto, banana e floresta), est�� relacionada com o decl��nio na diversidade beta, e se a diversidade beta �� afetada pela escala espacial utilizada nas an��lises. N��s estimamos e comparamos diversidade beta atrav��s do procedimento de homogeneidade de dispers��es multivariadas. Quando agrupamos os diferentes tipos de uso do solo em uma escala maior, i.e., ��reas impactadas vs. ��reas florestadas, n��s encontramos que os riachos impactados tinham diversidade beta mais alta. Ou seja, riachos mais preservados foram, surpreendentemente, mais homog��neos biologicamente. Por��m, na escala espacial mais fina, distinguindo os diferentes tipos de uso do solo, n��s observamos maior diversidade beta e maior heterogeneidade ambiental entre riachos florestados. Estes resultados indicam que se agruparmos diferentes tipos de impacto como ��reas impactadas, n��s...

Proposta de adequa����o ambiental de pequena propriedade rural localizada no munic��pio de S��o Carlos - SP

A ocupa����o inconsequente do territ��rio e a aplica����o de t��cnicas agropastoris altamente degradantes ao meio ambiente, no Estado de S��o Paulo, culminaram em uma diminui����o da cobertura vegetal nativa preservada de apenas 14% da cobertura original. Nesse cen��rio, o Novo C��digo Florestal, de 1964, regulamentava a prote����o das chamadas ��reas de Preserva����o Permanente e a aplica����o da ��rea de Reserva Legal, que consistia em uma porcentagem da ��rea total da propriedade rural destinada �� preserva����o para a manuten����o da biodiversidade local. Com a fun����o de guiar as propostas de recupera����o das ��reas degradadas e de preserva����o dos remanescentes nativos, um Programa de Adequa����o Ambiental foi desenvolvido no presente estudo. Seu objetivo �� adequar uma pequena propriedade rural, localizada no munic��pio de S��o Carlos ��� SP, ��s leis ambientais, com a finalidade de torn��-la o mais ecologicamente sustent��vel poss��vel. Com o auxilio de imagens de sat��lite dispon��veis gratuitamente na internet e programas de SIG (ArcGis, Stitch Maps), o Programa de Adequa����o Ambiental da Est��ncia 4R avaliou os usos e ocupa����es da propriedade, indicando que mais da metade da propriedade (35 ha) s��o destinados �� cria����o de gado de corte e quase todo o restante (20 ha) est�� arrendado para o cultivo de cana-de-a����car, e sugeriu propostas de restaura����o da ��rea de Reserva Legal, cuja ��rea deve ser de 12 ha, bem como sua localiza����o, ao sul da propriedade. Como a����o de restaura����o, foi proposto o cons��rcio de esp��cies arb��reas nativas com linhas de plantio de caf�� de sombra, em um sistema de plantio conhecido como Agroflorestal

Dosimetria ambiental do g��s 222Rn: um exemplo de estudo das ��guas da regi��o de Presidente Prudente ��� SP e considera����es sobre abordagem do tema atrav��s do Banco Internacional de Objetos Educacionais ��� BIOE

Over the years, the concern with the detection of the levels of radionuclides in the environment has increased, given that they are carcinogenic to the human respiratory system. Present in the air, waters, soil and building materials, among other substances, radionuclides are unknown by most of the population. In this paper, we present the radioactive gas 222Rn, predominant element among all others and one way of detecting it in an example study of the waters of the Presidente Prudente - SP, through the plastic detector called CR-39. Likewise, we realized the need to approach this issue more broadly in schools and even in higher education, since this field of modern physics and environmental physics usually appears only in master's and doctorate. Thus, we attempted to perform the didactic transposition schooluniversity, through the construction of an object Educational, OE, to be placed on the Bank for International Educational Objects - bioethanol and by developing this contribute to the knowledge and understanding of the importance of monitoring of radioactivity in a way accessible to the population as a whole

Propostas de Adequa����o Ambiental para a Cidade da Crian��a de Presidente Prudente - SP

The environmental issue has been considered of fundamental importance for the well being of the present and future generations and is inserted into the commitment of political parties at federal, state and municipal government programs, into the interests of popular organizations and business planning. The Parque Ecol��gico Cidade da Crian��a is one of the most sought after places for visitation at Presidente Prudente ��� SP. Located outside the Raposo Tavares Highway, next to the exhibition grounds and beside the agricultural school, has more than 30 acres of area with an infrastructure designed for recreation and leisure activities for all ages and has received new investment of the public power. Given the importance of the ecological aspects, the objective of this work is to perform an environmental diagnosis in order to be able to submit proposals for solving the problems encountered and improve the use of the environmental resources. Therefore, the study was divided into three foci: sewage disposal, erosion process and control of the stormwater drainage system. It was checked the discharge of sewage from the restaurant on exposed soil, erosion processes that develop at the camel and llama cages ground and erosion processes resulting from the convergence of the stormwater in the highest region of the park. Based on these studies, proposals of solution were made for each case, having considered the effectiveness of the project

Organiza����o e implementa����o de um banco de dados para a sensibilidade ambiental ao ��leo e avalia��ao de a����es adequadas de resposta a derramamentos - S��o Sebasti��o (SP)

The need to know and to preserve the coastal ecosystems is justified by the whole importance that those ecosystems have for our society. Then, it is big the concern in guaranteeing that those places stay free from contaminations. Among the several types of potentials pollutants that can affect the coastal systems, the petroleum-derived are the ones that cause the worst impacts, given the frequency of these accidents. Rapid actions are necessary in order to minimize the oil negative effects . This answer is faster when the most sensitive areas are known and when it presents characteristics of larger importance, as for instance, the presence of sea harvesting or the habitat of an endemic specie. Besides, it is necessary to know which cleanup methods are recommended and which are not recommended for the reached areas, so, the corrected emergency plans for each coastal environment can be applied. It is in this context that this project was developed, implementing a geographical database for the different coastal environment of S��o Sebasti��o municipality, SP, and also the data about the best cleanup techniques for each segment of the coast. This database was made available by the internet, enabling the access for several types of users.

Avalia����o da influ��ncia do enriquecimento ambiental nas vari��veis comportamentais de saguis-de-cara-branca (Callithrix geoffroyi) em cativeiro

Six species of the genus Callithrix can be found across the Atlantic Forest extension, being the Callithrix geoffroyi, Geoffroy`s marmoset, the least studied species. The objective of this study is to investigate the behavioral aspects of the species in captivity, and how the environmental enrichment techniques influence those behaviors. To this end, we have studied three specimens of C. geoffroyi, in captivity at Municipal Zoo of Piracicaba, S��o Paulo. The enclosure includes a 37m2 with under masonry, concrete platforms with external deep, trunks, a floor of grass and soil, e grid in their other three sides. The sampling method was focal per time interval, with records every 30 seconds in sessions of 30 minutes, totaling 30 hours for each animal, which were distributed in a baseline phase, an environmental enrichment phase and post-enrichment phase (n = 3660 records in each phase). The twelve enrichment techniques were applied: the physical environment (branches for perches and hoses fabrics for bedding and vanishing points), cognitive (radio, mirror, puzzle food) and food (insects, flowers and eggs hidden, wrapped). Initially, to determine the period of greatest activity of marmosets, we investigated the pattern of activity for three days (9:00 am to 17:00 pm) consecutively at intervals of 15 minutes, recording the number of active and inactive individuals. The 495 records signaled greater activity in the morning, then selected period for the completion of this work. The ethogram comprised 16 behaviors. The inactivity was the predominant phase behavior baseline and post-enrichment with a significant decrease (h=8,62, p <0.01) in the enrichment phase, and a significant increase in the post enrichment (h=18,15, p <0.001). The same was seen for the use of substrate (grid and ground vs. Trunk and concrete, h=5,09, p <0.001 and h=3,98, p <0.05)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Diagn��stico ambiental das nascentes do C��rrego dos Macacos ��� munic��pio de ��lvares Machado/SP

Environmental diagnosis fits in analysis social-spatial organization insofar it contributes to understanding past and present aspects of how a territory works as well as enables the creation of statements for future ordainment. In this context, the present study aims at contributing with data for creating recovery and environmental preservation projects for the basin of Macacos��� stream���s headwaters, located in the north of ��lvares Machado county in S��o Paulo state. To achieve this purpose, the main characteristics and existing uses in the basin have been analyzed and its main environmental problems were identified in the data and information collected in journals, field work and interviews with dwellers from the interested area and local government authorities. On this way, a diagnosis of the environmental state of the studied area was performed considering its specific issues regarding the natural and physical process as well as human influences. From the analysis carried out it was possible to identify environmental impacts on different levels resulting from the conflictuous relation between uses and occupations and the natural dynamics of the studied basin.

O Sistema de Gest��o Ambiental e sua contribui����o socioambiental para a biblioteca central da UNESP, Campus Rio Claro/SP

The minimization and mitigation of environmental impacts caused by the activities of organizations is increasingly becoming a key concern due to factors such as market demand, including suppliers and consumer markets, quality standards and even marketing strategies. The implementation of an EMS - Environmental Management System - allows the organization to achieve the level of environmental performance for its determined and promotes continuous improvement over time. This system consists of a schedule of activities, so as to eliminate or minimize impacts to the environment through preventive actions. It also provides a structured approach to set and achieve goals and objectives, and to establish procedures, work instructions and control, ensuring that the implementation of the policy can become reality. The objective of this work consists in planning a system using environmental management based on the ISO 14001 - standard internationally more widespread and accepted in the requirements to establish and operate an EMS - the Central Library, UNESP, Rio Claro / SP to stimulate the quest for continuous improvement and sustainability in the educational institution. For making the diagnosis of this planning was used the PDCA methodology, suggested by the standard, as well as all requirements for compliance. The results show that the benefits that the organization will receive involve reducing expenses and cost of energy and water, and improve the organization's reputation before the whole university and other educational institutions, reaching about three thousand people on university

A antropogeomorfologia na bacia do C��rrego do Cavalheiro - Anal��ndia/SP: uma avalia����o da din��mica do uso da terra e sua adequabilidade a legisla����o ambiental e a capacidade de uso

The assessment of land use dynamic can be an instrument for analysis in anthropogeomorphology, which would allow one to verify the human geomorphological actions and its various implications in changing the original morphology for the creation of a human morphology. This study aimed to consider the land use dynamics and its interference in the morphology of Cavalheiro Stream Basin. From this assessment, to understand the implications of land use in the creation of a human morphology, as well as to analyze if the current use is in accordance with the legal restrictions placed by ongoing environmental legislation and with the ability to land use. The chosen of this studied area was due to assumptions raised by Pinton (2007) for changes in the dynamic of rainwater erosion of this area caused by human actions, specially the cultivation of sugar cane in morphologies that are unfit for it. The search took as methodological support the principles that concern the General Systems Theory, trying to see the watershed as an open system. The geomorphological data, of land use and of legal restrictions to the use and occupation of land, were collected from different cartographic techniques. Besides, it was developed a sketch map of land use capacity by adapting the technique proposed by Lepsch (1983). This way, the data obtained in this survey are considered capable to provide subsidies for the identification of changes in original morphology of the Cavalheiro Stream Basin and the genesis of a human morphology, as well as conflicts and adjustments of current land use in environmental system and on the legal restrictions outlined in the ongoing environmental legislation, contributing to a proper environmental planning with the characteristics of the physical environmental system of this basin

Diag��stico ambiental de empreendimentos do distrito industrial Ant��nio Crepaldi ��� Presidente Prudente/SP

Recently, the environmental concern has grown due to the higher awareness about the availability and the importance of natural resources for survival on the Earth. So, laws and regulations were implemented aiming the environmental preservation. It has being developed new systems, technologies and techniques in order to minimize wastage of resources and minimize waste generation that may cause environmental impacts, in order to abide by the laws and regulations. These techniques and systems have been developed mostly for the industrial sector, because it���s one of the most responsible for the waste generation and impacts. One of the most employed systems is the environmental management, performed during the environmental diagnosis of the area/activity. So, this study aimed the environmental assessment and the establishment of proposals for the mitigation of the most significant environmental impacts generated in five industries of the Antonio Crepaldi industrial district ��� Presidente Prudente, in order to contribute to environmental issues and provide greater efficiency in the productive process of these industries... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)